Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing end microlenses of individual optical fibers which are part of a bundle or a multi-core fiber, including depositing a drop of a photopolymerizable solution on a first end of the bundle; adapting the size of the drop; applying light centered on a predetermined wavelength onto a second end of the bundle in order to selectively polymerize the drop; rinsing the first end using a methanol solution in order to obtain a network of individual optical fibers, each one of which is provided with a microlens at the first end of the multi-core fiber, the microlenses being physically separated from one another. The disclosure additionally relates to a bundle of microlensed fibers obtained by the method, as well as to the use of such a bundle, for example in medical or multiplexed imaging and/or in the coupling of optical fibers.

Abstract: An optical connector includes a first printed circuit board (PCB), a second PCB and an optical-electric coupling element. The first PCB includes a supporting surface. The second PCB includes a first surface. The second PCB is positioned on the supporting surface and electrically connected to the first PCB, with the first surface being perpendicular to the supporting surface. The second PCB further includes at least one laser diode and at least one photo diode. The at least one laser diode and the at least one photo diode are positioned on the first surface. The optical-electric coupling element is positioned on the first surface and receives the at least one laser diode and the at least one photo diode. The optical-electric coupling element includes at least two coupling lenses. Each of the at least two coupling lenses aligns with a laser diode or a photo diode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to optical touch sensing technology. Provided is an apparatus comprising an emitting optical waveguide comprising input and output areas, an emitting optical distributed band pass filter disposed at the output area, a receiving waveguide disposed at a spaced apart location from the emitting waveguide, and a receiving distributed band pass filter at an input area of the receiving waveguide. The apparatus may comprise a tunable light source for cycling through a plurality of frequency bands of light for scanning a length of the waveguides for an obstruction (e.g. a touch). The apparatus may be used in place of the plurality of light source/photo detector pairs found in conventional touch screen devices.

Abstract: Modular kit of devices for variable distribution, mixing and monitoring of optical signals in the Internet and other networks is formed by an optical module interconnected with a control electronic module of the electronic system with two redundant power supply sources, which is subsequently interconnected with the communication computer module equipped with the user communication interface and the machine communication interface. Optical module has N optical inputs and M optical outputs where N and M are non-zero natural numbers, and in total the optical module contains N×M of 2×2 type Mach-Zender interferometer optical switching elements. Each of them has two optical inputs, two optical outputs and one electric input. Optical switching elements are mutually interconnected in a grid. Control electronic module is formed by N×M pulse-width modulators connected via an interface module to the communication computer module and to the power supply distribution block.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a temperature-independent optical frequency shifter for generating sub-carriers with a miniaturizable configuration, as well as to provide an all-optical OFDM modulator using the same that is compact, has low temperature dependence, and is even compatible with different frequency grids. Provided is an optical frequency shifter and an optical modulator using the same, the optical frequency shifter comprises one input optical port, a 1-input, 2-output optical coupler optically connected thereto, two Mach-Zehnder modulation units individually optically connected to the two outputs thereof, a 2-input, 2-output optical coupler optically connected to the individual outputs thereof, and two output optical ports optically connected to the outputs thereof, wherein the two Mach-Zehnder modulation units are driven by periodic waveforms at the same frequency whose phases differ from each other by (2p+1)?/2 (p: integer).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an assembly for use in detecting an analyte in a sample based on thin-film spectral interference. The assembly comprises a waveguide, a monolithic substrate optically coupled to the waveguide, and a thin-film layer directly bonded to the sensing side of the monolithic substrate. The refractive index of the monolithic substrate is higher than the refractive index of the transparent material of the thin-film layer. A spectral interference between the light reflected into the waveguide from a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface varies as analyte molecules in a sample bind to the analyte binding molecules coated on the thin-film layer.

Abstract: A receptacle-type bi-directional optical module includes an optical connector, a bi-directional optical sub-assembly (BOSA), and a flexible printed circuit board. The bi-directional optical sub-assembly is detachably coupled to the optical connector. The bi-directional optical sub-assembly includes a transmitter end and a receiver end. The flexible printed circuit board includes a board body, a first connection part, and a second connection part. A first end of the board body is electrically connected to a printed circuit board. The first connection part is connected to a second end of the board body for electrically connecting to the transmitter end. The second connection part is connected to the edge of the first connection part for electrically connecting to the receiver end.

