Abstract: There are provided a method of manufacturing a metal mold suitable for forming, for example, a reflection mirror for a projection optical system and a reflection mirror for the projection optical system manufactured by the method thereof. The method includes a first process of cutting or grinding a metal mold material MM to trim the shape of the transfer optical surface and a second process of radiating the electron beam onto the transfer optical surface so as to perform smoothing process. By radiation of the electron beam, tool makes and the like created on the metal mold material MM in the first process can be erased so that the surface can be smoothed while maintaining the shape of the transfer optical surface.

Abstract: A method of producing an interbody spinal implant. The method includes the steps of obtaining a blank having a top surface, bottom surface, opposing lateral sides, and opposing anterior and posterior portions, and applying a subtractive process (e.g., masked acid etching) to the top surface, the bottom surface, or both surfaces of the blank to form a roughened surface topography. Subsequently, the blank is machined to form the interbody spinal implant, which includes a body having a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing lateral sides, opposing anterior and posterior portions, a substantially hollow center, and a single vertical aperture where the top surface, the bottom surface, or both surfaces of the interbody spinal implant have the roughened surface topography produced by the subtractive process. This simplified method produces more accurate and repeatable implants with fewer process steps and defects, reducing process time and costs.

Abstract: Processes for producing interbody spinal implants having a body with a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing lateral sides, opposing anterior and posterior portions, a substantially hollow center, and a single vertical aperture; and optionally, one or two integration plates affixed to the body. The processes include applying an additive process, a subtractive process, or both processes to at least one surface of the interbody spinal implant to form a roughened surface topography having a regular repeating pattern. The roughened surface topography is specifically designed to provide certain frictional characteristics, load dispersion, and to influence the biological responses that occur during bone healing and fusion.

Abstract: A device for supporting a substrate is provided. The device includes a base body having two or more layers of an insulating material, a substrate support surface formed by the upper layer of the insulating material, one or more cavities formed in a thickness of the base body, and one or more metal elements disposed in the one or more cavities. The substrate support surface of the base body supports the substrate thereon in a processing nest of a printing apparatus. In addition, each metal element comprises one or more features that are used to couple the base body to the processing nest. The metal elements are also provided for magnetically or electromagnetically positioning the base body on a magnetic work plane of a grinding tool. A method is also provided to make the device and attach the device to a planar surface of a processing nest.

Abstract: Abrasive articles containing solid abrasive particles (A) selected from the group consisting of inorganic particles, organic particles and inorganic-organic hybrid particles (a1) having an average primary particle size of from 1 to 500 nm as determined by laser light diffraction and having electron donor groups (a2) chemically bonded to their surface are provided. The said solid abrasive particles (A) are distributed throughout or on top of or throughout and on top of a solid matrix (B). A method for manufacturing abrasive articles and a method for processing substrates useful for fabricating electrical and optical devices are provided. The said methods make use of the said abrasive articles.

Abstract: Method to (i) introduce additional control into a material spalling process, thus improving both the crack initiation and propagation, and (ii) increase the range of selectable spalling depths are provided. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a stressor layer on a surface of a base substrate at a first temperature which is room temperature. Next, the base substrate including the stressor layer is brought to a second temperature which is less than room temperature. The base substrate is spalled at the second temperature to form a spalled material layer. Thereafter, the spalled material layer is returned to room temperature, i.e., the first temperature.

Abstract: A screw formed of cortical bone for use in the human body with an implant having a screw hole for receiving at least a portion of a screw therethrough, includes a shaft with a thread along at least a portion of its length. The thread has an outer diameter dimensioned to pass through the screw hole in the implant. The trailing end of the screw is configured to cooperatively engage at least a portion of the screw hole of the implant so as to prevent the screw from linear motion along the mid-longitudinal axis of the shaft in a direction opposite to the direction of insertion when the screw is threaded through the screw hole to attach the implant to a bone portion of the human body. The screw is formed substantially of cortical bone of a single cortical thickness.

