Abstract: 1. A particular solution must be made that by removing both Oxygen and 2 Hydrogen will form what you want. You may have to hydrogenate double bonds so you can keep removing one oxygen and 2 hydrogen(keep Hydrogen, reform). You may want to use Platinumn.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and formula for producing a fuel having reduced particulate emissions from an internal combustion engine. The fuel taught herein is characterized as having a cetane number ranging from about 45 to about 65, a T95 distillation property of less than about 370° C.

Abstract: A blended fuel, useful as a diesel fuel, wherein the fuel blend contains an undercut conventional diesel fuel, blended with a Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel fuel, such that the blend demonstrates better than expected emissions and a reduced sulfur content. In particular, the blend is an asymmetric diesel fuel blend comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon distillate having a T95 of at least 600° F., blended with a petroleum derived hydrocarbon distillate having an initial boiling point and a T95 no greater than 640° F.

Abstract: A fast burning, gasoline type composition for spark ignited internal combustion engines having a ASTM D-86, 90% distillation temperature of 310° F. or less and an octane number (R+M)/2 of 82 or less that can be used with a reduced spark advance in the engines to effect a reduction in NOx exhaust emissions. Also disclosed is a gasoline having low octane (82-87) which can be used interchangeably in engines having a reduced spark advance and in engines having conventional spark advance.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a composition and method for increasing the amount of cetane in fuel. More specifically, it was discovered that the amount of cetane in fuel can be increased by mixing a fuel additive comprising &bgr;-carotene that was prepared in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of deactivatable biocides for hydrocarbonaceous products, in particular, rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous products. The present invention also relates to methods of inhibiting growth and reproduction of microorganisms in hydrocarbonaceous products, in particular, in rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous products, containing minor amounts of aqueous liquids. The deactivatable biocides of the present invention may be derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process.

Abstract: Diesel fuels or blending stocks having excellent lubricity, oxidative stability and high cetane number are produced from non-shifting Fischer-Tropsch processes by separating the Fischer-Tropsch product into a lighter and heavier fractions, e.g., at about 700° F., subjecting the 700° F.+ fraction to hydro-treating, and combining the 700° F.− portion of the hydrotreated product with the lighter fraction that has not been hydrotreated.

Abstract: A gasoline is provided that includes a plant oil extract, &bgr;-carotene, and jojoba oil. The gasoline exhibits reduced emissions of undesired components during combustion of the fuel. A method for preparing the gasoline is also provided.

Abstract: The combustion chamber of a high speed, two stroke or four stroke, internal combustion engine is provided with a generally homogeneous mixture of combustion air and two types of fuel, one having a high resistance to ignition (high octane), the other having a low resistance to ignition (high cetane), the fuels being supplied in a ratio which optimizes combustion for varying operating conditions. A high cetane fuel may also be injected into the combustion chamber to initiate the combustion in the form of rapidly propagating, multiple flame fronts. Moderate combustion pressures, rates of combustion pressure rise and low levels of combustion knock are generated. High compression pressures and little or no combustion air throttling are employed allowing high levels of thermal efficiency, fuel efficiency, output power and low levels of exhaust emissions. Low cost engine applications employ slightly lower compression pressures and an electrical spark to initiate combustion.

Abstract: The inventions relate to light oil compositions comprising a base oil, not less than 0.01% by volume of a light oil resulting from catalytic cracking and 20 to 200 ppm (on the weight basis) of a lubricity improver, with a total sulfur content of not more than 0.05% by weight, characterized in that the light oil resulting from catalytic cracking contains (1) not less than 25% by volume of bicyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds and (2) not less than 5% by volume of tricyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds. These compositions have a sulfur content of not more than 0.05% by weight and is excellent in lubricant performance.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a composition and method for increasing the amount of cetane in fuel. More specifically, it was discovered that the amount of cetane in fuel can be increased by mixing a fuel additive comprising &bgr;-carotene that was prepared in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for producing a diesel fuel stock from bitumen uses steam and a hydroisomerized diesel fraction produced by a gas conversion process, to respectively stimulate the bitumen production and increase the cetane number of a hydrotreated diesel fuel fraction produced by upgrading the bitumen, to form a diesel stock. The diesel stock is used for blending and forming diesel fuel.

Abstract: A method of converting graphite from solid state to a gaseous state and further processing the gas to produce liquid fuel. The gasification of the graphite is achieved by using electrolysis under seawater.

Abstract: A reformulated diesel fuel meeting the requirements of ASTM D975-96a for a low-sulfur number 2 diesel fuel and providing reduced emission benefits relative to a certified diesel fuel, certified under Section 2282(g) Title 13, California Code of Regulations and containing less than 15 volume percent aromatics having a natural cetane number of at least 55, a sulfur content less than 15 ppmw, a nitrogen content less than 10 ppmw, a polycyclic aromatics content no greater than 1.5 weight percent and an initial boiling point of at least 350° F. and a method for producing and using the reformulated diesel fuel.

