Abstract: A liquid absorbing pad, in particular for use in hygiene articles and sanitary products, such as diapers, bed pads, sanitary napkins, pads for incontinence, panty shields, nursing pads or the like, is produced in a dry and direct process on the basis of wet-strength and/or coated paper waste, especially originating from the production of food packages, milk carton packages, deep-freeze packages, disposable tableware and the like. The waste is cut and defibrated, and during the defibration or just before it a maximum of 25% by volume, based on the volume of the paper waste, of a mixture of water and a surfactant is added to reestablish the absorption capacity of the fibres. Starting materials otherwise difficult to process can thus be used in a dry and direct process.

Abstract: Tissue products, such as facial and bath tissue, are provided with improved softwood and opacity by making the products from a furnish containing fibers of a lower coarseness created by splitting the fibers in the lengthwise direction.

Abstract: A method of mechanically converting unbranched fibers into highly branched or "fibrillated" fibers which are especially suitable for reinforcing composite materials such as brake linings. Unbranched starting fibers, immersed in water, are subjected to prolonged working in an intensive mixer or chopper having a very rapidly spinning blade with sharp knife edges, until extensive fiber branching occurs. Fibrillation can be achieved by this method even though conventional fiber "refining" techniques have no significant effect on the same starting material.

Abstract: An oil and grease absorbent material formed from treated paper sludge or other fibrous slurries and a method of treating the slurry to form the material which includes the physical properties of clay absorbents. The method involves the addition of materials to the shredded slurry to control color, bacteria, fungi, and density. A quantity of lipophyllic ray cells are added to the slurry to increase oil absorbency. The slurry is then formed into granules and dried before packaging.

Abstract: A cake of synthetic fibrid, which is formed by pressing to hydroextract a slurry of synthetic fibrid, pulverizing the compression product, and compressing the pulverization product again to solidity it in the form of a plate-like cake.

Abstract: Both the wet strength and the folding endurance of bleached kraft paper product are improved by subjecting the paper to steps of densification and high temperature treatment during its production.

Abstract: Absorbent, retentive pulp is described which is capable of retaining good absorbency even after having been highly compressed. The pump is produced by subjecting a microfibrillated pulp slurry to pore generation by means of freezing and solvent exchange and to cross-linking with a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: Laminar polysaccharide structures, e.g., laminar microbial cellulose structures, are disclosed. These structures comprise densified planiform sheets or laminae that merge into one another and together define plural regions having reduced polysaccharide microfibril density. The disclosed laminar polysaccharide structures are derived by manipulating fibrous polysaccharide pellicles produced by microorganisms such as those of the genere Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Sphaerotilus, and the like.

Abstract: This invention concerns a treatment for preserving or protecting moist wood against attacks from microorganisms (fungi) with the use of evaporable or sublimable ammonium salts. The protection is obtained by distributing the salts close to the wood so that the salts form an atmosphere around the wood in which the microorganisms cannot develop. The treatment is of special interest for moist wood during a storage period until it has been dried and is not further attached by fungi.

Abstract: A non-bonding pulp is obtained by contacting a cellulosic pulp with a non-oxidizing gaseous medium at a temperature of at least 400.degree. F. for a period of time greater than 3 seconds or more. When a cellulose pulp comprising at least about 10% hemicellulose, i.e., wood pulp, is treated thermally with a non-oxidizing gaseous medium, a novel non-alpha pulp is obtained. When formed into a substrate such as a 60-70 pound per 3000 square feet paper, the thermally treated pulp forms a non-bonding cellulosic substrate possessing (i) a void fraction of at least 0.85, (ii) a porosity of at least 30 cubic feet per minute per square foot, and (iii) sufficient tensile strength to withstand the tension of wind-up, e.g., at least 6 lbs/inch.

Abstract: Fibrous webs of improved bulk and softness are produced by subjecting hydrophilic papermaking fibers to mechanical deformation, e.g. hammermilling, sufficient to deform the fibers without substantial fiber breakage, dispersing the resulting curled or kinked fibers, preferably in admixture with conventional papermaking fibers, in an aqueous foam with minimal agitation and holding time and forming a wet laid web from the resulting fiber furnish.

Abstract: Microfibrillated celluloses having properties distinguishable from all previously known celluloses, are produced by passing a liquid suspension of cellulose through a small diameter orifice in which the suspension is subjected to a pressure drop of at least 3000 psig and a high velocity shearing action followed by a high velocity decelerating impact, and repeating the passage of said suspension through the orifice until the cellulose suspension becomes a substantially stable suspension. The process converts the cellulose into microfibrillated cellulose without substantial chemical change of the cellulose starting material.

Abstract: Redispersible microfibrillated cellulose is prepared by the addition to a liquid dispersion of the microfibrillated cellulose, an additive compound capable of substantially inhibiting hydrogen bonding between the cellulose fibrils. The microfibrillated cellulose, upon drying, is characterized by having a viscosity when redispersed in water of at least 50% of the viscosity of an equivalent concentration of the original dispersion.