Abstract: Floor grinding- and cleaning body (1) for machine-based processing of structured floorings (2) comprising a base body (10) which is provided on a first side (12) with a resilient, textured surface (14), a processing layer (20) that is arranged on the textured surface (14) of the base body (10) and a hook-and-loop adaption layer (30), which is arranged on a second side (16) of the base body (10) opposed to the first side (12), wherein the textured surface (14) comprises a resilient burling structure, wherein the burls (18) thereof are designed to be able to treat deep areas (4) of a structured surface (3) of a flooring (2).

Abstract: An apparatus for, and methods of use for, measuring film thickness on an underlying body are provided. The apparatus may include at least one Impedance Resonance (IR) sensor, which may include at least one sensing head. The at least one sensing head may include an inductor having at least one excitation coil and at least one sensing coil. The excitation coil may propagate energy to the sensing coil so that the sensing coil may generate a probing electromagnetic field. The apparatus may also include at least one power supply, at least one RF sweep generator electrically connected to the excitation coil; at least one data acquisition block electrically connected to the sensing coil; at least one calculation block; and at least one communication block. Methods of monitoring conductive, semiconductive or non-conductive film thickness, and various tools for Chemical Mechanical Polishing/Planarization (CMP), etching, deposition and stand-alone metrology are also provided.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for illumination devices. In one aspect, an illumination device having a longitudinal axis includes a light source and a light guide. The light guide has a peripheral edge, a transmissive illumination surface, a center portion, and an upper surface. The transmissive illumination surface is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and disposed between the center portion and the peripheral edge. The upper surface is oriented relative to the illumination surface to define an angle ? therebetween. In some implementations, the angle ? can be greater than 15 degrees, for example.

Abstract: An improvement in a polishing apparatus for planarizing substrates comprises a tenacious coating of a low-adhesion material to a platen surface. An expendable polishing pad is adhesively attached to the low-adhesion material, and may be removed for periodic replacement at much reduced expenditure of force. Polishing pads joined to low-adhesion materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by conventional adhesives resist distortion during polishing but are readily removed for replacement.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of roughening the sole side surface of a tread band is provided wherein the sole side surface of a tread band is roughened with at least one abrasive roller. The bottom of at least one groove in a tread side of the tread band is supported while the abrasive roller is roughening the sole side surface opposite the supported groove.

Abstract: An apparatus for decoating a solar module includes a rotatable scraper, which is connected to a drive-shaft for driving in rotation and pressing with a pressure-force the scraper onto a surface of the solar module, wherein the rotatable scraper has prongs or teeth with side-faces and end-faces, and wherein the end-faces are embodied as polishing surfaces.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a microneedle including the steps of forming a plurality of first linear grooves on a substrate in parallel to one another along a first direction using grinding, and forming a plurality of second linear grooves on the substrate in parallel to one another in a second direction intersecting the first direction using grinding.

Abstract: A carrier structure for supporting a substrate when being processed by passing the carrier through a meniscus formed by upper and lower proximity heads is described. A method of manufacturing the carrier further described. The method includes forming a composite frame having a carbon fiber core, a top sheet, a bottom sheet, a layer of aramid fabric between the top sheet and the core and a second layer of aramid fabric between the bottom sheet and the core. The top sheet and the bottom are each formed from a polymer material. The method further includes forming an opening sized for receiving a substrate and providing a plurality of support pins extending into the opening for supporting the substrate within the opening. The opening is formed slightly larger than the substrate such that a gap exists between the substrate and the opening.

