Abstract: A base station (eNodeB) performing a radio communication with a user equipment (UE) includes: a transmission format determining unit (16) configured to determine a transmission format of a downlink data channel not to be associated by a control channel, based on a downlink reception signal quality measured by the user equipment; a notification unit (18) configured to notify, to the user equipment, the transmission format determined by the transmission format determining unit; a transmission power controlling unit (19) configured to control a transmission power of the downlink data channel; and a transmitting unit (18) configured to transmit downlink data to the user equipment via the downlink data channel, by using the transmission format determined by the transmission format determining unit.

Abstract: A method of receiving a broadcast signal including a Non-Real-Time (NRT) service and a broadcast receiver are disclosed herein. A method of receiving a broadcast signal including a Non-Real-Time (NRT) service, the method comprises receiving a broadcast signal including an NRT content and NRT service guide information, the NRT service guide information including a content fragment, identifying a File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) session delivering the NRT content from the broadcast signal, detecting a first content identification information from a File Description Table (FDT) of the FLUTE session, and detecting a second content identification information of the content fragment matched with the first content identification information.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing data maintained at a plurality of data objects. The method involves assembling source and destination trees, each of the source and destination trees including a root node and one or more dependent nodes associated with source and destination data maintained at the plurality of data objects respectively. After the trees are assembled, a checksum calculation is performed for the nodes of the source tree and the destination tree based on the associated source data and the associated destination data maintained at the plurality of data objects respectively. The destination tree and the destination data are synchronized with the source tree and source data based on the comparison of the checksum calculations of corresponding nodes in the source tree and the destination tree.

Abstract: A method and computer-readable medium for dynamically adjusting a multimedia data resolution in a wireless environment is provided. The method includes: determining the access profile of the mobile station; monitoring transmission conditions in the wireless system; transmitting the multimedia data and control signaling to the mobile station with a highest resolution based upon the transmission conditions, wherein the control signaling determines an amount of the multimedia data accessible to the mobile station based upon the access profile of the mobile station; and decreasing a resolution of the multimedia data being transmitted to the mobile station, if the transmission conditions become unacceptable for transmitting the multimedia data at the highest resolution.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate and/or effectuate transmission of circuit switched voice over packet switched networks. The systems and methodologies provide for the receiving a first packet originating from access terminals and/or user equipment, determining within which hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) the first packet is received, ascertaining an amount of delay that is applied to the first packet before the first packet is forwarded into a core circuit switched network; and establishing a periodic time interval within which to convey subsequent packets that originate from the communicating access terminal and/or user equipment.

Abstract: A method of transmitting over a network a signal comprising a plurality of data elements the method comprising; receiving the signal at a terminal; determining a transmission delay of at least one data element; estimating a first component of the transmission delay; determining a second component of the transmission delay by removing the first component of the transmission delay from the transmission delay; and determining a receiver delay to be applied between receiving at the terminal and outputting from the terminal one of said plurality of data elements, in dependence on the second component of the transmission delay.

Abstract: A reference signal transmission method in a downlink MIMO system is disclosed. The downlink MIMO system supports a first UE supporting N transmission antennas among a total of M transmission antennas (where M>N) and a second UE supporting the M transmission antennas. The method includes transmitting, by a base station (BS), subframe-associated information which designates a first subframe in which data for the first UE and the second UE is transmitted and a second subframe in which data only for the second UE can be transmitted within a radio frame having a plurality of subframes, and transmitting the first subframe and the second subframe. Reference signals corresponding to antenna ports ‘0’ to ‘N?1’ of the N antennas are mapped to the first subframe, and reference signals corresponding to antenna ports ‘0’ to ‘M?1’ of the M antennas are mapped to the second subframe.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatus that enforce zoning rules by separately employing source and destination information. In certain embodiments, information uniquely identifying network destinations is provided on a destination CAM. In these embodiments, each destination identified in the destination CAM has an associated zoning decision vector provided in a results memory. The vector provides specific zoning decisions (permit or deny transmission) for specific sources on the network. The specific zoning decision to be applied to a frame under consideration is selected from a zoning decision vector by using source information taken from the frame.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method of connecting multimedia content to a network resource. This method operates in a computer network environment. Operating in a network connected device, the method extracts an identifier from a media signal, such as from a digital watermark, perceptual hash, or other machine extracted signal identifier. It then sends the identifier to a network along with context information indicating device type information. From the network, the method receives related data associated with the media signal via the identifier. The related data is adapted to the network connected device based on the device type information. This device type information may include a display type, so that the related date may be formatted for rendering on the display type of the device. This device type information may also include a connection speed so that the related data may be optimized for the connection speed of the device.