Abstract: Materials and methods for inhibiting the formation of filamentous coke on heated metal surfaces. Organoselenium compounds, including diarylselenides, diaryldiselenides, alkylarylselenides, and alkylaryldiselenides, are employed as hydrocarbon feedstock additives or as hydrocarbon fuel additives to inhibit filamentous coke formation on hydrocarbon processing systems, including reactors, furnaces, engines and parts thereof and in particular to inhibit filamentous coke formation on heat-exchangers in such systems.

Abstract: The formation of deposits on the injectors of gasoline direct injection engines controlled by combustion in said engine of a fuel comprising a gasoline containing about 12 to 65 vol% aromatics when the aromatics present in the fuel are attributable to the presence in the fuel of light fluid cat cracker stream product, reformate or a mixture thereof, preferably predominantly reformate.

Abstract: Provide is a novel gasoline composition which is substantially free of oxygenates and is in compliance with the California Predictive Model. The gasoline composition is suitable for use in the winter months, i.e., having a Reid vapor pressure in the range of greater than 7.0 to about 15.0 psi. The method for blending the gasoline comprises blending streams from a refinery in a controlled manner to maintain compliance with the California Predictive Model.

Abstract: Provided is an unleaded gasoline fuel which is substantially free of oxygenates, i.e., the fuel contains less than 1.0 weight percent oxygen based on the total weight of the fuel composition, and most preferably contains no oxygen containing compounds. The gasoline fuel of the present invention also has a Reid vapor pressure of less than 7.5 psi, a sulfur content of less than 30 ppmw, and more preferably less than 20 ppmw sulfur, and an aromatic hydrocarbon content greater than 30 volume percent and/or a 50% D-86 Distillation Point greater than 220° F. and/or a 90% D-86 Distillation Point greater than 330° F. The gasoline fuel preferably also has an olefin content of no greater than 8 volume percent, and more preferably 5 volume percent or less. It has been found that such a gasoline fuel offers a substantially oxygenate free gasoline which avoids the environmental impact of oxygenates, yet when combusted in an internal combustion automobile provides good performance and good emissions.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of chemical industrial feedstock and high-octane fuel, wherein calcium phosphate which is controlled in the molar Ca/P ratio and/or one which contains an activating metal (M) at a molar (Ca+M)/P ratio of 1 to 2 is used as the catalyst and ethanol is used as the feedstock.

Abstract: A special fuel is formulated for use with diesel engines which are used infrequently in emergency situations.

Abstract: A special fuel is formulated for use with diesel engines, which are employed to power vehicles such as trucks, buses, tractors and boats.

Abstract: A special fuel is formulated for use with diesel engines, which are employed to power vehicles such as trucks, buses, tractors and boats.

Abstract: A special fuel is formulated for use with diesel engines, which are employed to power vehicles such as trucks, buses, tractors and boats.

Abstract: This invention provides a base fuel oil, having improved response to lubricity additives, for diesel fuel oil characterized by (1) sulfur content of 0.03 wt % or less, (2) nitrogen content of 35 wt. ppm or less, (3) density of 0.835 g/cm3 or less and (4) solubility parameter of 7.00 to 8.10, and also provides a diesel fuel oil composition comprising the above base fuel oil incorporated with a lubricity additive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an additive for a fuel for the neutralization of SO2 and/or SO3 in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines operated with the fuel, and a method for the neutralization of SO2 and/or SO3 in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. According to the invention, the additive contains one or more metal compounds soluble in the fuel. In the combustion of the fuel these compounds form stable sulfates which are present in solid particles in the exhaust gas. The method of the invention is characterized in that one or more of these additives are added to the fuel and the combustion of the fuel takes place in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for predicting an intrinsic property of a mixture comprising at least two components by: (a) selecting components and an equation; wherein the equation relates amounts of the components to the intrinsic property of the mixture; (b) selecting experimental compositions, each of which comprises at least one of the components; (c) measuring a correlational property of each of the experimental compositions by a correlational technique; and (d) determining a set of coefficients for the equation; wherein in the equation, each of the coefficients is multiplied by a concentration of a component or a product of concentrations of two or more components.

Abstract: The invention relates to combustion catalyst compositions which when blended into liquid hydrocarbon-base fuels reduce deposits in fuel combustion systems, inhibit corrosion in fuel systems and facilitate a more efficient oxidation of fuel. The combustion catalyst compositions comprise a surface-active/emulsifier agent, a lubricating oil and a liquid saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+2 wherein n is from 14 to 17.