Abstract: A method for trimming a tube with at least one stiffening element placed on its tube wall to a target bending stiffness, wherein the tube has first an interim bending stiffness, which is greater than the target bending stiffness. For the purpose of reducing the interim bending stiffness of the tube to the target bending stiffness, it is provided in the method of the invention that volume of the stiffening element is removed, for instance, by means of a laser.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to methods and apparatus for refurbishing a gas distribution plate assembly utilized in a deposition chamber or etch chamber. In one embodiment, a method for refurbishing a gas distribution plate assembly is provided. The method includes urging a faceplate of a gas distribution plate assembly against a polishing pad of a polishing device, the faceplate having a plurality of gas distribution holes disposed therein, providing relative motion between the faceplate and the polishing pad, and polishing the faceplate against the polishing pad.

Abstract: Presently described are methods of making an article via electrostatic deposition of particles, abrasive grains and articles, as well as a method of repairing a painted surface. The abrasive grain comprises a plurality of abrasive particles having a median primary particle size of less than 75 microns, and discrete hydrophobic nanoparticles.

Abstract: The polishing apparatus has a polishing unit capable of forming a right-angled cross section by polishing a peripheral portion of the substrate. The polishing unit includes a polishing head having a pressing member configured to press a polishing tape against the peripheral portion of the substrate from above, a tape supply and recovery mechanism configured to supply the polishing tape to the polishing head and to recover the polishing tape from the polishing head, a first moving mechanism configured to move the polishing head in a radial direction of the substrate, and a second moving mechanism configured to move the tape supply and recovery mechanism in the radial direction of the substrate. The guide rollers are arranged such that the polishing tape extends parallel to a tangential direction of the substrate and a polishing surface of the polishing tape is parallel to a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A polishing method and a polishing system are provided. By means of adjusting a rotational center of a polishing article corresponding to positions of a polishing pad or polishing pads, a polishing rate of the polishing article surface has a better uniformity, resulted from compensation of polishing rates at the rotational center of the polishing article.

Abstract: An optical module is provided that includes a Faraday rotator having a Verdet constant at a wavelength of 1.06 ?m of at least 0.27 min/(Oe·cm), a first hollow magnet disposed on the outer periphery of the Faraday rotator, and second and third hollow magnet units disposed so as to sandwich the first hollow magnet on the optical axis. The second and third hollow magnet units include 2 or more magnets equally divided in a direction of 90 degrees relative to the optical axis. A magnetic flux density B (Oe) applied to the Faraday rotator is in the range of 0.5×104?B?1.5×104. The Faraday rotator is disposed on a sample length L (cm) in the range of 0.70?L?1.10, and has an external diameter D (cm) in the range of 0.20?D?0.60.

Abstract: A method for providing an edge preparation on a cutting edge of a tool by means of an edge processing operation includes clamping the tool in a processing machine for providing the edge preparation, recording as a reference value the position of the cutting edge to be processed by means of a sensor arranged on the processing machine, carrying out an edge processing operation by means of a preparation tool, recording the position of the cutting edge again by means of the sensor arranged on the processing machine and storing the position as an actual value, monitoring the edge processing operation on the basis of a comparison between the reference value and the actual value, and comparing the actual value with a desired value for material removed on the cutting edge.

Abstract: Substrate carrier having multiple emissivity coefficients for thin film processing and more particularly for support of a substrate during a deposition process epitaxially growing a film on the substrate. A front side of the carrier has a first carrier surface upon which the substrate is to be disposed, the first carrier surface having a first emissivity coefficient different than a second emissivity coefficient of a second carrier surface adjacent to the first carrier surface. Selection of the second emissivity coefficient independent of the first emissivity coefficient may modify an amount of energy radiated from the second carrier surface during processing of the substrate. In one embodiment, the second carrier surface has a second emissivity coefficient which is lower than the first emissivity coefficient to reduce heat loss from the carrier surface while maintaining high efficiency energy transfer between the carrier and a substrate.