Abstract: The embodiments disclose a stack feature of a stack configured to confine optical fields within and to a patterned plasmonic underlayer in the stack configured to guide light from a light source to regulate optical coupling.

Abstract: According to an example, an apparatus for use in optoelectronics includes a bottom transparent layer, a top transparent layer having a top surface, a lens sandwiched between the bottom transparent layer and the top transparent layer, and a first alignment element attached to the top surface of the top transparent layer, wherein the first alignment element is offset with respect to the lens and is to mate with a mating alignment element on an optical transmission medium.

Abstract: A semiconductor package and a semiconductor device including the same. The semiconductor package includes: a package substrate; a plurality of connection elements that are disposed on the package substrate; and a semiconductor chip that includes at least one optical input/output element that transmits/receives an optical signal to/from the outside at an optical input/output angle with respect to a direction perpendicular to a bottom surface of the package substrate, and is electrically connected to the package substrate through the plurality of connection.

Abstract: In one example, a composite processor includes a circuit board, a first processor element package, and a second processor element package. The circuit board has an optical link and an electrical link. The first processor element package includes a substrate with an integrated circuit, a sub-wavelength grating optical coupler, and an electrical coupler coupled to the electrical link of the circuit board. The second processor element package includes a substrate with an integrated circuit, a sub-wavelength grating optical coupler, and an electrical coupler coupled to the electrical link of the circuit board. The sub-wavelength grating optical coupler of the first processor element package, the optical link of the circuit board, and the sub-wavelength grating optical coupler of the second processor element package collectively define an optical communications path between the substrate of the first processor element package and the substrate of the second processor element package.

Abstract: Plural optical communication apparatuses are connected through communication lines with a star topology to an optical coupler that is arranged at the center of star topology and can distribute input light. Each optical communication apparatus makes an optically transmitting unit input an optical signal into an optically inputting unit of the optical coupler, and makes an optically receiving unit receive an optical signal output from an optically outputting unit of the optical coupler, for detecting a collision based on the reception signal. After transmitting an optical signal from the optically transmitting unit, each of optical communication apparatuses makes the optically receiving unit receive the optical signal, performs the collision detection based on the comparison between the transmission signal and the reception signal.

Abstract: A sensor for sensing at least one biological target or chemical target is provided. The sensor includes a membrane includes a membrane material that supports generation and propagation of at least one waveguide mode, where the membrane material includes a plurality of voids having an average size <2 microns. The sensor also includes at least one receptor having structure for binding to the target within the plurality of voids, and an optical coupler for coupling light to the membrane sufficient to generate the waveguide mode in the membrane from photons incident on the optical coupler.

Abstract: An apparatus consisting of stacked slab waveguides whose outputs are vertically staggered is disclosed. At the input to the stacked waveguides, the entrances to each slab lie in approximately the same vertical plane. A spot which is imaged onto the input will be transformed approximately to a set of staggered rectangles at the output, without substantial loss in brightness, which staggered rectangles can serve as a convenient input to a spectroscopic apparatus. A slit mask can be added to spatially filter the outputs so as to present the desired transverse width in the plane of the spectroscopic apparatus parallel to its dispersion.

Abstract: Waveguides and electromagnetic cavities fabricated in hyperuniform disordered materials with complete photonic bandgaps are provided. Devices comprising electromagnetic cavities fabricated in hyperuniform disordered materials with complete photonic bandgaps are provided. Devices comprising waveguides fabricated in hyperuniform disordered materials with complete photonic bandgaps are provided. The devices include electromagnetic splitters, filters, and sensors.

Abstract: An optical backplane assembly (1) includes a backplane (10), a first switch card (21), a second switch card (22) disposed on one side of the first switch card, a plurality of first line cards disposed on the other side of the first switch card, and a first optical assembly (41) including a plurality of first optical channels (411) and a plurality of second optical channels (412) overlapped with the first optical channel. The first optical channels optically interconnecting the first switch card with the first line cards. The second optical channels optically interconnecting the second switch card with the first optical channels.

Abstract: A lens element includes a main body. The main body includes a number of first lens portions, a number of second lens portions corresponding to the first lens portions, and a deflecting portion upwardly protruding from a surface of the main body. The deflecting portion includes a deflecting surface positioned outside the main body. The deflecting surface deflects optical signals between the first lens portions and the second lens portions.

