Abstract: A method and composition for the reduction of the emission of selenium into the environment from the burning of fossil fuels with the use of two chemistries, either individually or in combination with each other. The method uses polydithiocarbamic compounds, including polydithiocarbamic compounds derived from a polymer produced from acrylic-x and alkylamine in conjunction with a scrubber process to capture selenium and reduce its emission in aqueous phase blowdown. The method and composition also helps reduce corrosion in the scrubber process.

Abstract: In the application a spray dryer absorption apparatus for treating a stream of flue gas containing acidic components is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a chamber having vertical cylindrical walls, said chamber comprises (i) an inlet for a flue gas stream containing an acidic component, (ii) an atomizer for spraying droplets of an absorbent slurry into said flue gas stream to effect a chemical reaction between the droplets and the acidic component of the flue gas, thereby forming a particulate reaction product, and (iii) an outlet for the treated flue gas and entrained particulate reaction product, wherein the bottom of the chamber having vertical cylindrical walls is substantially horizontal and impervious to gases. The apparatus of the invention has the advantage of a simplified geometry accounting for lower building and maintenance costs.

Abstract: A high capacity filtration media, method of preparing the media, and method of treating a fluid stream with the media are provided. The media contain a porous substrate impregnated with high concentrations of a permanganate. Preferably, the media includes a porous substrate impregnated with at least about 8% permanganate by weight. The media can optionally contain sodium bicarbonate. Improved capacity for the removal of undesirable compounds such as ethylene, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan are achieved.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a process for making a metal oxide composition. The present invention also relates to a process for making a coated metal oxide substrate.

Abstract: To achieve the removal of a broad spectrum of chemical hazards, multiple layers of impregnated activated carbon and nanocrystalline materials are incorporated into the adsorbent bed. For optimum performance using the least amount of material, a two-layer configuration is used. The top layer consists of a homogeneous mixture of an MgO/CaO based nanocrystalline material (e.g., Mg/Ca) and Kureha or other petroleum pitch-based bead shaped activated carbon impregnated treated with phosphoric acid. The bottom layer is comprised of a single layer of Calgon URC carbon. The volume ratios of the components are 9:5:11 Mg/Ca, phosphoric acid treated Kureha carbon, and URC, respectively. The new configuration leads to a 30% reduction in size of the existing NIOSH CBRN CAP 1 cartridge. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: Humic Acid is extracted and then can be used to treat flue gas and fly ash from the combustion of coal or municipal waste. The resulting product may be used as a soil ameliorant.

Abstract: The present invention describes a reactor (1) for continuously preparing hydrogen sulfide H2S from hydrogen and sulfur, comprising a distributor device (15) for distributing gaseous hydrogen in a sulfur melt (9) present at least in a lower part of the reactor. The distributor device (15) is arranged in the sulfur melt (9) and comprises a distributor plate (16) which is arranged in the reactor (1) and has an edge (17) extending downward and, if appropriate, has passage orifices (19). The hydrogen from a hydrogen bubble which forms below the distributor plate (16) is (for example through the passage orifices (19)) distributed in the sulfur melt (9) via the distributor plate (16).

Abstract: Methods of treating mercury contaminated gas comprising: introducing a hydrogen halide selected from HBr and HI into a mercury contaminated gas stream containing a quantity of particulate matter at an introduction rate sufficient to create a concentration of at least 0.1 ppmvd; wherein greater than 50% of all particulate matter in the mercury contaminated gas stream is a native particulate matter; contacting a quantity of active bromine with the native particulate matter; creating a doped particulate matter; coating a filtration media with the doped particulate matter; and passing a portion of the mercury contaminated gas stream through the doped particulate matter on the filtration media and other related methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing mercury emissions from fluid streams having a high concentration of sulfur oxide species are provided herein. In embodiments, mercury is removed from flue gas streams by injecting a dry admixture of a porous mercury adsorptive material and at least one dry agent into the flue gas stream.

Abstract: Dry processes, apparatus, compositions and systems are provided for reducing emissions of mercury and optionally sulfur oxides and/or HCl. In an embodiment the copper-based mercury remediation composition comprises a copper ammonium complex having an empirical formula of C2H7CuNO2 or any of the other materials described, which include compositions defined by the formula Cu(NH3)x((lower carboxylate)y, wherein the lower carboxylate is selected from the group consisting of formate, acetate and propionate, x is an integer from 0 to 4, y is an integer from 0 to 2, and x+y is equal to or greater than 1. Sulfur oxides and/or HCl can be additionally reduced by introduction of dolomite hydrate sorbent, and additional mercury remediation chemicals as manganese oxides can be employed. The treated gas stream is treated with a particulate removal device.