Abstract: Diesel fuels which have good ignition qualities, good combustion emission performance and good low temperature characteristics are characterized by a cetane number of at least 45, a total aromatics content of 10 to 15 wt. pct., a polynuclear aromatics content of less than 11 wt. pct., a sulfur content of not more than 50 ppmw, a total nitrogen content (from all sources) of not more than 100 ppmw, and excellent low temperature flow properties as manifested by a pour point not higher than -12.degree. C. and a cloud point not higher than -10.degree. C.

Abstract: Provided is an unleaded gasoline fuel which is substantially free of oxygenates, i.e., the fuel contains less than 1.0 weight percent oxygen based on the total weight of the fuel composition, and most preferably contains no oxygen containing compounds. The gasoline fuel of the present invention also has a Reid vapor pressure of less than 7.5 psi, a sulfur content of less than 30 ppmw, and more preferably less than 20 ppmw sulfur, and an aromatic hydrocarbon content greater than 30 volume percent and/or a 50% D-86 Distillation Point greater than 220.degree. F. and/or a 90% D-86 Distillation Point greater than 330.degree. F. The gasoline fuel preferably also has an olefin content of no greater than 8 volume percent, and more preferably 5 volume percent or less. It has been found that such a gasoline fuel offers a substantially oxygenate free gasoline which avoids the environmental impact of oxygenates, yet when combusted in an internal combustion automobile provides good performance and good emissions.

Abstract: An emergency fuel for internal combustion engines which is stable for storage for a year or more. The fuel is a mixture of two fractions of refined mineral spirits. The fuel has a desired octane number. A biocide is added to the fuel. The fuel is stored in a plastic container which has been treated in an environment of fluorine gas. A method of packaging the emergency fuel is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for using emergency fuel for internal combustion engines which is stable for storage for a year or more. The fuel is a mixture of two fractions of refined mineral spirits, one fraction being aliphatic hydrocarbons, the other fraction being aromatic hydrocarbons. Varying the relative content of the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon mineral spirits provides a fuel with the desired octane number. A biocide is added to the mineral spirits.

Abstract: Disclosed is an economical process for treating a large amount of plastics waste in which thermoplastics, crosslinked plastics, thermosetting plastics or a mixture thereof can be continuously and rapidly degraded and converted into oil without sorting various types of plastics waste. According to this process, powdered plastics obtained by grinding thermoplastics, crosslinked plastics, thermosetting plastics or a mixture thereof is mixed with water to form a slurry, and a dispersing agent such as a water-absorbing resin, a water-soluble polymer or a surface-active agent is added thereto. The resulting mixed slurry is fed to a tubular continuous reactor where the powdered plastics is degraded under reaction conditions causing the water to be in or near its supercritical region. Finally, oil is recovered from the reaction product.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing carbonyl sulfide out of a H.sub.2 O-containing fluid stream, such as petrochemical vent gas, air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrocarbons, by determining how much carbon monoxide is present in the fluid stream; adding carbon monoxide to the fluid stream to obtain a carbon monoxide to carbonyl sulfide volume ratio of at least 1:1 and to also convert the carbonyl sulfide into hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, and passing the hydrogen sulfide containing fluid through a hydrogen sulfide removal system, so as to obtain a fluid substantially free from carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A special fuel is formulated for use with diesel engines which are used infrequently in emergency situations.

Abstract: A process for producing distillate fuels, such as diesel fuels and jet fuels having both high lubricity and low sulfur levels. Such fuels are produced by fractionating a distillate feedstream into a light fraction which is relatively low in lubricity and which contains from about 50 to 100 wppm of sulfur and a heavy fraction having a relatively high lubricity. The first fraction is hydrotreated to remove substantially all of the sulfur and is then blended with the second fraction to produce a distillate fuel product having relatively low sulfur levels and a relatively high lubricity.

Abstract: A fast burning, gasoline type composition for spark ignited internal combustion engines having a ASTM D-86, 90% distillation temperature of 310.degree. F. or less and an octane number (R+M)/2 of 80 or less that can be used with a reduced spark advance in the engines to effect a reduction in NOx exhaust emissions.

Abstract: An emergency fuel for internal combustion engines is stable for storage for a year or more. The emergency fuel is stored in a container which has an outlet sealed with a removable seal. The container is prevented from being reused for storage after the seal is removed. The fuel is a mixture of two fractions of refined mineral spirits, one fraction being 58-50% by weight and having 0% aromatics, the other fraction being 42-50% by weight and having 100% aromatics. A biocide is added to the mineral spirits.

