Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for calibrating a transmitter system. A directional coupler is configured to provide a first signal representative of a forward power of an RF signal and a second signal representative of a reflected power of the RF signal. A splitting assembly is configured to generate respective third and fourth signals, each representative of the forward power, from the first signal. A switching assembly is configured to select between the second signal and the third signal. A system control is configured to determine an associated power of each of the fourth signal and a signal provided by the switching assembly.

Abstract: A single slope AD converter circuit includes a comparator that compares a ramp voltage varying with a predetermined slope as time elapses with an analog input voltage, a counter that counts a predetermined clock in parallel with the comparing process of the comparator, and a controller that outputs a clock count value corresponding to elapsed time when the ramp voltage is smaller than the analog input voltage, as an AD converted first digital value. The comparator compares the ramp voltage with a predetermined first reference voltage, the counter counts the clock in parallel with the comparing process, and the controller outputs the clock count value corresponding to the elapsed time as an AD converted second digital value.

Abstract: Aspects of charger detection and optimization prior to host control are described herein. In various embodiments, a condition of whether reverse current is present on a system bus is detected. When the condition for reverse current is present, reverse current is sunk by one or more of various reverse current sink circuits. By relying upon one or more of the reverse current sink circuits, for safety, to address or mitigate the condition for reverse current, a detector may be able to identify or distinguish among several different types of charger or charging ports coupled to a system bus allowing a charger to be selected optimally. Further, an indicator of the type of charger or charging port coupled to the system bus is communicated over a single pin interface, for backwards compatibility with circuits capable of identifying between only two different types of chargers.

Abstract: A power distribution unit (PDU) disposable in an electrical equipment rack. The PDU has a housing, a power input penetrating the housing, outlets in the housing, a processor disposed in the housing, voltage and current sensors, and a voltage calculation procedure communicable with the processor. The processor samples voltage and current waveforms and calculates RMS values and other power parameters. A method of managing electrical loads each drawing electrical power from a PDU includes repeatedly sampling voltage across and current flowing through each of the loads, calculating raw RMS values of voltage and current, and scaling the raw RMS values to obtain corrected RMS voltage and current values and other power parameters.

Abstract: Example embodiments of a processor current monitor include a switching voltage regulator including a series-connected LC filter including a first inductor, with the first inductor having an inductance value of L1, a first terminal coupled to a switch and a second terminal coupled to a first node, and with the LC filter further including a first capacitor, with the first capacitor having a capacitance value of C1, a first terminal coupled to the first node and a second terminal coupled to a second node, where the switch is configured to couple the inductor to an input voltage at a selected frequency and with the switching voltage regulator configured to supply an output current from the first node to a processor, an inductor current monitoring element 729, coupled to the first inductor, configured to output a first signal indicating the magnitude of current flowing through the first inductor, a capacitor current monitoring element 719, coupled to the first capacitor, configured to output a second signal indica

Abstract: Depending on a sensor signal, a noise signal which suppresses a useful signal spectrum of the sensor signal is determined by filtering using a filter. A noise variable, which is a measure of a noise of the sensor signal, is determined depending on the noise signal. An error of the sensor signal is identified depending on the noise variable determined.

Abstract: A method of checking an error vector magnitude of transmitter in accordance with some embodiments of the inventive concept may include dividing a transmission baseband signal which the transmitter transmits into a plurality of processing units; performing a transmitter function and an ideal receiver function with respect to each of the plurality of processing units; generating a reception baseband signal by recombining a processing result of each of the plurality of processing units; and calculating an error vector magnitude (EVM) by comparing the transmission baseband signal with the reception baseband signal. A simplified method of checking an error vector magnitude of transmitter in accordance with some embodiments of the inventive concept may include generating symbols composed of only pilots; generating symbol composed of only data; and checking an error vector magnitude (EVM) using the all the symbols.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods in accordance with this invention provide a multi-cell power supply for receiving power from a source and delivering power at an output terminal to a load. The multi-cell power supply includes a first power cell coupled to the source, and a first current sensor circuit. The first power cell provides a first output current, and includes a first output terminal coupled to a reference node of the multi-cell power supply, and a second output terminal coupled to the output terminal. The first current sensor circuit includes a first current sensor and a power supply. The first current sensor is coupled to the first output terminal of the first power cell, and measures the first output current. The power supply is coupled to either the reference node or a floating ground node of the first power cell, and provides power to the first current sensor.