Abstract: A system is provided for transmitting a low code rate spatially multiplexed channel on multiple antennas. The system includes a transmitter and a processor. The processor is configured such that the processor encodes a block of information bits to form channel coded bits, wherein the ratio of the number of channel coded bits to the number of information bits is greater than one; and the processor maps the channel coded bits to modulation symbols, and each channel coded bit is mapped once to a modulation symbol. The transmitter is configured to transmit a first portion of the modulation symbols using a spreading sequence on a first antenna of the multiple antennas and to transmit a second portion of the modulation symbols using the spreading sequence on a second antenna of the multiple antennas.

Abstract: A system includes at least one adaptive filter coupled to a first communication channel and at least one other communications channel. The at least one adaptive filter includes at least one set of adaptive filter coefficients. A memory stores at least one predetermined set of filter coefficient thresholds. The filter coefficient thresholds may be indicative of channel faults, channel to channel faults or a length of the channel. A controller is configured to compare the set of filter coefficients to the predetermined set of filter coefficient thresholds. The controller is configured to determine the information about the channels based on compare results.

Abstract: Support for multiple wireless access technologies at a common terrestrial radio access network is described herein. By way of example, wireless resources can be reserved in a manner that facilitates transmission of control and reference signals to advanced or emerging-technology user terminals (e.g., LTE-A), while mitigating adverse affects on legacy user terminals (e.g., LTE Release 8). As such, information designated for LTE-A terminals can be embedded in predetermined reserved locations, which exploit known standardized behavior of legacy terminals in expecting information at specific locations. Such reserving of resources can occur typically without the legacy terminals being affected, mitigating or avoiding performance degradation for legacy terminals.

Abstract: When a format of a video signal or an audio signal received by a receiver of a video/audio signal input/output device is switched by a channel selecting operation by a user, a format determiner determines an output format. An output format communicator transmits format information indicating the output format to a video/audio reproduction device through a communicator. After a converter switches the output format, the communicator transmits the video signal and the audio signal to the video/audio reproduction device. When a communicator of the video/audio reproduction device receives the format information, a format switcher switches reproduction setting of a display based on the format information. After that, when the communicator receives the video signal and the audio signal, the display reproduces video and audio.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting system and a method of processing data are disclosed, which are robust to error when mobile service data are transmitted. To this end, additional encoding is performed for the mobile service data, whereby it is possible to strongly cope with fast channel change while giving robustness to the mobile service data.

Abstract: Improved ranking and grouping techniques are disclosed for communication systems such as a multiple input multiple output system. For instance, techniques are disclosed for ranking and grouping users that are eligible for single-user and/or multiple-user transmissions. In one case, ranking and grouping are performed independently and, in another case, ranking and grouping are performed jointly.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, applying network policy at a network device. In an example embodiment fiber channel hard zoning information may be received that indicates whether a fiber channel frame is permitted to be communicated between two fiber channel ports. Some example embodiments include identifying a media access control address associated with the fiber channel ports. An example embodiment may include generating one or more access control entries based on the fiber channel identifications of the fiber channel ports and the zoning information. The access control entries may be distributed to an Ethernet port to be inserted into an existing access control list and used to enforce a zoning policy upon fiber channel over Ethernet frames.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for decoding signal vectors in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where the receiver has received one or more signal vectors from the same transmitted vector. The receiver combines the received vectors by vector concatenation The concatenated vector may then be decoded using, for example, maximum-likelihood decoding. In some embodiments, the combined signal vector is equalized before decoding.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for controlling synchronous and asynchronous communications in an avionic network. The method includes receiving one or more asynchronous messages and one or more synchronous messages, allocating each of the synchronous messages to a corresponding predetermined time slot while producing an unoccupied portion in at least one of the predetermined time slots, and allocating the asynchronous messages to one or more of the unoccupied portions of the predetermined time slots.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for interleaving a dedicated set of bits that is divided in an appropriate number of blocks using for each block an interleaver matrix with a predefined first dimension for interleaving the bits within each block, whereby said appropriate number of blocks is estimated in such a way that a value of a second dimension of the interleaver matrix that is needed to interleave the bits within each block lies within a dedicated range, a base station (BS1-BS8), a user terminal (T1-T4) and a communication network (CN) therefor.