Abstract: The expanded beam, fiber optic connector includes an optical fiber, and a ferrule. The optical fiber includes a modified mode field diameter segment. The ferrule includes a recess. The optical fiber is retained by the ferrule. The modified mode field diameter segment is positioned in the recess of the ferrule.

Abstract: A Head Up Display can be utilized to find light from an energy source. The Head Up Display includes a first waveguide having a first input coupler and a first output coupler. The Head Up Display can also include a second waveguide having a second input coupler and a second output coupler. The first waveguide has a first major surface and the second waveguide has a second major surface, which are disposed approximately parallel to each other. The first waveguide and the second waveguide are positioned as a combiner and allowing viewing an outside feed and information from an image source. The first input coupler diffracts light in the first field of view into the first waveguide and light in a second field of view reaches the second input coupler and is diffracted into the second waveguide.

Abstract: A tunable Radio Frequency (RF) filter device includes a tunable optical source configured to generate an optical carrier signal, and a modulator coupled to the tunable optical source and configured to modulate the optical carrier signal with an RF input signal. The tunable RF filter device may also include first and second optical waveguides coupled to the modulator and having first and second dispersion slopes of opposite sign, and an optical-to-electrical converter coupled to the first and second optical waveguides and configured to generate an RF output signal with a frequency notch therein based upon the tunable optical source.

Abstract: An optical switch system and the system includes a semi-transmissive semi-reflective module is configured to intercept, in a transmission manner, test light that is the same as the signal light with respect to the propagation path and output after being modulated by the optical output control module; the imaging module is configured to acquire the test light, generate corresponding initial optical path information and sampled optical path information in sequence, and transfer the initial optical path information and the sampled optical path information to the judging module in sequence; the judging module is configured to record the initial optical path information, and compare the sampled optical path information with the initial optical path information; and the control module is configured to control the optical output control module according to a comparison result.

Abstract: An optical device includes first and second optical waveguides that each include a core and a cladding, and a connector that optically couples the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide with a lens interposed therebetween, wherein, in at least one of the first and the second optical waveguides, a difference in refractive index between the core and the cladding in a first direction differs from a difference in refractive index between the core and the cladding in a second direction that is different from the first direction, and wherein, in at least one of the first and the second optical waveguide, a first point of emergence of first rays that are output at angles in the first direction and a second point of emergence of second rays that are output at angles in the second direction are offset from each other along an optical axis.

Abstract: At the time of assembly of an optical transmission/reception module, a test variable wavelength light source 22 for outputting a test light signal is connected to a connector 8 of an optical fiber 7, and a large-diameter PD 23 measures a transmission loss in a light wavelength band limiting filter 12 while a rotational position determining unit 24 rotates a fiber ferrule 5, so that the rotational position determining unit 24 determines the rotational position ?loss-min of the fiber ferrule 5 which minimizes the transmission loss in the light wavelength band limiting filter 12, and aligns the fiber ferrule 5 at the rotational position ?loss-min.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a slider structure having a waveguide and a cavity configured to align a laser to the waveguide. The cavity includes a plurality of solder bumps on a bottom of the cavity configured to electrically and thermally couple the laser to the slider. At least one mechanical stopper is disposed in the cavity to facilitate vertical alignment between an output of the laser and an input of the waveguide. At least one solder bump is disposed on the mechanical stopper to facilitate lateral alignment between the output of the laser and the input of the waveguide in response to a reflow of the solder bumps.

Abstract: To provide an optical modulator having a reduced size and reduced power consumption and capable of being easily connected to a waveguide and a method of manufacturing the optical modulator. The optical modulator has at least semiconductor layer (8) having a rib-shaped portion and doped so as to be of a first conduction type, dielectric layer (11) laid on first-conduction-type semiconductor layer (8), and semiconductor layer (9) laid on dielectric layer (11), having the width at the side opposite from dielectric layer (11) increased relative to the width of the rib-shaped portion, and doped so as to be of a second conduction type.

Abstract: Method for modifying the splitting or combining ratio of a first multimode interference (MMI) coupler (100), which first coupler is arranged to convey light from one or several input waveguides to one or several output waveguides, wherein a film (103a) of a material is arranged over the first coupler, wherein the film is strained so that a force is applied by the film to the surface of the first coupler, and so that the refractive index profile in the material of the first coupler changes as a consequence of the force, and wherein the splitting or combining ratio is modified as a consequence of the changed refractive index profile.