Abstract: An interconnection verification means for sensors and a software implementation of interconnection verification between cabling and sensors in large, multi-channel test configurations are disclosed. In a preferred embodiment the sensor assembly comprises a sensor and an indicator electrically connected inline with the sensor. In a preferred embodiment the indicator is an LED. In an even more preferred embodiment, the sensor is an IEPE.

Abstract: An operating mode of a charging/supplying system in which a vehicle is connected with a first external device or a second external device via a connecting portion used in common in a charging mode in which an electric storage device installed on the vehicle is charged with electric power from the first external device and a supplying mode in which electric power is supplied from the vehicle to the second external device, and which is operable in a selected one of the charging mode and the supplying mode, is identified. More specifically, a plurality of detection values are detected from at least one electric connection channel provided between the vehicle and the first external device or the second external device via the connecting portion, and it is determined whether the operating mode of the charging/supplying system is the charging mode or the supplying mode, based on a combination of the plurality of detection values.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining a power supply electrical current capacity. In one example, an operating circuit is placed into an operating mode that causes the operating circuit to have a determined electrical current consumption. A charging circuit that is electrically connected in parallel with the operating circuit is configured to provide a maximum charging current to a power pack. After configuring the charging circuit, a value of a measured charging current provided to the power pack is received. After receiving the value of the measured charging current, an electrical current supply capacity value of the external power supply is determined as a function of the determined electrical current consumption and the value of the measured charging current.

Abstract: A silicon device, e.g., a nanoelectromechanical resonator, has a silicon substrate; an oxide layer having a trench therein; a silicon device layer over the oxide layer; and a nanowire disposed at least partly over the trench. Substantially no oxide or polysilicon is over the nanowire in the trench. A polyimide layer over the silicon device layer includes an opening over the trench. A silicon device can include silicon-on-insulator layers and at least one complementary metal-oxide semiconductor transistor in addition to a nanowire substantially suspended over a trench. A system for measurement of a nanoresonator includes an AC source in series with the nanoresonator to provide an electrical signal thereto at a selected first frequency. Electrode(s) adjacent to and spaced apart from the nanoresonator are driven by voltage source. A detector detects a current through the nanoresonator.

Abstract: An electrical energy system that is one embodiment includes at least one electrical energy module. The electrical energy module includes a monitoring device disposed within the energy module and a control device. Data can be transmitted between the energy module and the control device by means of structure-borne sound.

Abstract: A monitoring system comprises a module having at least one sensor which could be an electric-field sensor within a housing. The device may be durable or disposable. A receiver may be provided to obtain and display data from the module. The module may also display the output data. The output data comprises both detected and derived data relating to physiological and contextual parameters of the wearer and may be transmitted directly to a local recipient or remotely over a communications network. The system is capable of deriving and predicting the occurrence of a number of physiological and conditional states and events and reporting the same as output data.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring current drain and reporting power consumption using current transformer with primary windings made of low ohmic alloy, enabling the use of the secondary coil to power the sensing and reporting circuits eliminating the power wasted by AC-DC power adaptors used for the current sensors. The saving is substantial as the current sensors will not drain a current when the AC outlets are disconnected from a load or when the load is switched off. The apparatus using low ohmic alloy is extended to the structuring of terminals, including power pins, power sockets and combinations to provide a low ohmic sensing elements in AC plugs, outlets, adaptors and extension cables with multi outlets, dissipating the heat from the sensing elements by the plugs and the larger metal heat dissipation.

Abstract: A device for allowing an electrical worker to use a non-contact voltage detector to check for the presence or absence of voltage inside a closed electrical panel is provided. The device includes an assembly having a front side and an opposite back side, a plurality of posts extending outwardly from the back side of and configured to hold wires in a fixed position within the closed electrical panel, and a plurality of indentations in the front side which form protrusions on the back side and are positioned to allow for positioning the non-contact voltage detector proximate the wires for testing with the non-contact voltage detector.

Abstract: A system including a counting module, a difference module, and a radar module. The counting module counts polarity reversals of samples of a signal. The samples are generated during a first period, a second period, and a third period. The counting module generates a first count, a second count, and a third count of the polarity reversals counted during the respective periods. The difference module determines a first difference between the first count and the second count, a second difference between the second count and the third count, and a third difference between the first difference and the second difference. The radar module determines variation in frequency of the signal based on the first count and the second count, and determines a type of radar present in the signal based on one or more of the third difference and the variation in the frequency of the signal.

Abstract: To restrict a bowing amount of a piezoelectric actuator, provided is a switching apparatus comprising a contact point section including a first contact point; and an actuator that moves a second contact point to contact or move away from the first contact point. The actuator includes a first piezoelectric film that expands and contracts according to a drive voltage to change a bowing amount of the actuator, and a second piezoelectric film that is provided in parallel with the first piezoelectric film and restricts bowing of the actuator when the drive voltage is not being supplied to the first piezoelectric film.

