Abstract: Higher trialkylaluminum compounds may be made by forming ?-olefin by oligomerizing ethylene using a transition metal containing catalyst, reacting the ?-olefins formed with a lower trialkylaluminum compound to form higher trialkylaluminum compound(s) These may optionally be oxidized, as with oxygen, to form higher trialkoxyaluminum compound, which in turn may be hydrolyzed to ?-alcohols. In one variation of the process lower ?-olefins and higher (relatively) ?-alcohols may be formed and isolated. Higher trialkylaluminum compounds and ?-alcohols are useful as chemical intermediates, while lower ?-olefins are useful as monomers for polyolefins.

Abstract: Higher trialkylaluminum compounds may be made by forming &agr;-olefin by oligomerizing ethylene using a transition metal containing catalyst, reacting the &agr;-olefins formed with aluminum and hydrogen to form higher trialkylaluminum compounds. These may optionally be oxidized, as with oxygen, to form higher trialkoxyaluminum compound, which in turn may be hydrolyzed to &agr;-alcohols. Higher trialkylaluminum compounds and &agr;-alcohols are useful as chemical intermediates.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for functionalizing a double bond and, more particularly, a double bond bearing a metalloid atom. Said functionalization is produced by the action of perhalogenated sulphonyl chloride on the carbon bearing sulphur in the presence of a free radical initiator, preferably by homolytic cleavage. The invention is useful in organic synthesis.

Abstract: A process for labeling organic compounds with deuterium and tritium is described using specific catalysts.

Abstract: A water soluble bactericide is obtained by ozone-oxidizing glycerin. Specifically, a 0.1 to 20% glycerin aqueous solution and gas phase ozone obtained by ozonizing oxygen through contact between oxygen and a silent discharge field, are brought into gas-liquid contact with each other, thereby to ozone-oxdize glycerin. Alternatively, a 0.1 to 20% glycerin aqueous solution is electrolyzed, thereby to produce ozone directly in the glycerin aqueous solution.

Abstract: Processes are provided for producing propargyl alcohol in an industrially advantageous manner. One of the processes comprises reaction of 1,2,3-trichloropropane with 3 equivalents or more of an alkali compound to produce propargyl alcohol. The other process comprises (1) a first step of reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol with an amine to produce chloroallyl alcohol, and (2) a second step of reaction of the chloroallyl alcohol obtained in the above step (1) with an alkali compound to produce propargyl alcohol.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to a process for the trifluoromethylation of sulfates, including cyclic and acyclic sulfates. The subject invention further pertains to the compounds produced by the trifluoromethylation of sulfates.

Abstract: Methods for continuously producing 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol (2,3-DCH) and epichlorohydrin in high yields and in a stabel manner for a long time are disclosed. In a method where allyl alcohol is chorinated in a hyrochloric acid solution and the reaction solution is introduced into a degassing tower to release hydrogen chloride and 2,3-DCH is obtained from the remaining solution, the concentraton of chlorine in the reaction mixture to be introduced into the degassing tower is maintaining to 0.015 g/ml or less and/or the partial pressure of chlorine gas in the reactor immediately before the degassing tower to 0.08 MPa or less, by monitoring and/or the partial pressure of chlorine gas in the reactor immediately before the degassing tower to 0.

Abstract: A detergent composition having cold water solubility and exhibiting high calcium tolerance can be produced from biodegradable branched ether derivative compositions derived from a branched ether primary alcohol represented by the formula: wherein R1 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R2 represents a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, x is a number ranging from 0 to 16, preferably from 3 to 13, wherein the total number of carbon atoms in the alcohol ranges from 9 to 24.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for the preparation of a unique profile of primary aliphatic alcohols, having 24 to 30 carbon atoms, from the wax secreted by the insect Ericerus pela. Included in the present invention is the composition of matter, referred to herein as “polycosanol” produced by the method of this invention. The polycosanol composition is comprised primarily of the four primary aliphatic alcohols, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol and triacontanol. Further included in this invention is the use of said composition of matter for the prevention and treatment of obesity, syndrome X, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerotic complications, ischemia and thrombosis.