Abstract: Optical couplings for making and optical connection between one or more devices are disclosed. In one embodiment, an optical coupling includes a coupling face, an optical interface within the coupling face, an optical component positioned within the optical interface, and at least one coded magnetic array. The at least one coded magnetic array may include a plurality of magnetic regions configured aid in mating the optical component with a corresponding optical component of a complementary mated optical coupling to a predetermined tolerance for optical communication. Optical cable assemblies and electronics devices having optical couplings with optical interfaces using coded magnetic arrays are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical fibre (20) for coupling to an optical source (18) which includes a core (22) and a tip portion (36). The core (22) is for receiving light directed from the optical source along an optical axis; wherein the core is expanded near one end of the optical fibre, and the expanded core (24) having a diameter larger than other portions of the core that are not expanded. The tip portion (36) is on the end of the optical fibre, wherein the tip portion further includes an endmost face (26), the endmost face being non-perpendicular to the optical axis. A coupling system including such an optical fibre and a method of fabricating a coupling device for the optical fibre are also disclosed. The optical fibre as provided by the present invention not only enables high coupling efficiency with different laser mode sizes, but also reduces the back reflected laser from the optical fibre which may otherwise damage the laser semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A method and system for coupling optical signals into silicon optoelectronic chips are disclosed and may include coupling one or more optical signals into a back surface of a CMOS photonic chip in a photonic transceiver, wherein photonic, electronic, or optoelectronic devices may be integrated in a front surface of the CMOS photonic chip. Optical couplers, such as grating couplers, may receive the optical signals in the front surface of the chip. The optical signals may be coupled into the back surface of the chips via optical fibers and/or optical source assemblies. The optical signals may be coupled to the optical couplers via a light path etched in the chips, which may be refilled with silicon dioxide. The chips may be flip-chip bonded to a packaging substrate. Optical signals may be reflected back to the optical couplers via metal reflectors, which may be integrated in dielectric layers on the chips.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus may include an optical fiber that may have a surface non-normal to a longitudinal axis of a distal end portion of the optical fiber. The surface may define a portion of an interface configured to redirect electromagnetic radiation propagated from within the optical fiber and incident on the interface to a direction offset from the longitudinal axis. The apparatus may also include a doped silica cap that may be fused to the optical fiber such that the surface of the optical fiber may be disposed within a cavity defined by the doped silica cap.

Abstract: A regenerative ring resonator in the path of a light beam includes a discharge chamber having electrodes and a gain medium between the electrodes; an optical coupler that is partially reflective so that at least a portion of a light beam impinging on the optical coupler from the discharge chamber is reflected back through the discharge chamber and at least a portion of the light beam impinging on the optical coupler from the discharge chamber is transmitted through the optical coupler; and an attenuation optical system in the path of the light beam within the resonator, the attenuation optical system having a plurality of distinct attenuation states, with each attenuation state defining a distinct attenuation factor applied to the light beam to provide adjustment of an energy of the light beam.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention enable polarization diversity using a more general component than current polarization splitter and rotator solutions. Devices such as an optical receiver, transmitter or duplexer may utilize polarization diversity to efficiently process incoming signals regardless of the signal's polarization. Embodiments of the invention may be described as enabling polarization diversity via an adiabatic waveguide polarization converter. When utilized in an optical system of discrete components or in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), this adiabatic waveguide polarization converter may receive an unknown single-mode polarization of light. This light may, for example, originate from a remote location and come through a single mode fiber. As described in further detail herein, embodiments of the invention reduce the requirements and component complexity for polarization handling for polarization diversity systems.

Abstract: A system for measuring properties of a thin film coated glass having a light source, a spectrometer, at least one pair of probes, a first optical fiber switch and a second optical fiber switch. The pair of probes includes a first probe located on one side of a glass sheet and a second probe located on the opposite side of the glass sheet, directly across from the first probe. The first and second optical fiber switches are adapted to couple either probe to the light source and/or the spectrometer. Because the design of the system is optically symmetrical, calibration may be performed without the use of a reference material such as a tile or mirror. Each of the first and second probes has a first leg and a second leg that are separated from each other by a distance n so that angled reflections may be detected.

Abstract: An optical fiber coupler includes a clad optical fiber core having a coupling window formed therein. A laser source is joined to emit light into the core through the coupling window. The core has an output coupler for partially reflecting a portion of light and transmitting a portion as output. A Bragg grating is formed in the core having a pitch and being positioned to reflect light from said laser source toward the output coupler. The pitch is variable in response to a temperature change. A thermal control device is joined to the core for adjusting its temperature and the Bragg grating pitch. In other embodiments a mode convertor is provided to reduce the output modes to selected modes.

