Abstract: Higher ketones are prepared by contacting, under suitable reaction conditions, a feed stream comprising (a) a primary alcohol of 2-6 carbon atoms per molecule (preferably ethanol, 1-propanol or 1-butanol) and (b) carbon monoxide with a catalyst composition containing copper oxide, zinc oxide and, optionally, alumina.

Abstract: Novel, liquid mixtures of isomeric aldehydes and alcohols are described in the C.sub.11 -C.sub.16 carbon range, the compounds being characterized by a main carbon branched at the position and moderate additional branching in most isomers; the aldehyde mixtures are prepared by an economic route from olefins involving oxo and aldol reaction with the reaction conducted in such a way as to give a high percentage of aldolable product, and preferably with a base catalyzed aldol reaction conducted under conditions to make high conversions attainable. The aldehyde mixtures can be hydrogenated to alcohols and converted to novel ethoxylates or sulfate compositions suitable for use as biodegradable detergents; or hydrogenated and oxidized to novel carboxylic acid compositions also suitable for detergent use.

Abstract: A compound having the general formula R.sub.x COH[COR].sub.y, wherein R is a lower alkyl hydrocarbon radical, y is 0 or 1, and x is 2 when y is 1 and 3 when y is 0, is prepared by admixing carbon monoxide, a transition metal halide, and an organomonolithium compound or an anionic equivalent thereof.

Abstract: A process for making an alkali metal alkoxide (e.g. sodium alkoxide) of a halogen-substituted alcohol (e.g. fluorine-substituted alcohols) by dispersing an alkali metal (e.g. sodium) in a cycloalkane (e.g. cyclohexane) containing a phenol (e.g. o-allylphenol) and adding the resultant dispersion to an ether (e.g. THF) solution of a halogen-substituted alcohol. The resultant alkali metal haloalkoxide solution contains phenoxides and can be reacted with a phosphonitrilic chloride polymer to introduce haloalkoxide and phenoxide substituents.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl;R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of normal or terminally singly branched alkyl or alkenyl groups having four to seven carbon atoms provided that:(i) when R.sup.1 is hydrogen the alkyl group must have at least five carbon atoms, and(ii) when R.sup.1 is methyl, R.sup.2 is an alkyl group.This invention is also concerned with odorant compositions containing these compounds.

Abstract: The process of decomposing a hydroperoxide by contacting the hydroperoxide with a catalytic quantity of a catalyst system comprised of chromium and ruthenium. The catalyst system is characterized by its high stability while exhibiting improved activity for hydroperoxide decomposition and selectivity to desired alcohol and ketone products.

Abstract: A method for decomposing organic hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols is described. A solution containing the organic hydroperoxides is contacted with cobalt borate or cobalt borate on titanium dioxide catalyst. The hydroperoxide is reduced to at least 0.2 wt. % of the effluent and often less than 0.09 wt. %. Cobalt borate has the added advantage of not leaching cobalt into the effluent unlike known cobalt oxide decomposition catalysts.

Abstract: Aliphatic alcohol compositions that burn with a luminous flame. Lower aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol burn with an essentially colorless flame. This is particularly hazardous when such alcohols are used as fuels for racing cars or other motor vehicles. If such alcohol fuels ignite during, for example, refueling or following a collision, the fire may initially go unnoticed because of virtually colorless flames. The alcohol compositions of the invention contain alcohol-soluble metal compounds such as compounds of sodium, barium and boron, which impart luminosity to the flames of such alcohol compositions. The alcohol compositions of the invention find utility as fuels for racing cars or other motor vehicles, as fuels for alcohol stoves and in other applications where lack of a luminous flame creates a safety hazard.

Abstract: A process is provided for the thermochemical conversion of biomass to useful gaseous and liquid organic products. The inventive process utilizes a catalyst to obtain increased yields of gaseous and liquid organic products and decreased yields, if any, of solid and semisolid tar/oils.

Abstract: Described are methods for augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfumes and perfumed articles by adding thereto perfume aroma augmenting or enhancing quantities of novel methyl substituted-2-oxohexane derivatives produced by dimerizing isoamylene (2-methyl-2-butene) and then oxidizing the resulting product using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide; and optionally reacting the resulting product with a methyl Grignard reagent such as methyl magnesium chloride followed by hydrolysis; as well as perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, hair preparations, perfumed polymers and deodorant compositions as well as bleaching compositions containing same.Also covered is the genus of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together represent oxygen; or wherein, taken separately, R.sub.1 is hydroxyl and R.sub.2 is methyl or R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to solid acidic or metal catalyst-promoted halogenation of methane to produce methyl monohalides in high selectivity. Concurrent or simultaneous hydrolysis provides methyl alcohol and/or dimethyl ether in good yields.