Abstract: An alkyl gycol ether having the following formula 1

Abstract: A process for producing saleable liquids from organic material comprising the following steps. Providing organic material and separating it into solids, liquids and vapour. Reacting the liquids, combining it with water vapour and producing a volatized gas stream. Removing nitrogen dioxide from the gas stream to produce a scrubbed volatized gas stream. Reacting the scrubbed volatized gas stream with water vapour to produce a combined volatized gas stream. Removing carbon dioxide from the combined volatized gas stream to produce a subtracted volatized gas stream. Reacting the subtracted volatized gas stream with methanol to produce an enhanced volatized gas stream. Distilling the enhanced volatized gas stream to produce ethanol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system of making an olefin derivative from a dilute olefin feed. Dilute olefin is sent to an olefin reaction unit to form an olefin derivative product. The olefin derivative product is recovered from the reaction unit while a vent stream is also removed. Olefin is separated from the vent stream, and the olefin is sent to the olefin reaction unit for additional processing.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a highly linear alcohol composition is provided comprising the steps of: (a) reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen under Fischer-Tropsch reaction conditions in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising cobalt; (b) separating from the product of step (a) at least one hydrocarbon fraction comprising between 10 and 50% by weight of olefins containing 6 or more carbon atoms; (c) contacting one or more of the hydrocarbon fractions obtained in step (b) with carbon monoxide and hydrogen under hydroformylation conditions in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst based on a source of cobalt and one or more alkyl phosphines; and (d) recovering the alcohol composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a naturally obtained mixture of higher molecular weight primary aliphatic alcohols which contain 20 to 34 carbon atoms. This invention also relates to the process for obtaining the alcohol mixture by extraction and purification with organic solvents from a natural product, such as beeswax with and without saponification of the natural product. The alcohol mixture obtained from beeswax has enhanced purity and contains a mixture of alcohols having 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32 and 34 carbon atoms. The alcohol mixture is useful in pharmaceutical compositions, foodstuffs and dietary supplements and is effective for lowering cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and increasing HDL-cholesterol levels so that it is effective in treating hypercholesterolemia.

Abstract: A process for the production of a dialkyl carbonate and a diol from a cyclic carbonate and an aliphatic monohydric alcohol wherein the cyclic carbonate and aliphatic monohydric alcohol are reacted in the presence of a transesterification catalyst to form a crude product stream which contains a dialkyl carbonate, a diol, a hydroxy alkyl carbonate, which is formed as an intermediate of the two step transesterification reaction, unreacted aliphatic monohydric alcohol and unreacted cyclic carbonate. The dialkyl carbonate and unreacted aliphatic monohydric alcohol are separated from the crude product stream and then the hydroxy alkyl carbonate is diminished, reduced or eliminated from the crude product stream, prior to the separation and purification steps needed to recover the diol, resulting in improved yields and product purity.

Abstract: Polyalkene alcohol polyalkoxylates R—(CH2)n—(O—A)m—OH, where R is a polyalkene radical derived from C2- to C30-alkenes and having a number average molecular weight from 300 to 5000, A is an alkylene group of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, m is a number up to 200, with the proviso that the oxygen in the oxyalkylate radical accounts for at least 16.5% by weight of the number average molecular weight of the total molecule I, and n is 0 or 1, are suitable as carrier oils in fuel and lubricant compositions.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing highly soluble metal alkoxides includes the step of reacting a tertiary alcohol having the formula: 1

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for producing alcohols, particularly methanol, according to an alcohol synthesis process. The apparatus comprises a catalytic distillation reactor where reactants are fed into the catalytic distillation reactor to undergo catalytic reaction to form methanol. Methanol production beyond the thermodynamic limit is achieved in the apparatus through use of multiple distillation stages, preferably at least three.

Abstract: Mixtures of isomeric nonanols and decanols are obtained by joint aldol condensation of n-butanal and pentanals, and up to 1% by weight of 3-methylbutanal, hydrogenation of the aldol condensation product to the corresponding saturated alcohols, and separation from the reaction mixture of the components boiling at temperatures lower than those of the nonanols and decanols. The pentanals are mixtures of 60 to 90% by weight of n-pentanal and 10 to 40% by weight of 2-methylbutanal. The alcohol mixture is especially suitable for preparing ester plasticizers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a naturally obtained mixture of higher molecular weight primary aliphatic alcohols which contain 20 to 34 carbon atoms. This invention also relates to the process for obtaining the alcohol mixture by extraction and purification with organic solvents from a natural product, such as beeswax with and without saponification of the natural product. The alcohol mixture obtained from beeswax has enhanced purity and contains a mixture of alcohols having 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32 and 34 carbon atoms. The alcohol mixture is useful in pharmaceutical compositions, foodstuffs and dietary supplements and is effective for lowering cholesterol levels so that it is effective in treating hypercholesterolemia.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing higher oxo alcohols from mixtures of isomeric olefins having from 5 to 24 carbon atoms by hydroformylation in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperature and at elevated pressure, in which the hydroformylation is carried out in one stage, the olefin conversion rate for one pass is restricted to from 40 to 90% to produce a reaction mixture, and the reaction mixture is selectively hydrogenated.