Abstract: Porous polymeric networks and composite materials comprising metal nanoparticles distributed in the polymeric networks are provided. Also provided are methods for using the polymeric networks and the composite materials in liquid- and vapor-phase waste remediation applications. The porous polymeric networks, are highly porous, three-dimensional structures characterized by high surface areas. The polymeric networks comprise polymers polymerized from aldehydes and phenolic molecules.

Abstract: A sorption apparatus for gas purification consists of a vertical flow column with gas tight walls, inlet and outlet filters, and a disintegrator producing reactive powder in the medium of the gas to be purified at ambient temperature, i.e. without forced heating or cooling. A process of sorption purification of gas flow using the sorption apparatus, where the reactive powder is produced as needed by mechanical milling of a monolithic ingot structure in the medium of the gas to be purified and a reactive sorption material. The composition of the sorption material corresponds to an eutectic on the basis of a reactive metal Me or an intermetallic compound MenM with a relatively low melting point, where M is the second metal and n 2:1, wherein the sorption material is obtained according to the above process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel micro or mesoporous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) which contain as ligands piperidine based phosphonic acids, as well as a method of synthesising such MOFs and uses of the MOFs themselves.

Abstract: A method for the removal of mercury from a stream of flue gas obtained from the combustion of at least one coal type having an ASTM D388 coal rank of <3 includes the steps of introducing a kaolin or metakaolin-containing sorbent into the stream of flue gas and contacting the mercury with the kaolin or metakaolin-containing sorbent at a point where both the kaolin or metakaolin-containing sorbent and active free silica are present in the stream. The temperature of the flue gas is at least 900° C. The active free silica content of the flue gas resulting from the combustion of the coal is supplemented by the introduction of added active free silica such that the weight percentage of the total amount of active free silica relative to the weight of kaolin or metakaolin is at least 10%, the weight of any kaolin being expressed as the weight of metakaolin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing mercury from mercury containing materials, such as feedstreams, natural gas streams, natural gas condensates, and so forth. The method involves passing a fluid (e.g., gas or liquid) stream containing mercury along a polymeric membrane contact module, while a cleaning or scrubbing solution passes along the other side of the membrane. The scrubbing solution facilitates removal of mercury from the first solution via, e.g., mercury reactive components contained in it.

Abstract: A method of modifying a chemical interaction between a functional group of an immobilized amine in a solid sorbent composition and a compound that chemically interacts with the functional group to reduce the heat required to desorb the compound from the solid sorbent. A method of inhibiting degradation of an immobilized amine in an immobilized amine solid sorbent. Compositions and methods of use of a low-cost regenerable immobilized amine solid sorbent resistant to degradation.

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction with ammonia or a compound that decomposes to ammonia is a known method for the removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of primarily lean-burn internal combustion engines. The vanadium-containing SCR catalysts that have long been generally used for this are characterized by a good conversion profile. However, the volatility of vanadium oxide can, at higher exhaust gas temperatures, lead to the emission of toxic vanadium compounds. Zeolite-based SCR catalysts, which are used in particular in discontinuous SCR systems, constitute a very cost-intensive solution for the problem. A method is proposed by which a homogeneous cerium-zirconium mixed oxide is activated for the SCR reaction in a defined manner by the introduction of sulphur and/or transition metal.

Abstract: A detoxifying agent and a detoxifying method are provided which have a high detoxifying ability in a detoxifying treatment of a discharge gas containing a volatile inorganic hydride and generating in a semiconductor production step. A zeolite is added to a solid metal hydroxide, a solid metal carbonate, a solid basic metal carbonate, or a mixture of these compounds to thereby obtain the detoxifying agent which has the excellent ability to detoxify a discharge gas containing volatile inorganic hydride. The zeolite to be added is a synthetic zeolite selected from zeolite Y, MFI zeolite, mordenite zeolite, beta zeolite, zeolite A, zeolite X, and zeolite L or is a natural zeolite.