Abstract: An abrasive article includes a polymer binder, an infrared radiation absorbing dye, and abrasive grains. In particular embodiments, the abrasive articles have been at least partially cured using infrared radiation. The abrasive articles of the present invention can include, for example, coated abrasives, structured abrasives, and bonded abrasives. Methods for manufacturing abrasive articles include at least partially curing an article that includes a polymer binder precursor, an infrared radiation absorbing dye, and abrasive grains using infrared radiation.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing aqueous dispersion includes: (A) an amino acid, (B) abrasive grains, (C) a surfactant, (D) an oxidizing agent, and (E) ammonia, the ratio (WA/WD) of the content (WA) of the amino acid to the content (WD) of the oxidizing agent being 1.5 to 6.0, and the ratio (WE/WD) of the content (WE) of the ammonia to the content (WD) of the oxidizing agent being 0.05 to 0.6.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a barbed stent includes providing a sheet of stent material, cutting the sheet to form a stent wire with integral barbs extending therefrom, and forming the stent wire into a final stent shape having a longitudinal axis. A stent for deployment within the body of a patient includes integral barbs.

Abstract: A method of polishing a marble terrazzo floor, including shaving the surface with a first plurality of first diamond abrasive particles, and shaving the surface with a second plurality of second diamond abrasive particles. The first diamond abrasive particles are MBG-type mesh crystals characterized by a first average size, wherein the second diamond abrasive particles MBG-type mesh crystals characterized by a second, smaller average size, and wherein the diamond abrasive particles substantially laterally impact surface protrusions.

Abstract: A method of producing from particles of a layered material platelets comprising the layered material, the method comprising the steps of: mixing the particles of the layered material in a liquid medium; and exposing said mixed-in particles to a mechanical grinding treatment, thereby exfoliating at least some of the particles of the layered material to produce platelets from the layered material. Moreover, a method of producing from particles of a layered material platelets comprising the layered material, wherein the particles are exposed to a mechanical grinding treatment using grinding media, the stress energy of the grinding media SEGM being smaller than 10 ?Nm.

Abstract: A buffing composition includes an emulsion having an aqueous liquid phase and an oily liquid phase; a solubilized zirconium carboxylate; and fine abrasive particles having a Mohs hardness of at least 4. The fine abrasive particles have a particle size distribution having at least one mode with a particle size of at least 5 micrometers. A method of finishing a surface of a material using the buffing composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system includes a chuck with a retaining ring on a first surface thereof. The first surface and the retaining ring are both circular, the retaining ring having a first inner circumference. The system also includes a platen with a second surface, and the second surface faces the first surface and is operable to move with the first surface. The system further includes an air zone circumscribed by the first inner circumference that provides an effective inner circumference different from the first inner circumference.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a joining electrode including: an insulating layer; a recessed portion formed in the insulating layer; a covering layer formed on a side surface and a bottom surface of the recessed portion; and a joining metallic layer formed on the covering layer and having an upper surface protruding from a surface of the insulating layer.

Abstract: In a method for polishing a semiconductor wafer by rotating a work carrier and a table while pressing the semiconductor wafer retained by the work carrier against a polishing cloth mounted on the table, at a time when the table and the work carrier both having been at rest are rotated, each at a predetermined number of revolutions, in a condition that the polishing cloth and the semiconductor wafer are pressed against each other, to thereby start polishing, a table acceleration is maintained smaller than a work carrier acceleration. By such maintaining the table acceleration smaller than the work carrier acceleration, vibrations to be generated when the polishing is started can be prevented. In the method for polishing a semiconductor wafer according to the present invention, the diameter of the semiconductor wafer is preferably defined to be 30% or more of the diameter of the table.

Abstract: A method of grinding the tip of a blade which forms part of a rotor for a gas turbine engine is provided. The method includes mounting a plurality of blades in a disc to provide a blade assembly; mounting the blade assembly in a grinding apparatus; aligning the plurality of blades in a predetermined position using compressed fluid; and, grinding the blade tips.