Abstract: A high voltage sensing circuit with temperature compensation comprises a first series of resistors in parallel with a second series of resistors. The first series includes a material with a different temperature coefficient of resistance than in the second series. A voltage measurement circuit calculates a high voltage by use of a voltage across a resistor in the first series and a voltage differential between the series.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide method and apparatus for detecting attributes of an input power supply. The method includes receiving a first signal generated based on a second signal that is predictive. The first signal includes a portion that substantially corresponds to the second signal. Further, the method includes detecting attributes of the portion of the first signal that substantially corresponds to the second signal, and determining attributes of the second signal based on the attributes of the portion of the first signal that substantially corresponds to the second signal.

Abstract: A safe powerline communications instrumentation front end device including a voltage input for receiving a line voltage from a powerline, a voltage reducer for reducing the voltage of the line voltage, a filtering system for extracting a Power Line Communications (PLC) signal from the line voltage, and an analog output for outputting the PLC signal as an analog signal for communications test equipment.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a plurality of capacitor cells connected in series in a capacitor module which are used as electrical energy stores in an energy storage device and which can be charged in same by a charge current flowing through all the capacitor cells or discharged by a discharge current. The system includes a measuring unit which can determine the voltages applied to the individual capacitor cells by measuring voltages, an evaluation unit which sets a nominal voltage for the capacitor cells, and at least one discharge branch connectable to each capacitor cell and controllable by a discharge control unit which discharges a respective capacitor cell onto said discharge branch depending upon the set nominal voltage and the applied voltage.

Abstract: A mounting structure for a continuity testing unit is provided in which the plurality of continuity testing units can easily be mounted to or removed from a test board without using the bolt or the intricately-shaped pin, and which improves the efficiency of restoring the mounting arrangement of the continuity testing units. The mounting structure for a continuity testing unit includes a plurality of parallely-arranged rails arranged at a frame, a joint block arranged on the respective rails and a plurality of continuity testing units each including a plate portion and a pin portion arranged at the plate portion. The joint block includes a plurality of holes into which the pin portion is fitted in a disengageable manner. The plurality of holes is arranged in two lines. The plate portion is placed on the joint blocks on the two adjacent rails.

Abstract: A current flowing through a switching element (5) of a power supply is detected by an AC current transformer (8), and a capacitor (201) is charged by a voltage corresponding to the current. A reduction factor of the terminal voltage of the capacitor in an off period of the switching element (5) is calculated based on an amplification factor of the terminal voltage of the capacitor, an absolute value of an instantaneous value of an input power supply voltage, and an instantaneous value of a direct current output voltage, and the capacitor is discharged so that the terminal voltage of the capacitor decreases by the reduction factor in an off period of the switching element (5). A current flowing through an inductor (4) is estimated from the terminal voltage of the capacitor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus configured to detect electromagnetic field events are disclosed. One apparatus includes an antenna and a circuit electrically connected to the antenna. The circuit includes electronics communicatively connected to the antenna via a direct current isolation circuit and an equalizer compensating for the differentiating frequency response of the antenna. The circuit also includes a logarithmic amplifier electrically connected to the equalizer and configured to generate a range of signals based on signals received at the antenna. The circuit further includes a peak detector receiving signals from the equalizer and configured to capture a peak value of the signals. The electromagnetic field event is detected at least in part based on the peak signal value.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for attachment to a resource consumption meter emitting and detecting a signal having a first frequency relative to the rate of metered resource consumption. The apparatus comprises at least one signal detection means adapted to detect said signal from said resource consumption meter; and, a circuit operatively connected to the signal detection means and adapted for interpreting the signal for a human. A method for multi-mode operation of the apparatus is disclosed so that it is possible for the apparatus to automatically detect the type of resource consumption meter it is attached to and operate accordingly.

Abstract: Presented systems and methods can facilitate efficient voltage sensing and regulation. In one embodiment, a presented multiple point voltage sensing system includes Multiple point voltage sensing. Multi-point sensing is the scheme where voltage feedback from Silicon to the voltage regulator is an average from multiple points on the die. In one embodiment, multi-point sensing is done by placing multiple sense points across the partition/silicon and merging the sense traces from each sense point with balanced routing. In one embodiment, a presented multiple point voltage sensing system includes Virtual VDD Sensing with guaranteed non-floating feedback. In one exemplary implementation, Virtual VDD Sensing with guaranteed non-floating feedback allows more accurate sensing when a component is power gated off by removing the sensing results associated with the component.