Abstract: A communication system comprises an origination system configured to transmit session traffic, a traffic processing system configured to receive the session traffic from the origination system, multiplex the session traffic to virtual channels based on a plurality of vectors, transmit the plurality of vectors to a destination system, and transmit the session traffic over the virtual channels to the destination system, and a destination system configured to receive the session traffic and de-multiplex the session traffic based on the plurality of vectors.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a first and a second stream of digital data includes a stagger multiplexer and a stagger demultiplexer. Each stream of digital data includes data blocks. The stagger multiplexer processes the first and the second streams of digital data concurrently to output a combined stream of digital data. The stagger demultiplexer processes the combined stream of digital data to output a first and a second stream of extrinsic digital data.

Abstract: Optimized scanning for EPG data in the streams is provided by performing interim scans based on user data. The user data is gathered based on services accessed by one or more users of the device. The streams are then ranked according to the data and a scan threshold of a subset of streams to scan is defined. A interim scan occurs on a subset of streams up to the threshold streams after a first time interval after which scanning may end.

Abstract: A method for transmitting messages via a time-controlled communication system (ZK) between a number of IP cores is provided. Each IP core has an information-processing subsystem (IVS) and a network controller (NK). Each NK has at least two interfaces, one for the ZK and a one for the IVS, wherein a distinction is drawn between privileged and non-privileged messages of the ZK, and where the transmission parameters relating to the ZK of a port of the NK, such as the periodically recurring transmission time of a message and the maximum transmission duration after each transmission time, can be set by a privileged message via the ZK or directly by a privileged entity. Each NK intending to transmit a message starts to transmit the message autonomously exactly at the time of the next set transmission time and interrupts the transmission process no later than the assigned maximum transmission duration has elapsed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adaptive modulation scheme and apparatus thereof using an Analog/Digital (AJO) converter with variable bit resolution or clock frequency, the A/D converter including a transmitter including a modulator to modulate data to be transmitted according to a modulation scheme received from a receiver, an A/D converter to convert the modulated data into an analog signal using a bit resolution or a clock frequency received from the receiver, and a radio frequency (RF) processor to transmit the analog signal to the receiver through a wireless channel and a receiver including an RF processor to receive data through a wireless channel, a calculator to calculate a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the data received through the RF processor, and a modulation controller to search a predetermined setting table for a corresponding modulation scheme and bit resolution using the calculated SNR and to transmit to a transmitter.

Abstract: A radio transmitter select its operating frequency based on the frequency characteristics of a collocated receiver and clock harmonics. The radio transmitter can dynamically change its operating frequency in a wide enough range so as to avoid frequencies where its spurs fall on the receive frequency of the collocated receiver. The frequency characteristics of the clock harmonic of the radio transmitter and the collocated receiver are obtained, then a range of operating frequencies is calculated to enable the collocated devices to operate without undue interference.

Abstract: A system and method for synchronous spectrum sharing for use in a wireless communication system based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) signaling is disclosed. The system includes a frame detector configured to detect a frame of a broadcast waveform and extract sub-carrier information from the frame. Sub-carrier information may include information on usable sub-carrier and pilot sub-carriers for secondary users. The system allows transmitting data from the secondary user node in unused sub-carriers thereby making efficient use of unused or idle spectrum. Accordingly, secondary users of wireless communication systems can dynamically form ad-hoc mesh network communications in fixed or mobile scenarios.