Abstract: A system for grading the cut of a diamond utilizes a number of appearance metrics to generate scores for a number of cut components that affect cut quality. These cut components include brightness, fire, scintillation, overweight, durability, polish, and symmetry. The cut grading system employs a cut grading algorithm that processes the individual scores obtained for the cut components to generate an overall cut grade for the diamond. The scoring methodology and the cut grading algorithm are designed to emulate actual observation grading such that the overall cut grade represents a fair indication of the cut quality of the diamond. In one practical embodiment, the cut grading system is fully automated and computer-implemented.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a tire having depth indicators arranged along an interior tire surface and methods of removing material from an interior tire surface. Particular embodiments of the present invention include a tire having a pair of beads spaced axially along a rotational axis of the tire; an inner exposed surface extending between each pair of beads and annularly about the rotational axis of the tire, the inner exposed surface being spaced from an exterior surface of the tire by a thickness of the tire, the inner surface including a depth indicator having a feature, where the feature of the depth indicator corresponds to an inward distance extending from the inner exposed surface into a thickness of elastomeric material, the elastomeric material extending between the inner exposed surface and a reinforcement embedded within the tire thickness. Particular embodiments include a bladder for forming the tire.

Abstract: A displaceable carriage (10) and a linear guide for guiding the carriage, which includes a first guide path slideway (13, 31) and a second guide path slideway (32). To form the first slideway (13, 31), the carriage (10) includes at least one pocket (13), which slides along the first guide path part (31) and can hold lubricant under pressure to create a relieving force on the carriage (10). The second guide path part (32) includes an island-shaped surface to create a frictional force on the carriage (10). A pressure medium held in the at least one pocket (13, 14, 15) creates the relieving force, whereby the first slideway (13, 31) relieves the load on the second slideway (11a, 12a, 12b, 32).

Abstract: A method for preparing a functional structured surface includes the controlled removal of material from a film including at least one buried pore, the inner surface of the pore including at least one chemical linkage group, where the material is removed so as to expose part of the inner surface of the pore that is not affected by the removal of material.

Abstract: An abrasive element consisting substantially of a glass material that is at least partially devitrified.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling pressure or forces applied to a substrate in a polishing process is described. In one embodiment, a polishing system is described. The system includes a platen rotatably disposed on a base, the platen having a sidewall and a polishing pad disposed thereon forming an interior volume, and a pad pressure applicator disposed in the interior volume of the platen adjacent the underside of the polishing pad.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing residue from an edge of an item are disclosed. The method and apparatus are well-suited to assist in reconditioning used shelving units or deck units for store displays. In various embodiments, ticket holders are removed from the ticket edges of the units. Each unit is then placed on a conveyor and aligned with a guide edge. Optionally, magnets may hold each unit in place on the conveyor. The conveyor moves the units along at least one residue removing machine, and ideally, two residue removing or buffing machines in succession. The residue removing machines ideally include a rotating buffing wheel which strips residue such as glue from the ticket edge of the units. A vacuum can be used to collect debris produced from this process. Sensors may be positioned to sense the front edge of each unit and slide each residue removing machine into operating position at the right time once the front edge of each unit is in residue removing position.

Abstract: A method for producing a die for molding a ceramic honeycomb structure, which has molding grooves arranged in a lattice pattern and apertures communicating with the molding grooves for supplying a moldable material, wherein the formation of the lattice-patterned grooves by machining is conducted by a first machining operation for forming pluralities of first parallel grooves, and a second machining operation for forming second grooves crossing the first grooves; wherein the first and second machining operations are conducted by at least 2 passes of grinding or cutting using a rotating tool; and wherein the second machining operation is conducted by up-cutting in the second pass or later, and a method for producing a ceramic honeycomb structure using such a die.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cannula that can decrease the rate of increase in resistance that is generated when penetrating an incision formed in tissue. The cylindrical cannula (1) configures a trocar (B) used during surgery; an incision member (C) can be inserted and removed therewithin; one side of the end portion of the cylinder forms a protruding slanted cut end (2); and a tapered surface (3) having an uneven width and a width that is wider on the protruding side (the side of point 2a) of the slanted cut end than the non-protruding side (the side of point 2b) is formed on the outer periphery of the slanted cut end (2).