Abstract: A process of preparing microfibrillated cellulose comprising adding to never-dried cellulosic pulp an additive compound capable of substantially inhibiting hydrogen bonding of the fibrils in the cellulose and then drying the pulp and additive. Microfibrillation of a suspension of the cellulosic pulp is carried out at considerably increased efficiency if the additive compound is present prior to drying the pulp. The resulting MFC product can be dried and redispersed without substantial loss of viscosity.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the manufacture of high bulk paper, or a high bulk layer of a multi-layered paper, which uses a mixture of fully hydrated paper making fibres and substantially unhydrated fibres. The unhydrated fibres may be mixed with the conventional slurry of hydrated fibres shortly before the head box. The web may be dried primarily by pressing, with the unhydrated fibres remaining relatively unhydrated throughout the process and ensuring a bulky product; through-driers need not be used. The invention also covers the novel product of this process.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the preparation of neutralized polyelectrolyte complexes exhibiting hydrophobic behavior containing crystals of an organic polycation exchanged lithium and/or sodium water-swelling mica. The process for making such products comprises:(1) forming a glass-ceramic body containing crystals selected from the group of fluorhectorite, hydroxyl hectorite, boron fluorphlogopite, hydroxyl boron phlogopite, and solid solutions among those and between those and other structurally-compatible species selected from the group of talc, fluortalc, polylithionite, fluorpolylithionite, phlogopite, and fluorphlogopite;(2) contacting that body with a polar liquid to cause swelling and disintegration of the body accompanied with the formation of a gel; and(3) contacting said gel with a source of organic polycations to cause a reaction between the Li.sup.+ and/or Na.sup.

Abstract: A process for producing photographic paper comprising bleaching a paper web containing from 0 to 65% by weight water is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a cellulosic pulp having reduced interfiber bonding and therefore reduced physical strength while maintaining excellent hydrophilic properties. The pulp is produced by treating the cellulosic fibers with a hydrophilic debonder having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 =methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydrogen or hydroxyethyl,R.sub.2 =methyl, ethyl, propyl or [ethylene oxide].sub.n where N=1 to 50,R.sub.3 =aliphatic chain of at least 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.4 =[ethylene oxide].sub.n or [propylene oxide].sub.n with N=1 to 50,X-Cl, I, Br, SO.sub.4.sup.-, PO.sub.4.sup.--, CH.sub.3 CO.sub.2.

Abstract: Cellulosic fibers, characterized by a lack of swellability and incapable of natural fiber-to-fiber bonding, are produced by a process which comprises treating an aqueous slurry of the fibers with a formaldehyde-free polymeric compound, heating the treated fibers to cause the polymeric compound to react with the fibers, and refiberizing to separate individual, treated fibers. The fibers are useful in the preparation of improved cellulosic webs characterized primarily by their increased bulk and improved softness.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating pulp fibres, that have already been curled which method comprises: subjecting the pulp to a heat treatment while the pulp is at a high consistency, thereby to render the curl permanent to subsequent mechanical action. This permanent curl has advantages for papermachine runnability and for increasing the toughness of the finished product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compacted paper lost circulation material for use in arresting or preventing a lost circulation condition in well bore drilling operations and a method of forming same. The lost circulation material generally comprises comminuted paper, water and a non-foaming, water soluble surfactant which has been compressed to form a pellet. When added to a circulating drilling fluid, the pellet disperses to form particulate wetted paper which plugs fractured or vugular porosity in an earth stratum which othewise creates a lost circulation condition in the drilling fluid.

Abstract: The fibrous material is for the preparation of a sheet material containing large amounts of inorganic fine powders or inorganic short fibers by a usual paper-making method. A raw material for forming the fibrous material is previously impregnated with a polymer flocculant of the polyacrylamide type or the like in the amount of 0.01 to 5% (dry solids). The fibrous material is adaptable for sheets which can be prepared easily by individuals at home as well as at factories. The fibrous material can be utilized for a wide range of application, for example, for various ceramic products, construction materials, papers for special use, filters and so on and for recovery of solids from waste water or the like.

Abstract: Method for the production of kraft paper for increasing its functional quality, particularly its tensile energy absorption, whereby the pulp being prepared in a conventional manner is processed by additional separate curlation directly before web formation for increasing the elastic stretch and a paper bag made of that kraft paper wherein the elastic stretch exceeds 1.8%.

Abstract: Controlled release compositions are made by a distillation method to include chemical impregnants (such as animal repellants, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, plant growth stimulants, perfumes and deodorizers, fertilizers, and drugs) in biodegradable, microporous structures. Each microporous structure collapses upon drying but swells upon rewetting to allow the impregnant entrapped in it to diffuse from the structure. Never-dried wood pulp is a particularly desirable microporous structure because it has large pores initially, a large surface area initially, and demonstrated swelling capability. The method is particularly useful when the impregnant is insoluble in the fluid initially within the microporous structure and when the solvent for the impregnant is immiscible with that fluid.