Abstract: A dendrimer-based cold flow additive material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid hydrocarbon fuel composition comprising a major amount of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and, as identifiable marker, a detectable amount of at least one C.sub.7-20 hydrocarbon containing at least one non-aromatic carbocyclic ring of at least 7 ring carbon atoms; and a method of modifying a liquid hydrocarbon fuel which comprises adding to the fuel, as identifiable marker, a detectable amount of at least one C.sub.7-20 hydrocarbon containing at least one non-aromatic carbocyclic ring of at least 7 ring carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method and composition for improving the mechanical efficiency of a engine is provided. Ultra-high molecular weight polyisobutylene (PIB) added to the fuel changes the momentary mechanical properties of the fuel during induction. The additive provides a more uniform spray droplet size, increases the extensional viscosity of the fuel, and adapts other physical properties, under induction conditions.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for forming a sorbent-metal complex. The process includes oxidizing a sorbent precursor and contacting the sorbent precursor with a metallic species. The process further includes chemically reacting the sorbent precursor and the metallic species, thereby forming a sorbent-metal complex. In one particular aspect of the invention, at least a portion of the sorbent precursor is transformed into sorbent particles during the oxidation step. These sorbent particles then are contacted with the metallic species and chemically reacted with the metallic species, thereby forming a sorbent-metal complex. Another aspect of the invention is directed to a process for forming a sorbent-metal complex in a combustion system. The process includes introducing a sorbent precursor into a combustion system and subjecting the sorbent precursor to an elevated temperature sufficient to oxidize the sorbent precursor and transform the sorbent precursor into sorbent particles.

Abstract: An additive for hydrocarbon fuels comprising a demulsifier, a wax dispersant, and a naphthenic oil. The additive of the present invention has been found to decrease ignition times, increase power, and reduce fuel consumption, reduce emissions prevent static rust over extended time periods, and improves cold temperature flowability.

Abstract: An emergency alternative fuel for internal combustion engines is stable for storage for a year or more. The alternative fuel is stored in a container which has an outlet sealed with a removable seal. The container is prevented from being reused for storage after the seal is removed. The fuel is a refined mineral spirits and may have 0-30% by volume mixed isomers of primary amyl alcohol blended therewith. A biocide is added to the mineral spirits.

Abstract: A process for producing additive compositions, especially via a Fischer-Tropsch reaction, useful for improving the cetane number or lubricity, or both the cetane number and lubricity, of a mid-distillate, diesel fuel. In producing the additive, the product of a Fischer-Tropsch reaction is separated into a high boiling fraction and a low boiling, e.g., a 700.degree. F.- fraction. The high boiling fraction is hydroisomerized at conditions sufficient to convert it to a 700.degree. F.- low boiling fraction, the latter being blended with the 700.degree. F.- fraction and the diesel additive is recovered therefrom.

Abstract: A high aromatic, low sulfur No. 2-D diesel fuel, which, upon combustion, provides emission benefits at least equivalent to a 10 vol. % aromatics, low sulfur diesel fuel contains, in addition to more than 10 vol. % aromatics, at least one of(1) a Cetane number less than 55;(2) a nitrogen content of at least 500 ppmw;(3) a sulfur content of at least 250 ppmw; and(4) a polycyclic aromatics content of at least 5.0 wt. %.

Abstract: Additives for LPG fuels which reduce fouling, thereby increasing fuel efficiency while reducing particulates and carbon monoxide emissions, are provided. The additive compositions are produced from commonly available low cost products and comprise about 97.3 to 99.4 volume percent of a petroleum hydrocarbon which is a mixture of middle petroleum distillates and petroleum naphtha, about 0.3 to 1.5 volume percent of methanol and 0.3 to 1.2 volume percent ethoxylated alkylphenol. Optional components, such as upper cylinder lubricants, odorants and antiwear agents, may also be included in the additive composition.

Abstract: An additive concentrate has at least one nitrogen-containing deposit control additive, a solvent, and at least one tagging material. The tagging material has a number average molecular weight of at least 15,000 and a weight average to number average molecular weight ratio of less than 1.5. The tagging material has a molecular weight distribution that is sufficiently different from the molecular weight distribution of the deposit control additive so as to be distinguishable from the deposit control additive. The amount of each tagging material is less than 1 weight % of the additive concentrate.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon liquids obtained from the isomerization of slack wax have been found to be superior carrier fluids for additives (e.g., detergents) used in gasolines. They produce reduced amounts of engine deposit and mitigate any tendency to cause or promote valve sticking.

Abstract: An emergency alternative fuel for internal combustion engines is stable for storage for a year or more. The alternative fuel is stored in a container which has an outlet sealed with a removable seal. The container is prevented from being reused for storage after the seal is removed.

Abstract: An additive for hydrocarbon fuels comprising a demulsifier, a wax dispersant, and a napthenic oil. The additive of the present invention has been found to decrease ignition times, increase power, and reduce fuel consumption, reduce emissions, and improves cold temperature flowability.