Abstract: Alkali metal alkoxides are prepared by reacting alkali metal amalgam with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst comprising iron having a carbon content of at least 0.3% by weight.

Abstract: A process that can be used for producing an alkali metal alcoholate such as sodium alcoholate or for removing a residual mixture containing alkali metal and alkaline earth metal from a vessel such as, for example, a tank car or storage tank used in manufacturing an alkali metal is disclosed. The process comprises contacting a mixture, which comprises an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal, with an alcohol under a condition sufficient to produce an alkali metal alcoholate and alkaline earth metal alcoholate and, optionally, separating and recovering the alkali metal alcoholate.

Abstract: This invention relates in part to processes for producing one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols which comprise reacting one or more substituted or unsubstituted alkadienes with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a metal-ligand complex catalyst and a promoter and optionally free ligand to produce said one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols. The substituted and unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction(s) to afford desired derivatives thereof. This invention also relates in part to reaction mixtures containing one or more substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated alcohols as principal product(s) of reaction.

Abstract: The polymers of the invention are characterized by having at least one pendent ester group having a tertiary carbon atom attached to the ester oxygen atom in which at least one substituent of the tertiary carbon atom comprises at least one silicon atom. The polymer compositions of the present invention are useful as resist materials for lithography, in particular as the imaging layer or as the top imaging layer in a bilayer resist scheme for use in the manufacture of integrated circuits. The silicon-containing tertiary alcohols and esters of the present invention enable the preparation of polymers with relatively high silicon content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing magnesium alkoxide by conversion of magnesium with an alcohol, characterized in that magnesium is used in piece form. The invention also relates to the use of magnesium alkoxide obtained according to the present invention as a feedstock for chemical or pharmaceutical processes, or for manufacturing catalysts or as an anhydrous neutralizing agent.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of 6,6-dimethylhept-1-en-4-yn-3-ol comprising of reacting t-butylacetylene with a proton-extracting agent selected from the group consisting of an organometallic compound and metallic lithium to form a t-butylacetylide, reacting the acetylide with acrolein at temperatures between −40° C. to +20° C., quenching the reaction mixture and isolating the product.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fluorinating agent represented by the general formula (1): wherein R1 to R4 are a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and can be the same or different; R1 and R2 or R3 and R4 can bond to form a ring including a nitrogen atom or a nitrogen atom and other hetero atoms; or R1 and R3 can bond to form a ring including a nitrogen atom or a nitrogen atom and other hetero atoms, for example: a preparation process of the fluorinating agent and a process for preparing fluorine compounds by reacting various compounds with the fluorinating agent. The invention has also disclosed that the fluorinating agent is very effective for fluorinating oxygen containing functional compounds.

Abstract: Alcohols suitable for plasticizer ester manufacture and acids are made by cofeeding olefins to oxonation, aldolizing the resulting aldehyde and hydrogenating the resulting unsaturated aldehydes, optionally dehydrating a part of the alcohol thereby made and returning the resulting olefin to oxonation, or oxidizing the aldehydes.