Abstract: Microfibrillated celluloses having properties distinguishable from all previously known celluloses, are produced by passing a liquid suspension of cellulose through a small diameter orifice in which the suspension is subjected to a pressure drop of at least 3000 psig and a high velocity shearing action followed by a high velocity decelerating impact, and repeating the passage of said suspension through the orifice until the cellulose suspension becomes a substantially stable suspension. The process converts the cellulose into microfibrillated cellulose without substantial chemical change of the cellulose starting material.

Abstract: Treatment of high yield wood pulp which has ether extractives of greater than about 3.0% at temperatures of about 105.degree. C. or higher for at least about 16 hours followed by fluffing of the heat treated pulp results in a relatively inexpensive absorbent for oil spills and the like. The oil is readily recovered from the absorbent or the oil and absorbent may be burned as fuel without separation.

Abstract: A waterproofing composition is made by admixing primary sludge produced by pulp and paper mill operations with tall oil pitch. The composition may include particulate wood by-products as fillers and a material such as lime for raising the softening point of the tall oil pitch.

Abstract: A bale of wastepaper containing deinking chemical.

Abstract: A distinguishing feature of the method lies in that the moist fibrous raw material is constituted by a suspension of a fibrous material with a fibre concentration of 5-30 wt. %; said suspension is heated before dispersion to 102.degree.-145.degree. under a pressure of 1.1-4.0 atm abs and fed in the form of a stream into a moulding chamber where pressure in the stream is sharply reduced to 0.8-1.0 atm abs in the course of 10.sup.-1 -10.sup.-3 seconds.

Abstract: Cellulose-containing materials such as wood fiber or vegetable fibers are permanently fused in a fast-acting process by subjecting the fibers to conditions producing a new state of fusion and chemical combining under intensive heating while excluding oxygen, and requiring little or no primary binder additives. This fused cellulose is reached by introducing cellulose materials having equilibrium moisture content from 2% to 50% (preferably 3% to 12%) into an oxygen-excluding reaction station having temperature in the range from 450.degree. F to 800.degree. F and wherein dielectric energy is applied in conjunction with high ambient temperature. The temperature is well beyond the normal cellulose carbonizing temperature and cellulose combustibility at temperatures of about 400.degree. F. Specific exposure of the materials to elevated temperature is accurately controlled to minimize possible carbonizing.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing calcium alginate sheets, without the use of an adhesive binder, by use of a Fourdrinier paper making machine is disclosed. Alginate material in fibrous form is obtained by squirting an aqueous solution of water-soluble alginate via a spinneret into a bath of an inorganic salt, whose cation will react with the alginate to produce a water-insoluble alginate. This fibrous alginate material is then fed into a Fourdrinier machine and formed into a sheet, and the pH value of the fibrous alginate slurry at the screen wire of the machine is at or below 7.0.

Abstract: Improved fluffed pulp consisting of 95 to 25 percent by weight groundwood and 5 to 75 percent by weight chemical pulp, with a liquid retention capacity of at least 6.5 gram liquid per gram pulp, a liquid dispersing capacity of at least 2.5 gram liquid per gram pulp per minute, a bulk of at least 18 cm.sup.3 /gram and a web strength of at least 0.2 Newton, and a method of producing said pulp by mixing 95 to 25 percent by weight groundwood and 5 to 75 percent by weight chemical pulp beaten in a wet state with each other, dewatering mechanically to a dry solids content of 40 to 50 percent by weight, coarse-defibrating, drying in a flash drying step to 60 to 85 percent by weight, finish-defibrating and finish-drying to 80 to 95 percent by weight dry solids content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluffed pulp comprising unwashed mechanical pulp with a liquid-diffusing capacity of at least 3.5 grams liquid per gram pulp per minute, a bulk of at least 18 cm.sup.3 /gram and a volume weight in blocks or bales of at most 0.8 grams/cm.sup.3. The invention also comprises a method of producing such a fluffed pulp by means of defibrating the wood and thereafter drying the same with warm air to a dry content of 80-95% by weight without subjecting the pulp to any mechanical compression.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for continuously shrinking a fibrous sheet containing heat-shrinkable fibers by means of a hot liquid wherein a sheet is driven by a continuous, stable film formed on the emerged surface of a series of aligned cylinders with parallel axes rotated in the direction of the advance of the sheet and partially immersed in a hot liquid without the sheet being in contact with the cylinders. The invention makes it possible to shrink uniformly and at a high speed heat-shrinkable fibers obtained from an aqueous dispersion thereof by a paper-making method.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a water-repellent, fluffy lightweight batt of wood pulp fibers comprising applying a water-repellent material to a surface of a dry wood pulp board so that the water-repellent penetrates through only a portion of the board. The treated board is ground to individualize the fibers, and the ground fibers are collected in a batt with the water-repellent treated fibers distributed uniformly throughout to produce a fluffy, water-repellent batt of wood pulp fibers.