Abstract: A component for an optical probe, the component comprising: a tubular body defining an internal channel and an opening; a mounting ring which is mounted within the internal channel and configured to define an aperture aligned with the opening; and a window disposed across the aperture and bonded to the mounting ring around the aperture, wherein the window is diamond, wherein the mounting ring comprises a material having a coefficient of linear thermal expansion a of 14×10?6 K?1 or less at 20° C. and a thermal conductivity of 60 Wm?1K?1 or more at 20° C., and wherein the tubular body is made of a chemically inert material.

Abstract: An optical connector includes a jumper, optical fibers and an optical-electric coupling element. The jumper includes a lower surface and an upper surface. The jumper defines a first receiving hole and a second receiving hole. A flange perpendicularly extends upward from a periphery of the upper surface. The flange defines a locating opening. The optical-electric coupling element includes a bottom surface and a top surface. The bottom surface forms at least two first coupling lenses. The bottom surface defines a cutout spatially corresponds with the flange of the jumper. The cutout includes a bottom portion. A locating projector extends upward from the bottom portion. The locating projector is inserted into the locating opening to attach the jumper into the optical-electric coupling element, with each of the first coupling lens being received in the first receiving hole or the second receiving hole. The flange being received in the cutout.

Abstract: The invention is directed to provide a virtual image display device capable of setting the aspect ratio of the image light entering the eyes of the observer as a virtual image to a desired state while fulfilling the design limitations. In the invention, the aspect ratio of the virtual image can be converted to the aspect ratio (16:9) laterally longer than the aspect ratio (4:3) of the image area due to the conversion in the aspect ratio conversion optical system. Thus, the aspect ratio of the image light to be recognized by the eye of the observer as a virtual image can be adjusted to a desired state even in the case in which, for example, the lateral width of the image forming device with respect to the whole of the virtual image display device is limited by a design requirement.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multi-dimensional target waveguide grating and volume grating with micro-structure quasi-phase-matching. An ordinary waveguide grating is used as a seed grating, and on this basis, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional sampling structure modulated with a refractive index, that is, a sampling grating, is formed. The sampling grating comprises multiple shadow gratings, and one of the shadow gratings is selected as a target equivalent grating. A sampled grating comprises Fourier components in many orders, that is, shadow gratings, a corresponding grating wave vector is [Formula 1], and the grating profile of all the shadow gratings changes with the sampling structure [Formula 2]. In a case where a seed grating wave vector [Formula 3] and a required two-dimensional or three-dimensional grating wave vector do not match, a certain Fourier periodic structure component of the Fourier components of the sampling structure is used to compensate for the wave vector mismatch.

Abstract: A signal transfer link includes a first plasmonic coupler, and a second plasmonic coupler spaced apart from the first plasmonic coupler to form a gap. An insulator layer is formed over end portions of the first and second plasmonic couplers and in and over the gap. A plasmonic conductive layer is formed over the gap on the insulator layer to excite plasmons to provide signal transmission between the first and second plasmonic couplers.

Abstract: An insulated composite power cable having a wire core defining a common longitudinal axis, a multiplicity of composite wires around the wire core, and an insulative sheath surrounding the composite wires. In some embodiments, a first multiplicity of composite wires is helically stranded around the wire core in a first lay direction at a first lay angle defined relative to a center longitudinal axis over a first lay length, and a second multiplicity of composite wires is helically stranded around the first multiplicity of composite wires in the first lay direction at a second lay angle over a second lay length, the relative difference between the first lay angle and the second lay angle being no greater than about 4°. The insulated composite cables may be used for underground or underwater electrical power transmission. Methods of making and using the insulated composite cables are also described.

Abstract: Roughly described, an optical device has first and second waveguide segments which are constructed such that irradiation changes both average refractive index and also birefringence in the respective segment. The change in birefringence as a function of the change in average refractive index, is different for the two segments. Predetermined lengths of each of the two segments are irradiated. In an MZI, the technique can be used to adjust simultaneously for one or more of differential path length phase delays, coupler-induced phase errors, and frequency errors.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first optical mode coupler having a spatial light modulator with a two-dimensional array of separately controllable optical phase modulators. The optical mode coupler is configurable to cause the spatial light modulator to couple a light source or light detector to an end-face of a multi-mode optical fiber via a plurality of light beams. Each of the light beams couples to a different one of optical modes in the multi-mode optical fiber.