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for forming or polishing a concave or convex radius surface on a work-piece is described herein. The apparatus includes a carrier that is configured to support a work-piece. A substantially hollow rotatable tool, which includes a circumferential surface for either forming or polishing the radius surface, is positioned adjacent the carrier. An axis of rotation of the tool is oriented at an oblique angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the work-piece and a longitudinal axis of the carrier. Alternatively, the longitudinal axis of the work-piece may be laterally offset from the longitudinal axis of the carrier. The apparatus further includes provisions for rotating the hollow rotatable tool for forming or polishing a radius surface on the surface of the work-piece.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a base, a table rotatable on the base, and a plurality of arms extending above the table's top surface and extending laterally for supporting differently sized cylindrical objects above the top surface. An adjustment mechanism simultaneously adjusts the arms rotationally, such that the ends of the arms can be automatically adjusted to support any one of the differently sized objects without further change. A controller is programmed to automatically control the adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism includes a center gear connected to planetary gears on each of the arms, and a center shaft that extends upwardly through a tubular drive shaft, the center shaft being movable between a lowered position where the arms are locked to the table and a raised position where the center gear is fixed to the base such that the arms adjust position when the table is rotated by its drive mechanism.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adaptor for connecting a connector to a drug delivery device comprising at least a container for a product, said container comprising a distal tip and an axial passageway defined through said distal tip, said adaptor having a longitudinal axis A and being intended to be mounted on said distal tip, said adaptor including a first part and a second part, said first part being provided with unreleasable attaching means able to fix said first part to said distal tip, said second part being provided with connecting means able to connect said second part to said connector, said adaptor further including securing means able to anchor said first part to said second part. The invention also relates to a drug delivery device comprising one adaptor as described above and to a method for mounting such adaptor.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a Blazed diffraction grating configured to diffract incident light and made of a CdTe or CdZnTe crystal material includes the step of forming a plurality of grating grooves in a processed surface of a work through machining using a processing machine for the Blazed diffraction grating. The forming step forms the grating grooves so that among surfaces of gratings formed by the forming step, a surface that receives the incident light most is set to a (110) plane as a crystal orientation of the crystal material.

Abstract: An abrasive polishing slurry including abrasive particles in a carrier fluid and micro-nano members. A system and method for making an abrasive article using the polishing slurry is also disclosed. The system includes a gimballed dressing bar adapted to provide a compressive force sufficient to embed the abrasive particles into the substrate, wherein the members set a height the embedded abrasive particles protrude above the substrate.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for the recycling and recovery of carpet are disclosed herein. Devices, systems and methods for disassembling carpet into the various components used for carpet construction by abrasive removal and separation of components are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A wheel bearing has an outer member and a pair of inner rings. Double row balls are freely rollably contained between the outer and inner raceway surfaces, via cages, of the outer member and inner rings. A counter portion is formed near a groove bottom of the inner raceway surface. The counter portion has a diameter larger than a groove bottom diameter by a predetermined clearance. The counter portion is formed by a cylindrical portion and a tapered portion. The cylindrical portion axially extends from the inner raceway surface. The tapered portion reduces from the cylindrical portion toward a smaller end face of the inner ring. A transition portion, between the counter portion and the inner raceway surface, is smoothly formed by an arc with a radius of curvature 2.0-10.0 mm.

Abstract: A tool for a rotary drive apparatus having a housing and a rotary drive, such as a handheld power device, the tool including a shaft having a projecting portion and a retrieving portion, the received portion of the shaft being adapted to be received into the rotary drive; first and second rollers rotatably mounted on the projecting portion of the shaft, wherein the first roller is furthermost from the received portion; a surface treatment member fixed to the shaft between the first and second rollers; and a secondary elongate support having a fixing device to fixably mount the support to the housing and a mounting device rotatably mountable to support the projecting portion of the shaft at a position remotely spaced from the fixing means.