Abstract: A gas analysis device according to the present invention includes a flue-gas extraction pipe for extracting flue gas from a flue gas duct to which flue gas including both of NH4Cl and SO3 is fed, a collector that is provided in the flue-gas extraction pipe, for removing soot dust contained in the extracted flue gas, a roll filter that is provided in the flue-gas extraction pipe, for depositing both of NH4Cl and SO3 contained in the flue gas, and a measurement device for measuring both of NH4Cl and SO3 contained in the flue gas by irradiating a sample including both of NH4Cl and SO3 deposited by the roll filter with X-rays and detecting fluorescent X-rays generated from the sample.

Abstract: The reductive removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas from internal combustion engines operated predominantly under lean conditionstakes place in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of the nitrogen oxides by means of ammonia or a compound which can be decomposed into ammonia as reducing agent. Conventional SCR catalysts typically have a relatively narrow working temperature window, usually 350° C. to 520° C., in which good nitrogen oxide conversions can be achieved with sufficient selectivity. SCR catalyst formulations whose working window is in the temperature range from 150° C. to 350° C. generally not be used at higher temperatures since they oxidize the ammonia required as reducing 18 agent to nitrogen oxides at above 350° C. To cover the entire exhaust gas temperature range typical of vehicles having been operating internal combustion enginesextending from 200° C. to 600° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon nanocomposite sorbents. The present invention provides carbon nanocomposite sorbents, methods for making the same, and methods for separation of a pollutant from a gas that includes that pollutant. Various embodiments provide a method for reducing the mercury content of a mercury-containing gas.

Abstract: A composite structure for capturing a gaseous electrophilic species, the composite structure comprising mesoporous refractory sorbent particles on which an ionic liquid is covalently attached, wherein said ionic liquid includes an accessible functional group that is capable of binding to said gaseous electrophilic species. In particular embodiments, the mesoporous sorbent particles are contained within refractory hollow fibers. Also described is a method for capturing a gaseous electrophilic species by use of the above-described composite structure, wherein the gaseous electrophilic species is contacted with the composite structure.

Abstract: This invention provides brominated sorbent compositions which are brominated inorganic sorbents having about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % bromine therein, based on the total weight of the brominated inorganic sorbent. Methods for preparing brominated sorbent compositions are also provided, as are methods for reducing mercury emissions employing brominated sorbents. In the methods for preparing the brominated inorganic sorbents, the bromine source is elemental bromine and/or hydrogen bromide.

Abstract: An air filter for purging unwanted substances from air, the air filter comprising: a filtration media; and at least one reactant attached to the filtration media. A method for purging unwanted substances from air, the method comprising: providing an air filter comprising: a filtration media; and at least one reactant attached to the filtration media; and passing the air which is to be filtered through the air filter so as to purge unwanted substances from the air.

Abstract: A system for removing components of a gaseous mixture is provided comprising: a reactor fluid containing vessel having conduits extending therefrom, aqueous fluid within the reactor, the fluid containing a ligand and a metal, and at least one reactive surface within the vessel coupled to a power source. A method for removing a component from a gaseous mixture is provided comprising exposing the gaseous mixture to a fluid containing a ligand and a reactive metal, the exposing chemically binding the component of the gaseous mixture to the ligand. A method of capturing a component of a gaseous mixture is provided comprising: exposing the gaseous mixture to a fluid containing a ligand and a reactive metal, the exposing chemically binding the component of the gaseous mixture to the ligand, altering the oxidation state of the metal, the altering unbinding the component from the ligand, and capturing the component.

Abstract: Several embodiments of high-efficiency catalytic converters and associated systems and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a catalytic converter for treating a flow of exhaust gas comprising a reaction chamber, a heating enclosure enclosing at least a portion of the reaction chamber, and an optional coolant channel encasing the heating enclosure. The reaction chamber can have a first end section through which the exhaust gas flows into the reaction chamber and a second end section from which the exhaust gas exits the reaction chamber. The heating enclosure is configured to contain heated gas along the exterior of the reaction chamber, and the optional coolant channel is configured to contain a flow of coolant around the heating enclosure. The catalytic converter can further include a catalytic element in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine includes providing an exhaust system having: an SCR catalytic converter, a reagent addition point upstream of the SCR catalytic converter for adding at least one of a reducing agent and a reducing agent precursor, and a structure which the exhaust gas can at least flow around and is disposed immediately downstream of the reagent addition point.