Abstract: Organosulfur compounds containing a C-S bond are decomposed by reaction with a reagent made from an alkali metal, a polyglycol or a monoalkyl ether thereof and oxygen, which effects decomposition by cleavage of the C-S bond.

Abstract: A novel, liquid mixture of C.sub.14 isomeric alcohols is described which is suitable for use in forming effective and biodegradable detergents, the alcohols being characterized by a 5-carbon branch at the 2-position and moderate additional branching in most isomers; the alcohols are prepared by a novel economic route from propylene dimer, involving oxo, aldol and hydrogenation reactions with the oxo reaction conducted in such a way as to give a high percentage of aldolable product and preferably with a base-catalyzed aldol reaction conducted under particular conditions to make high conversions attainable.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for oxidizing a hydrocarbon to produce a reaction mixture containing the corresponding organic hydroperoxide of said hydrocarbon and decomposing said hydroperoxide to provide a mixture containing reaction products of said decomposition reaction, including alcohol and/or ketone products, comprising effecting said oxidation and/or decomposition in the presence of a catalytic quantity of a catalyst system comprised of ruthenium and chromium.

Abstract: Described are methods for augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfumes and perfumed articles by adding thereto perfume aroma augmenting or enhancing quantities of novel methyl substituted-2-oxohexane derivatives produced by dimerizing isoamylene (2-methyl-2-butene) and then oxidizing the resulting product using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide; and optionally reacting the resulting product with a methyl Grignard reagent such as methyl magnesium chloride followed by hydrolysis; as well as perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, hair preparations, perfumed polymers and deodorant compositions as well as bleaching compositions containing same.Also covered is the genus of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together represent oxygen; or wherein, taken separately, R.sub.1 is hydroxyl and R.sub.2 is methyl or R.sub.

Abstract: Described is the genus of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds; wherein the wavy line represents a carbon-carbon single bond or no bond; wherein when the wavy line represents a carbon-carbon single bond, Z represents methylene and when the wavy line represents no bond, Z represents hydrogen or C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: New unsaturated fatty alcohols of the formula: ##STR1## in which n=2 or 4 are provided and are prepared by the novel process of reacting butadiene with water in the presence of a palladium salt and orthoboric acid, B(OH).sub.3, in a polar aprotic solvent.

Abstract: Described are compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## taken alone or in admixture wherein one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines are carbon-carbon single bonds; wherein R.sub.1 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sub.2 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; Z represents oxygen or sulfur; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, MgX, Li, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower acyl; and wherein X represents chloro, bromo or iodo and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma and/or taste of consumable materials such as perfume compositions, colognes, perfumed articles, e.g., solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions or dryer-added fabric softener articles, smoking tobaccos, chewing gums, chewing tobaccos, medicinal products or toothpastes.

Abstract: A novel substituted diene alcohol represented by a general formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents a group of the formula ##STR2## and a process for the preparation thereof wherein a lower alkoxycarbonyl group of a substituted diene carboxylic acid ester having an E configuration obtained by the treatment of a chrysanthemic acid ester with Bronsted acid or a substituted diene carboxylic acid ester having a Z configuration obtained by the thermal cleavage of a chrysanthemic acid ester is reduced to methylol derivative.

Abstract: Described is the genus of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds; wherein the wavy line represents a carbon-carbon single bond or no bond; wherein when the wavy line represents a carbon-carbon single bond, Z represents methylene and when the wavy line represents no bond, Z represents hydrogen or C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: New unsaturated fatty alcohols of the formula: ##STR1## in which n=2 or 4 are provided and are prepared by the novel process of reacting butadiene with water in the presence of a palladium salt and orthoboric acid, B(OH).sub.3, in a polar aprotic solvent.

Abstract: n-Octanol is obtained by (i) reacting butadiene with water in a solution containing water, a carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt of a monodentate tertiary amine, and sulpholane in the presence of a palladium compound and a hydrophilic monodentate phosphine, to form 2,7-octadien-1-ol; (ii) extracting 2,7-octadien-1-ol from at least part of the reaction mixture obtained in step (i) with a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, a monoolefinic hydrocarbon or an alicyclic hydrocarbon, and recycling the extraction residue to the 2,7-octadien-1-ol synthesis step (i); (iii) subjecting the extract layer containing 2,7-octadien-1-ol as obtained in step (ii) to distillation to distill off a large proportion of the extracting solvent therefrom, followed by distillation in the presence of water, whereby the extracting solvent remaining is distilled off in the form of an azeotropic mixture with water, to obtain a distillation residue; (iv) recovering 2,7-octadien-1-ol from the distillation residue obtained in step (iii) by distill

Abstract: Described for augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials including perfume compositions, perfumed articles (e.g., solid or liquid anonionic, cationic, nonionic, and zwitterionic detergents), colognes, foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, chewing tobaccos and medicinal products are certain Prins reaction products and derivatives thereof of diisobutylene defined according to the generic structures: ##STR1## wherein one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines represent a carbon-carbon single bond and wherein "R" represents hydrogen or acetyl.