Abstract: Provided are a process for producing 6-methyl-3-hepten-2-one by cross aldol condensation carried out while each continuously adding to acetone, isovaleraldehyde and an aqueous alkali containing an alkaline substance; a process for producing a 6-methyl-2-heptanone analogue represented by Formula (1): wherein n is an integer of 0 or 1 or more; which comprises allowing hydrogen, acetone and an aldehyde represented by Formula (2): wherein n is as defined above; X and Y each represents a hydrogen atom or they are coupled together to form a carbon-carbon bond; and Z and W each represents a hydrogen atom or they are coupled together to form a carbon-carbon bond; to react in the presence of an aqueous alkali containing an alkaline substance, and a hydrogenation catalyst; and a process for producing phytone or isophytol using the 6-methyl-3-hepten-2-one or the 6-methyl-2-heptanone analogue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a naturally obtained mixture of higher molecular weight primary aliphatic alcohols which contain 24 to 34 carbon atoms. This invention also relates to the process for obtaining the alcohol mixture by extraction and purification with organic solvents from beeswax without saponification ofthe beeswax. The alcohol mixture obtained from beeswax has enhanced purity and contains a mixture of alcohols having 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32 and 34 carbon atoms. The alcohol mixture is useful in pharmaceutical compositions, foodstuffs and dietary supplements and is effective for lowering cholesterol in LDL-C levels so that it is effective in treating hypercholesterolemia. Consequently the composition may be used to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, the atherosclerotic process (platelet hyperaggregability, ischemia and thrombosis) and also acts as an anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic agent.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention relates to a reagent and a process useful for cleaving a functional group protected by an alkoxycarbonyl group during an organic synthesis. This reagent comprises: a) an aqueous phase; b) a catalyst comprising at least one group VIII element in the periodic table of elements and at least one water-soluble ligand, wherein the group VIII element in the periodic table is maintained in the aqueous phase by the formation of a complex with at least one water-soluble ligand; and c) a nucleophilic compound soluble in the aqueous phase; and optionally d) an organic phase.

Abstract: Process for the telomerization of dienesThe present invention relates to a process for the telomerization of dienes, according to which the diene is reacted with a compound containing an active hydrogen atom in the presence of a palladium compound, a water-soluble phosphine ligand and a base, the water-soluble ligand being a bidentate ligand having the following formula I ##STR1## in which R is identical or different and is phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkyl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals R',R' is identical or different and is SO.sub.3.sup.- M.sup.+, --NMe.sub.3.sup.+ or --COO.sup.- M.sup.+,n is an integer from 1 to 6, in each case based on a naphthyl backbone, andM is H, Na, K, Cs or R".sub.4 N.sup.+ where R" is identical or different and is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkyl.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing myxopyronins and corallopyronins, compounds useful as antibacterial therapeutics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter which are useful for the preparation of pyronin antibiotics.

Abstract: An efficient method for the preparation of key intermediate, in the synthesis of (-)-6-chloro-4-cyclopropylethynyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-ben zoxazin-2-one, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor is achieved using a chiral addition reaction to the 4-chloro-2-trifluoromethylketoaniline with an organozinc complex to give the desired alcohol. This instant method has broad applicability in the chiral addition to any prochiral ketone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provides for decontamination of soil from contaminates such as polychlorinated biphenyls. The method involves (a) admixing a short chain alcohol and a ethoxylated alcohol to provide a solvent composition, (b) admixing the solvent composition with the contaminated soil to extract the contaminant from the soil into the solvent to form contaminated solvent, (c) separating the soil from the contaminated solvent, (d) washing of the decontaminated soil with water to remove residual solvent from the soil, and (e) distillation of the contaminated solvent to separate the reusable short chain alcohol as a light fraction from a heavy fraction containing the ethoxylated alcohol and the contaminant.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing myxopyronins and corallopyronins, compounds useful as antibacterial therapeutics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter which are useful for the preparation of pyronin antibiotics.

Abstract: Both enantiomers of optically active 2-alkanol are produced by transesterification reaction of racemic 2-alkanol and aliphatic acid 2,2,2-trichloroethylester in the presence of enzyme derived from Candida antarctica.Both enantiomers of optically active 2-alkanol, which are useful as starting materials of liquid crystal materials and have optical purity of 99% or more, can be efficiently produced.

Abstract: A process comprising subjecting at least one compound containing at least one carbon--carbon double bond or at least one carbon--carbon triple bond, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, to a hydrocarbonylation reaction in supercritical carbon dioxide, in the presence of a Group VIII transition metal catalyst precursor, and a phosphite ligand.

Abstract: A process for the nitration of an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound with a nitrating agent comprising nitric acid or a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids, characterised in that nitration is performed in a solvent comprising at least 50% v/v of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl ester of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 carboxylic acid. The process is of particular use for the nitration of diphenyl ethers to give compounds which are useful as herbicides or as intermediates in the synthesis of herbicides.