Abstract: The invention concerns in particular a method for purifying an input mixture comprising carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) and carbon monoxide (CO), to eliminate the carbon monoxide contained in said mixture, which consists in contacting, at a temperature higher than room temperature, the input mixture with a purifying material comprising at least one metal oxide, so as to bring about the reduction of the purifying material by the input mixture, leading to oxidization of at least part of the CO of the input mixture into CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The invention also concerns a gaseous chilling method and installation integrating such a purifying operation.

Abstract: A method for modifying the properties of a sorbent comprising washing a sorbent with a washing solution so as to achieve an exchange of ions between the sorbent and the washing solution, and applying a halogen compound to the sorbent that has been washed with the washing solution to achieve a predetermined concentration of the halogen on the sorbent.

Abstract: A method is provided for replacing at least a portion of the organic linker content of a zeolitic imidazolate framework composition. The method comprises exchanging the organic linker with another organic linker. Also provided is a new material, designated as EMM-19, and a method of using EMM-19 to adsorb gases, such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The method of making an acid-absorbing biosolid composition provides a method for the use of recycled materials to produce an acid-absorbing composition that may then be recycled as a fertilizer after absorbing the acid. The method includes the steps of: collecting sewage sludge; drying the sewage sludge to remove water therefrom to form dried sludge; adding hydrochloric acid to the dried sludge to form a liquid intermediary product; heating the liquid intermediary product to produce a dried porous biomass; and mixing inorganic waste material with the dried porous biomass to produce the acid-absorbing biosolid composition. Thereafter, the acid-absorbing biosolid composition may be placed in a gas flow to absorb an acidic component therefrom; and then recycled for use as fertilizer following absorption of the acidic component from the gas flow.

Abstract: Sorbent compositions containing halogen and calcium are added to coal to mitigate the release of sulfur and/or other harmful elements, including mercury, into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the present invention generates post-mercury oxidation exhaust gas by denitrating exhaust gas of a combustion apparatus, generates desulfurization drainage by desulfurizing the post-mercury oxidation exhaust gas, supplies the desulfurization drainage to the combustion apparatus, and controls a return amount, which is the amount of the desulfurization drainage reused for the desulfurization, based on a concentration of halogens in the desulfurization drainage. Such exhaust gas treatment apparatus can appropriately remove mercury from the exhaust gas, and can desulfurize the post-mercury oxidation exhaust gas more appropriately.

Abstract: A flue-gas purification system includes a flue-gas cycling system, a reactor, and an absorbent adding system having at least a catalytic absorbent, wherein the catalytic absorbent is being gasified for reacting with the flue-gas in the reactor in a homogenous gas-gas phase reacting manner. Therefore, the purification system has fast reaction rate between the pollutants of the flue-gas and the catalytic absorbent, which is preferably ammonia, to efficiently remove pollutants, so as to effectively purify the flue-gas.

Abstract: A process for removing acid gases from a water vapour-containing fluid stream comprises a) providing an absorption liquid which is incompletely miscible with water; b) treating the fluid stream in an absorption zone with the absorption liquid to obtain an acid gas-depleted treated fluid stream and an acid gas-loaded absorption liquid; c) directing the treated fluid stream to a rehydration zone and treating the fluid stream with an aqueous liquid to volatilize at least part of the aqueous liquid; d) regenerating the loaded absorption liquid to expel the acid gases at least in part and obtain a regenerated absorption liquid, and directing the regenerated absorption liquid to step b); and e) separating, from the absorption liquid, an aqueous liquid that has condensed in the absorption zone, and directing the aqueous liquid to step c). The process allows for an efficient removal of water accumulated in the absorption liquid system.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst using an additive layer method includes: (i) forming a layer of a powdered catalyst or catalyst support material, (ii) binding or fusing the powder in said layer according to a predetermined pattern, (iii) repeating (i) and (ii) layer upon layer to form a shaped unit, and (iv) optionally applying a catalytic material to said shaped unit.

Abstract: Catalysts, methods of preparing catalyst, and methods for treating exhaust gas streams are described. In one or more embodiments, a catalyst system includes an upstream zone effective to catalyze the conversion of a mixture of NOx and NH3 to N2, and a downstream zone effective for the conversion of ammonia to N2 in the presence or absence of NOx. In an embodiment, a method for preparing a catalyst system includes: first coating one end of a substrate along at least 5% of its length with an undercoat washcoat layer containing a material composition effective to catalyze the removal of ammonia; second coating with an overcoat layer containing a material composition effective to catalyze the conversion of a mixture of NOx and NH3 to N2.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions.