Abstract: To correct a sensor data acquisition time with a simple hardware configuration, provided is a wireless sensor-network system including: a base station; and a plurality of sensing terminal nodes, the base station transmitting a beacon at predetermined intervals to the plurality of sensing terminal nodes, the plurality of sensing terminal nodes measuring data and transmitting, based on a reception of the beacon transmitted from the base station, the sensor data thus obtained to the base station, in which the plurality of sensing terminal nodes obtain, based on an internal clock, a time at which the beacon is received and transmit the time to the base station, and the base station corrects, based on the reception time transmitted from each of the plurality of sensing terminal nodes, the sensor data acquisition time.

Abstract: Multi-user (MU-) MIMO systems with quantized feedback are designed to maximize the sum-rate via scheduling and linear precoding. To maximize throughput over the network, quantized CSIT is sent through a low-rate feedback link feedback from a plurality of users back to a base station. The base station then determines a subset of the plurality of users to transmit one or more signals to based on the received feedback and determines a preceding matrix based on the received feedback from the plurality of users wherein the precoding matrix maximizes a sum-rate throughput for the subset of the plurality of users. Additionally, based on the received feedback, the base station designs a quantization codebook. This codebook may be designed off-line and/or online. The codebook and/or precoding matrix are used to transmit signals to the users.

Abstract: In the sending of data in a network from a sending node to a receiving node via a relay node, the receiving node sends a notification arranged to notify both the sending node and receiving node of receipt of data at the receiving node. Notifications acknowledge that the data has been correctly received over each individual stage of transmission, and further acknowledge to the sending node that data has been correctly transmitted over the whole transmission path and received at the receiving node. The burden on the network of sending acknowledgments is reduced while notifications of data transmission over single stages and over the whole transmission path are provided.

Abstract: In an OFDM reception apparatus, a Fourier transform unit segments a time-domain signal in an OFDM signal in accordance with a segmenting window signal and converts the time-domain signal into a frequency-domain signal. A first signal extraction unit extracts pilot signals periodically arranged in a frequency direction and in a time direction from an output from the Fourier transform unit. A second signal extraction unit extracts differential reference signals from an output from the Fourier transform unit. A delay profile detection unit performs delay profile detection using the output from the second signal extraction unit, and performs delay profile detection on the output from the first signal extraction unit within a range limited on the basis of a result of the detection. A synchronous reproduction unit generates the segmenting window signal using an output from the delay profile detection unit.

Abstract: A message is efficiently relayed in a cut-through mode to a communication line of the transmission destination of a transmission rate higher than that of the communication line of the recipient while preventing the state that there is no data to be transmitted. A vehicle-mounted relay connection unit is used to relay messages received through first CAN communication lines to a second CAN communication line of a transmission rate higher than that of the first transmission lines in a cut-though mode.

Abstract: A master device for an Ethernet system is disclosed. The master device includes a receiver, a buffer, a phase lock loop unit, and a transmitter. The receiver is used for generating phase adjustment data according to transmission data sent by a slave device when the master device operates during a switch mode. The buffer is coupled to the receiver for accumulating the phase adjustment data and outputting a phase adjustment value. The phase lock loop unit is coupled to the buffer for adjusting the phase of an output clock according to the phase adjustment value to maintain a fixed phase difference between the recovery clock and the output clock. The transmitter is used for transmitting initialization data to the slave device according to the output clock.