Abstract: Described is the novel compound genus defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl and isopropyl alcohol and wherein the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds useful in augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials including perfumes, colognes, perfumed articles (including solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents) smoking tobacco or smoking tobacco articles.

Abstract: Methylenically-substituted undecadiene compounds having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of lower acyloxy, aryloxy having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy and hydroxy, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.13, R.sub.14, R.sub.15 and R.sub.16 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl, with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 and at least one of R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 must be hydrogen, are prepared by reacting a diene having the structural formula: ##STR2## with a conjugated diene having the structural formula: ##STR3## in the presence of a rhodium/trivalent phosphorus catalyst, with the atomic ratio of the trivalent phosphorus to the rhodium therein being at least 1.5. The compounds can be hydrogenated and saponified to form known alcohols which are precursors for biodegradable detergents.

Abstract: Described is the novel compound genus defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl useful in augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials including perfumes, colognes, perfumed articles (including a solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents) smoking tobacco and smoking tobacco articles.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are equal or different aliphatic radicals, if desired, branched, and R.sub.3 stands for H or CH.sub.3. The invention also relates to a process for making these compounds and their use as fragrant and flavoring products.

Abstract: Described are compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## taken alone or in admixture wherein one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines are carbon-carbon single bonds; wherein R.sub.1 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sub.2 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; Z represents oxygen or sulfur; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, MgX, Li, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower acyl; and wherein X represents chloro, bromo or iodo and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma and/or taste of consumable materials such as perfume compositions, colognes, perfumed articles, e.g., solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions or dryer-added fabric softener articles, smoking tobaccos, chewing gums, chewing tobaccos, medicinal products or toothpastes.

Abstract: Described is the genus of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds; wherein the wavy line represents a carbon-carbon single bond or no bond; wherein when the wavy line represents a carbon-carbon single bond, Z represents methylene and when the wavy line represents no bond, Z represents hydrogen or C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: Method for the use of heat, especially "Waste Heat", from geothermal steam or brines for the manufacture of chemicals such as alcohol, which comprises, according to one embodiment, flashing the brine to produce steam, passing the steam to a turbine for electrical energy generation, and employing the steam from the turbine discharge and/or the flashed brine to provide some or all of the heat requirements for the fermentation-distillation process for production of alcohols, e.g. (methanol and/or ethanol) from agricultural wastes. The method can also be utilized for the production by distillation and/or by industrial fermentation and/or by hydrolysis of other chemicals (such as furfural and acetone).

Abstract: Synthesis of the insect pheromone (9Z,11E)-9,11-hexadecadienal of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A process for preparing n-octadienol comprising the steps of:(i) reacting butadiene with water in an aqueous sulfolane solution having a water/sulfolane weight ratio in the range of 20/80 to 70/30 and containing carbonate and/or bicarbonate ions in the presence of (A) palladium or a palladium compound, (B) a monodentate phosphine of the formula: ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic, alicyclic or substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sup.

Abstract: 3,6-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-oct-1-ynes and -oct-1-enes and their esters with lower alkanoic acids, of the general formula I ##STR1## where X and Y are H or the two X's and/or the two Y's together are a further bond between the carbon atoms on which they are present, and R is H, --CO--CH.sub.3, --CO--C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or --CO--C.sub.3 H.sub.7, their use as scents, and a process for the preparation of 3,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-octane. The novel compounds exhibit interesting, predominantly floral, woody, herbal and fruity notes. The alcohols of the formula I are of particular importance because they serve as intermediates for a novel and particularly advantageous method of obtaining 3,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-octane, a compound required in large amounts as a fragrance for soaps and detergents.

Abstract: This invention relates to the manufacture of alcohols and derivatives thereof from the carbon residue of an organosilicon compound such that the resulting alcohol and derivatives thereof contain one carbon and one oxygen more than said carbon residue.

Abstract: A process for the production of cis and trans isomers of compounds having the formula ##STR1## in which R, R' and R" are independently hydrogen or alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, comprising(a) reacting the corresponding cis or trans isomer of a compound having the formula ##STR2## in which Q is an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, with paraformaldehyde and(b) hydrolyzing the resulting product to produce the unsaturated alcohol.