Abstract: Circulating dry scrubbing (CDS) systems and methods utilizes a particle classification unit operation to separate unreacted sorbent (such as lime, limestone, or sodium-based sorbent) such that a reactive fraction of the cut stream may be selectively recovered to a flue gas scrubbing system. This reduces the amount of fresh sorbent that must be supplied for pollutant removal.

Abstract: A method for reducing the levels of nitrogen oxides in the tail gas from a nitric acid production process by adding ozone to the absorber column of the production process. Nitric acid formation is also intensified by adding a mixture of secondary air and oxygen to the absorber column.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a system for delivery of a target material and/or energy. The system includes a source configured to provide a mixture containing the target material and a non-target material, a delivery conduit coupled to the source to receive the mixture from the source, and an in-line extraction device concentric to the delivery conduit. The in-line extraction device is configured to selectively extract the target material and/or energy from the mixture in the delivery conduit and to delivery it to a downstream facility.

Abstract: Disclosed is an inorganic material that can exhibit an excellent photocatalytic gas decomposition function while maintaining an abrasion resistance on a level that is usually required of this type of inorganic materials. The inorganic material includes an inorganic material base and a photocatalyst layer that is formed by firing and is provided on the surface of the inorganic material base, the photocatalyst layer containing: photocatalyst particles; zirconia particles having a BET specific surface area of not less than 10 m2/g or crystalline zirconia particles having a mean crystallite diameter of less than 20 nm; and an alkali silicate. The inorganic material including the photocatalyst layer exhibits a high photocatalytic gas decomposition function while maintaining an abrasion resistance on a level that is usually required of this type of inorganic materials.

Abstract: A promoted activated carbon sorbent is described that is highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The sorbent comprises a new modified carbon form containing reactive forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the sorbent, or to the flue gas to enhance sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described.

Abstract: Regenerator and process for regenerative thermal oxidation of offgases comprising halooganosilocon compounds in which offgases are heated in the regenerator, fed to an oxidation zone present in the regenerator to oxidize the haloorganosilicon compounds to SiO2 and hydrogen halides which form a flue gas which is then cooled in the generator to a temperature below its acid dew point and is discharged.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the quantity of pollutant in waste gases, in particular for reducing the quantity of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas of a coal-fired power plant is provided. The process includes the steps of, introducing the waste gas into a catalyzer, to which a quantity of catalytic reduction agent is supplied, measuring the quantity of pollutant at the outlet of the catalyzer, and setting the quantity of pollutant to a setpoint value smaller than a limit value to be complied with, by varying the quantity of reduction agent supplied, wherein the setting of the quantity of pollutant is dynamically regulated as a function of mean values over time, for example half-hour or quarter-hour mean values, of the measured quantity of pollutant determined regularly beforehand.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for reducing contaminants from industrial processes. More particularly, the invention is directed to a method of sequestering pollutants from flue gases in operational plants. The method includes sequestering contaminants from a point source by reacting an alkaline material with a flue gas containing contaminants to be sequestered, wherein the reaction has a rapid mass transfer rate to sequester at least a portion of the contaminants.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and material for using a sorbent material to capture and stabilize mercury. The method for using sorbent material to capture and stabilize mercury contains the following steps. First, the sorbent material is provided. The sorbent material, in one embodiment, is nano-particles. In a preferred embodiment, the nano-particles are unstabilized nano-Se. Next, the sorbent material is exposed to mercury in an environment. As a result, the sorbent material captures and stabilizes mercury from the environment. In the preferred embodiment, the environment is an indoor space in which a fluorescent has broken.

Abstract: A method of removing mercury from a fluid stream comprising contacting the fluid stream with a sorbent comprising cupric sulfide. The cupric sulfide is formed from direct sulfidation of copper carbonate, without thermal decomposition of the copper carbonate to an oxide, at a temperature less than about 150° C.

Abstract: A flue gas adsorbent and method for making an adsorbent for mercury capture are disclosed. The adsorbent comprises an admixture of an adsorptive material and an additive that have been physically combined thereby eliminating the need for traditional impregnation. A method for removing mercury from a flue gas stream is also disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provide and device and method to facilitate the treatment of chlorine bypass dust while preventing increases in chemical cost and concentrations of heavy metals in clinker, and ensuring stability in quality of cement, and to treat chlorine bypass exhaust gas while avoiding coating troubles in a cement kiln etc., and preventing heat losses in a preheater etc., without degradation of clinker production amount.