Abstract: Messages transmitted between a receiver and a transmitter are used to maximize a communication data rate. In particular, a multicarrier modulation system uses messages that are sent from the receiver to the transmitter to exchange one or more sets of optimized communication parameters. The transmitter then stores these communication parameters and when transmitting to that particular receiver, the transmitter utilizes the stored parameters in an effort to maximize the data rate to that receiver. Likewise, when the receiver receives packets from that particular transmitter, the receiver can utilize the stored communication parameters for reception.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system that provides underwater data transfer to an underwater communications network operable to carry a high bandwidth multiplexed data stream. The cabled network includes at least one data access point having an access point electromagnetic transceiver; and at least one remote client system comprising a client electromagnetic transceiver. The at least one data access point transfers data between said cabled network and said client electromagnetic transceiver via one of inductive magnetic and electromagnetic signals carried through the water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for locating a data frame. The method mainly includes: allocating a framing state machine to each byte of a data stream within a current clock cycle; respectively starting, by the framing state machines, hunting for data frames from respective corresponding bytes, and obtaining a plurality of data frame hunt results; and selecting one hunt result from the plurality of data frame hunt results according to a data frame hunt result within a previous clock cycle as a data frame hunt result within the current clock cycle.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is directed to a system comprising a plurality of connector assemblies. Each of the connector assemblies is configured to read information stored on or in physical communication media that is connected to the ports of the respective connector assembly. The system further comprises an aggregation point communicatively coupled to the plurality of connector assemblies. The aggregation point is configured to automatically discover the connector assemblies and cause each of the connector assemblies to send to the aggregation point at least some of the information read from the physical communication media that is connected to the ports of the respective connector assemblies. The aggregation point is configured to store at least some of the information sent by the connector assemblies to the aggregation point. A reliable packet-based communication protocol is used by the aggregation point to monitor events occurring at at least one connector assembly.

Abstract: An operating method for a media stream transmission key includes: detecting, by a media gateway, lifetime status information of a media stream transmission key; and when the media gateway determines that a lifetime of the media stream transmission key expires, executing, by the media gateway, a media stream transmission key lifetime expiry behavior according to an instruction of a media gateway controller. The embodiments of the present invention fill a technical gap that an operation is performed on a lifetime status of a media stream transmission key in an architecture where an MG and an MGC are separated.

Abstract: A method for transmitting and receiving a precoded signal in a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) communication system is provided. In the method, a preceding matrix is selected from a codebook including one or more preceding matrices of each rank, each of the preceding matrices including a unitary matrix modified by an antenna selection element. A signal for transmission is then precoded by applying the selected preceding matrix to the signal for transmission and the precoded signal is transmitted through a selected antenna.

Abstract: A system for managing communications with a provider is disclosed. A provider includes a provider binding. A requestor requests a requested binding. An intervening access node is in electronic communication with the provider and the requestor. The intervening access node includes program instructions stored in memory and implementing a method for managing communications with a provider. The provider binding is received from the provider. The provider binding is stored. A request signal sent from the requestor specifies the requested binding. It is determined whether the requested binding is provided by the provider. The request signal is sent to the provider only if it is determined that the requested binding is provided by the provider.

Abstract: System(s) and method(s) are provided to determine a home macro sector linked to a femto access point and adjust inter-carrier scanning in a mobile device that operates in the home macro sector. A femto access point (AP) can determine a home macro sector through cell or sector identifier that is extracted via scan(s) of macro wireless environment of the femto AP. Femto AP can rank extracted sector identifier(s) and establish home macro sector (HMS) identifier(s), and also can generate scanning requirements for idle-mode scan(s) by mobile device(s) that operates in a HMS. Scanning requirement(s) can force periodic inter-carrier measurements of a HMS wireless environment, and establish HMS-specific radio link quality threshold(s). Wireless network can receive at least one of HMS identifier(s) and scanning requirement(s) and deliver same to mobile device(s) authorized to exploit wireless coverage through femto AP associated with the HMS ID(s) and the scanning requirement(s).

Abstract: It is characterized in that, maintaining the sampling frequency of the digital-analog converter of the transmitter and the analog-digital converter of the receiver, the bandwidth, the spectral position of the OFDM signal, the shape of the spectrum of the OFDM signal that is transmitted, the level of the spectrum of the OFDM signal that is transmitted, or any combination of the above, are selectively and independently varied for the transmission path and for the reception path, in order to permit the configuration of the spectrum of the OFDM signal in terms of bandwidth, position in frequency and power transmitted for being adapted to the regulations of different countries and to the channels found in the different sections of the electrical network. All these changes are carried out without affecting the analog components of the system, in other words, with the same physical implementation.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for managing access to a network resource on a network from a mobile device, the method including the steps of intercepting a data stream from the mobile device attempting to access the network resource, extracting information from the intercepted data stream relating to at least one of the mobile device or a user of the mobile device, accessing at least one of enterprise service based information and third party information regarding at least one of the mobile device or the user of the mobile device, determining whether the mobile device is authorized to access the network resource, preparing an access decision that specifies whether the mobile device is authorized to access the network resource, and storing the access decision in a database on the network.