Abstract: A method if provided for continuously hydrolyzing urethane foam in a vertically oriented hydrolysis reactor. In a preferred practice, a bed of foam particles is formed in the reactor. Superheated steam is flowed continuously upward through the bed at a temperature and rate such that only the foam particles then adjacent the bottom of the reactor are hydrolyzed and the bulk of the bed is not fluidized. Unreacted steam heats the unhydrolyzed foam. Liquid hydrolysis products are drained as they are formed to prevent hydrolysis-impeding liquid saturation of unhydrolyzed particles.

Abstract: In an organic compound having a methlene group attached to a tertiary carbon atom thereof, preferential hydrogenation of the methylene group of the compound is effected by bringing hydrogen into contact with the compound in the presence of a nickel boride colloid.

Abstract: Beta deuterated 2-ethylhexanol and derivatives thereof, particularly esters of 2-d-2-ethylhexanol and mono- or dicarboxylic acids which are useful as lubricants, are provided. Improved resistance to oxidation is obtained with the deuterated ester products.

Abstract: Novel branched-chain monoalcohols and derivatives thereof are disclosed. Such derivatives are selected from the group consisting of(a) esters of aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic acids having at least 2 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 carboxyl groups;(b) urethanes of aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanates;(c) monoethers of polyalkylene oxide glycols having 2 to 50 alkylene oxide units each containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms and the alkylpolyoxyalkylene sulfates derived therefrom;(d) sulfates.The branched-chain monoalcohols are obtained by reduction of branched-chain monocarboxylic acids or esters thereof. Said acids are telomeric acids obtained by the free radical addition of 1 mole of acetic anhydride to at least three moles of hexene and/or higher olefins containing up to 30 or more carbon atoms (C.sub.30+) in the presence of a trivalent manganese compound. The products of this invention are suitable for use in engine lubricating oils, lubricant compositions for polymers and wax compositions.

Abstract: Exothermic hydroperoxide decomposition reactions catalyzed by solid polymeric acid catalysts are controlled by contacting the reactants with a thin film of the acid catalyst supported on the surface of an impermeable heat exchanger element and contacting the opposite side of the heat exchanger element with a heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: A process for asymmetrically hydrogenating through the use of microorganisms a double bond connected to tertiary carbon atom in an olefinic aliphatic compound to produce a tertiary, optically active aliphatic compound useful as an intermediate for optically active Vitamins E and K.

Abstract: Process for hydrogenating unsaturated compounds in the liquid phase in the presence of a soluble catalyst obtained by reacting an organometal derivative or a metal hydride with a synergistic mixture of (a) a compound of zinc, zirconium, manganese, molybdenum, or iron and (b) a nickel or cobalt compound.

Abstract: Synthesis and intermediates for making an insect pheromone useful in the control of the yellow scale.

Abstract: Synthesis and intermediates for making an insect pheromone useful in the control of the San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus.

Abstract: Decarboxylation of carboxylic acids using diazabicycloalkenes and, if desired, also a simple copper salt, as the means for decarboxylation.

Abstract: The characteristics of barium t-alkoxide salts used with organolithium compounds as catalyst complexes in the solution polymerization of unsaturated or oxirane monomers to make polymers such as rubbers is improved by reducing or eliminating the nitrogen content of the barium salt and, further, by using a certain mixture of tertiary carbinols and water in forming the barium salt. In certain instances water may be eliminated.

Abstract: A compound aerostat employing a primary lifting mixture of helium and methanol in a first enclosure and a secondary lifting mixture of ammonia in a second enclosure. Both enclosures are contained within a single envelope. The methanol in the primary enclosure gradually condenses out as the altitude increases yielding a decreasing lift with altitude up to the stratosphere to provide passive altitude stability to the system. An absorbent, metallic lithium is provided within a separate container and connected to controllably absorb the ammonia and thereby control the displacement of the secondary enclosure. The process is reversible with the application of heat by means of propane combustion or solar heating. Other absorbents are LiNO.sub.3, LiCl and CaCl.sub.2. This controllable displacement system can compensate for solar superheat and snow and ice accumulation and facilitate long endurance flights, especially in the troposphere.

Abstract: A method for the total synthesis of (1RS,4SR,5RS)-4-(4,8-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-7-nonenyl)-4-methyl-3,8-dioxabicyc lo[3.2.1]octane-1-acetic acid is described. The compound is active as a utero-evacuant agent.

Abstract: Derivatives, analogs, and congeners of prostane having a 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-oxo-prostane structure in the F.sub.1 series.

Abstract: A process for preparing glycol aldehyde by reacting formaldehyde, hydrogen and carbon monoxide at elevated temperature and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of rhodium catalyst and conversion thereof to ethylene glycol as the substantially exclusive polyol product.