Abstract: A process for producing unsaturated fatty compounds having improved low-temperature properties bya) splitting lauric oils into fatty acids and glycerol,b) subjecting the fatty acids to fractional crystallization to obtain a fraction of unsaturated fatty acids, andc) hydrogenating the unsaturated fatty acids, optionally after converting the unsaturated fatty acids into their lower alkyl esters, to form unsaturated fatty alcohols having an iodine value of from about 85 to about 100.

Abstract: The object of the present invention resides in efficiently providing unsaturated alcohol from an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde.The present invention provides a process for preparing unsaturated alcohol by selectively reducing the aldehyde group of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde in the presence of a primary or a secondary alcohol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms using an aluminum alcoholate to produce an unsaturated alcohol such as compounds represented by the formula (III). ##STR1## (wherein R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms) wherein the reaction is carried out with addition of a protonic acid.

Abstract: Described is a microbiological method for producing C.sub.9, C.sub.11 and C.sub.13 alkanols defined according to the structures: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is methyl or n-propyl using ketones defined according to the generic structure: ##STR2## as a substrate and using the microorganism: Pseudomonas cepacia ATCC 55792or mutants thereof.

Abstract: Synthesis of small quantities of compounds such as methanol from reagents, especially radio-labelled reagents such as .sup.11 C oxides, in a carrier gas by a catalytic reaction using a catalyst that has been pre-conditioned for the reaction by previous use for the desired reaction and has then been passivated, or has been maintained in the pre-conditioned state, until contacted with said carrier gas. Where the product is adsorbed by the catalyst, it may be desorbed by heating or displaced by contacting the catalyst with a material, e.g. a catalyst poison that is more strongly adsorbed. Such a more strongly adsorbed material may react with the adsorbed catalytic product to produce a desired product.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for preparing 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde from 3,3-dimethylbutanol using an oxidizing component. In one embodiment, 3,3-dimethylbutanol is oxidized to 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde in the vapor phase by contacting it with an oxidizing metal oxide compound. In another embodiment, the oxidation of 3,3-dimethylbutanol is carried out by treating it with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy, free radical and an oxidizing agent in a solvent to produce 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde. The method of this invention provides a commercially practicable means of preparing 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde.

Abstract: A mixture of higher primary aliphatic alcohols of 22 to 38 carbon atoms can be obtained by saponifying and extracting steps with organic solvents from sugar cane wax. The mixture which contains tetracosanol, hexacosanol, heptacosanol, octacosanol, nonacosanol, triacontanol, dotriacontanol and tetratriacontanol can be used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerotic complications as platelet hyperaggregabiulity, ischemia and thrombosis, and prevents drug induced gastric ulcer and improves male sexual activity.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of high yields of .delta.-lactones and 5-hydroxy fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids which are free or esterified with glycerol is disclosed. The .delta.-lactones may be produced by reacting one or more .DELTA..sup.5 or .DELTA..sup.6 unsaturated fatty acids in the presence of an acid, clay or zeolite catalyst. Alternatively, the .delta.-lactones may be produced by reacting one or more triglycerides which are esters of glycerol with .DELTA..sup.5 or .DELTA..sup.6 unsaturated fatty acids with the same catalysts. Because the .delta.-lactones may be produced from the triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids, the process may be practiced using naturally occurring plant oils directly, without the need for any preliminary steps of saponification. Optionally, the .delta.-lactones so formed may be further reacted with an alkali in an aqueous solution to produce 5-hydroxy fatty acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of light olefins comprising olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule from a crude oxygenate feedstock. The crude oxygenate feedstock comprises an alcohol, and water. The process comprises passing the crude oxygenate feedstock to catalyst to a distillation with reaction zone to convert the alcohol to an ether and produce an ether product having a reduced water relative to the crude oxygenate feedstock and a first water stream. The ether product is passed to an oxygenate conversion zone containing a metal aluminosilicate catalyst to produce a light olefin stream.

Abstract: A process has been discovered to employ an inert or unreactive solvent in the liquid phase process for production of isopropyl alcohol and diisopropyl ether from a propylene-rich hydrocarbon feedstream and water where the process is carried out in contact with acidic aluminosilicate catalyst particles. When an inert solvent is used, oxygenates production is enhanced and catalyst productivity is substantially increased.