Abstract: A system and a method of time information synchronization as well as related apparatuses are disclosed to improve precision of frequency synchronization or time synchronization. The application port subsystem in the information synchronization system is configured to: generate at least one local clock according to a locally running real-time clock, and provide the local clock for a core subsystem; and the core subsystem is configured to: select a best system clock according to attributes of the clock provided by the application port subsystem, and send the best system clock to the application port subsystem, where: the application port subsystem calibrates the real-time clock according to the best system clock provided by the core subsystem in order to perform frequency synchronization and/or time synchronization. The embodiments of the present invention improve the precision of frequency synchronization or time synchronization effectively.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for generating a data frame. The method includes generating subframes from at least one media access control (MAC) service data unit (MSDU); generating a retransmission policy field for recording a policy related to a retransmission request, against an error occurring while the subframes are being transmitted, with regard to each of the subframes; and generating the data frame by using the subframes and the retransmission policy field which is generated with regard to each of the subframes.

Abstract: An HDMI(R) source determines whether or not an HDMI(R) sink can receive a sub-signal based on VSDB of E-EDID. When the HDMI(R) sink can receive the sub-signal, the HDMI(R) source adds a sub-signal to pixel data of a main image composed of pixel data whose number of bits is smaller than that of transmission pixel data transmitted by a transmitter, thereby constructing transmission pixel data. This data is transmitted by the transmitter through TMDS channels #0 to #2. Furthermore, the HDMI(R) source transmits a general control packet containing sub-signal information indicating whether or not the sub-signal is contained in the transmission pixel data in the control period of a vertical blanking period. The present invention can be applied to, for example, HDMI(R).

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a network device to transmit interactive TV services using minimally twisted or non-twisted pair cables including a controller to receive a very high digital subscriber line (VDSL) signal at the minimally twisted or non-twisted pair cable and adapt the VDSL signal for transmission over the minimally twisted or non-twisted pair cable to form an adapted VDSL signal which can subsequently be used for presentation of interactive TV services. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A first control data generation unit configured to generate first control data, a control data allocation processing unit configured to perform allocation processing for the first control data in order to reserve an area for the first control data in a frame memory, a data write control unit configured to write user data in an area in the frame memory except the area where the allocation processing is performed, and a transmission unit configured to transmit transmission data based on the data written in the frame memory are included, and the data write control unit writes the generated first control data in the area where the allocation processing is performed in the frame memory after generation of the first control data and after the allocation processing of the first control data and after writing the user data and before the transmission data is transmitted.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for providing access communications between customer locations and a core network service edge. Access flows are handled as carrier-tagged flows through a packet switched network comprising network elements that interpret and manipulate carrier tag values associated with traffic-bearing data frames.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for allocating and processing sequences in a communication system is disclosed. The method includes: dividing sequences in a sequence group into multiple sub-groups, each sub-group corresponding to its own mode of occupying time frequency resources; selecting sequences from a candidate sequence collection corresponding to each sub-group to form the sequences in the sub-group by: the sequences in a sub-group i in a sequence group k being composed of n sequences in the candidate sequence collection, the n sequences making a |ri/Ni?ck/Np1| or |(ri/Ni?ck/Np1) modu mk,i| function value the smallest, second smallest, till the nth smallest respectively; allocating the sequence group to cells, users or channels. It prevents the sequences highly correlated with the sequences of a specific length from appearing in other sequence groups, thus reducing interference, avoiding the trouble of storing the lists of massive sequence groups.

Abstract: An assignment section 101 determines communication resource assignment to communication terminals based on a transmission rate at which communication is possible for each subcarrier of each communication terminal, and instructs a buffer section 102 to output forward transmission data. In addition, the assignment section 101 instructs a frame creation section 103 to perform forward transmission data symbolization, and also outputs a signal indicating communication resource assignment to each communication terminal. The buffer section 102 holds forward transmission data, and outputs forward transmission data to the frame creation section 103 in accordance with instructions from the assignment section 101. The frame creation section 103 symbolizes a resource assignment signal and transmission data to create a frame, which it outputs to a spreading section 104.