Abstract: In a multiple-axis free-space-coupled single-mode fiber-optic transmission system, such as an optical cross-connect switch, a method and apparatus are provided for the closed loop attenuation of optical beam power signals employed to align and cause dithering via MEMS mirrors which are manipulated to impose on the optical beam frequency modulation and, in particular, a time-varying set of induced mirror angles that yield a desired time history of optical power level that is modulated according to a digital code in the frequency modulation pattern.

Abstract: Frequency standards based on mode-locked fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers and fiber-based ultra-broad bandwidth light sources, and applications of the same.

Abstract: A sensing device for detecting a physical parameter exemplified by pressures, strains, temperatures, indices of refraction, and combinations thereof. The sensing device comprises a probe having a housing for sealably mounting therein an optical fiber. The optical fiber is provided at its distal end with at least two spaced apart fiber Bragg gratings. The proximal end of the probe is engagable with a holder, and is in communication with fiber Bragg grating interrogation systems. Spacers and seals may be provided about the optical fiber between the fiber Bragg gratings. An orifice may be provided and sealed with a resilient membrane to provide a contained airspace around each fiber Bragg grating. The contained airspace may be optionally filled with a fluid or a gas.

Abstract: An integrated circuit coupling device includes an integrated circuit package with N integrated circuit layers (L1-LN) arranged as a 3D stack; and a data transmission medium with n data transmission layers (l1-ln), wherein n?1 and N?2, and wherein the N integrated circuit layers are electrically connectable to the n data transmission layers.

Abstract: Actuator systems (10) are provided for inducing one or more static deflections, such as bends, in optical waveguides (12), to alter spectral characteristics of an optical signal transmitted through the waveguide. The actuator systems (10) can include actuators (28) that deflect the waveguide (12), and a controller (40) that controls the actuators (28) so that the deflections in the waveguide (12) are tailored to produce desired spectral characteristics in the optical signal. The actuator systems (10) can be used in conjunction with, for example, a fused fiber optic coupler (12) to form a wavelength selective switch. The actuator systems (10) can be used in conjunction with other types of waveguides to form other types of optical signal processors (14).

Abstract: A modalmetric fiber sensor comprising a multimode sensor fiber; a light source for launching light into the multimode sensor fiber to produce a multimode speckle pattern of light at an end of the multimode sensor fiber; a single mode fiber to receive light from the multimode speckle pattern; a detector connected to the single mode fiber to detect the received light from the speckle pattern; and a further multimode fiber disposed between the end of the sensor fiber and the single mode fiber such that the single mode fiber receives light from the speckle pattern by transmission through the further multimode fiber and the received light includes higher order modes regenerated in the further multimode fiber, wherein the further multimode fiber is overfilled with received light from the speckle pattern.

Abstract: A transceiver on a CMOS chip including optical and optoelectronic devices, and electronic circuitry may be operable to communicate optical signals between the CMOS chip and optical fibers coupled to the CMOS chip via a semiconductor laser and one or more photodetectors. The optical and optoelectronic devices may include waveguides, modulators, multiplexers, switches, and couplers. The photodetector may be integrated in the CMOS chip. The photodetector and the semiconductor laser may be mounted on the CMOS chip. The optical signals may be communicated out of and in to a top surface of the CMOS chip. A transceiver on a CMOS chip including optical and optoelectronic devices, and electronic circuitry, may be operable to communicate optical signals between the CMOS chip and optical fibers coupled to the CMOS chip via grating couplers. The optical signals may be communicated out of and in to a top surface of the CMOS chip.

Abstract: A transceiver comprising a plurality of CMOS chips may be operable to communicate an optical source signal from a semiconductor laser into a first CMOS chip via optical couplers. The optical source signal may be used to generate first optical signals that are transmitted from the first CMOS chip to optical fibers coupled to the first CMOS chip via one or more optical couplers. Second optical signals may be received from the optical fibers and converted to electrical signals via photodetectors in the first CMOS chip. The optical source signal may be communicated from the semiconductor laser into the first CMOS chip via optical fibers in to a top surface and the first optical signals may be communicated out of a top surface of the first CMOS chip. The electrical signals may be communicated to at least a second of the plurality of CMOS chips comprising electronic devices.