Abstract: A power quality measuring and controlling device used in a distribution line includes: a current-voltage sensor part converting a first voltage received through the distribution line into a second voltage, converting a first current into a second current, and signal-processing the converted second voltage and the converted second current and transmitting them by radio communications; and a power quality measuring part receiving the second voltage and the second current from the current-voltage sensor part by radio communications, comparing measured values of the second voltage and the second current with reference measured values, and transmitting only measured data belonging to the reference measured values to the centralized system located in a remote place by radio communications.

Abstract: A voltage detecting circuit including: a first current source including a first terminal connected to a first voltage input terminal; a second current source including a first terminal connected to ground potential VSS; and a first transistor including a first main terminal connected to a second terminal of the first current source, a second main terminal connected to a second terminal of the second current source and a detection output terminal, and a control terminal connected to a second voltage terminal. The first and the second current sources are configured such that a logic level of a detection output signal is determined based on whether one voltage applied to the first voltage terminal is higher or lower than a voltage obtained by adding a voltage of a difference between the first main terminal and control terminal of the first transistor to the other voltage applied to the second voltage terminal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus use a programmable logic circuit to receive data representing environmental conditions such as irradiance, temperature, wind, snow, elevation, and the like, in a given location, to provide an input signal to a simulated variable power source which produces an output that approximates the output of a variable power source such as a photovoltaic panel that is subject to such environmental conditions. Power from the simulated variable power source is separately directed to each of a number of power converters and the efficiency of each power converter is tested to determine the optimum power converter for use with the variable power source in the given location.

Abstract: Provided is a measurement apparatus that measures an input signal, comprising a plurality of first comparators that each receive the input signal, have a common first reference level set therein, and compare a signal level of the input signal to the first reference level; and a level-crossing timing detecting section that detects a level-crossing timing at which the signal level crosses the first reference level, based on comparison results of the first comparators.

Abstract: A power monitoring system includes a plurality of current sensors suitable to sense respective changing electrical current within a respective conductor to a respective load and a conductor sensing a respective voltage potential provided to the respective load. A power monitors determines a type of circuit based upon a signal from at least one of the current sensors and a signal from the conductor, wherein the type of circuit includes at least one of a single phase circuit, a two phase circuit, and a three phase circuit. The power meter configures a set of registers corresponding to the determined type of circuit in a manner such that the configuring is different based upon each of the single phase circuit, two phase circuit, and three phase circuit suitable to provide data corresponding to the determined type of circuit.

Abstract: A condition monitoring paint is formed of a base material, and conductive components for forming a conductive network. The conductive components may include nano-particles or nano-structures. The paint in used in a condition monitoring system for monitoring the integrity or condition of structures, such as bridges.

Abstract: A voltage measuring apparatus electrically connected to buck circuits includes the same number of RC circuits as there are buck circuits, an analog/digital (A/D) convertor, a controller, and a display unit. Each RC circuit is configured to be electrically connected in parallel with an inductor of one corresponding buck circuit. The A/D convertor selectively obtains an analog voltage of one of the buck circuits, and converts the analog voltage signal into a digital voltage signal. The controller controls the A/D convertor and receives the digital voltage signal from the A/D convertor. The display unit displays a decimal voltage value based on the digital voltage signal.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for measuring a potential on a surface of a sample using a charged particle beam while restraining a change in the potential on the sample induced by the charged particle beam application, or detecting a compensation value for a change in a condition for the apparatus caused by the sample being electrically charged. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for applying a voltage to a sample so that a charged particle beam does not reach the sample (hereinafter, this may be referred to as “mirror state”) in a state in which the charged particle beam is applied toward the sample, and detecting information relating to a potential on the sample using signals obtained by that voltage application.

Abstract: Various automatic range scaling solutions for smart power switches are provided, to enable current monitoring across a wide dynamic range. Use is made of current sensing transistors which implement different current sensing ratios.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a sensor circuit to receive a varying signal at an input of the apparatus. The sensor circuit provides a sensor signal corresponding to a measurement of the varying signal. The apparatus further includes a timer circuit to generate a signal at various intervals of a plurality of intervals and a controller coupled to the sensor circuit. The controller has a first power mode and a second power mode, where the first power mode has a lower power consumption than the second power mode. The controller enters the second power mode in response to the signal from the timer circuit. The controller enables the sensor circuit, captures a plurality of measurements of the varying signal, and returns to the first power mode.

Abstract: A mains voltage zero-crossing detector has a constant voltage forced on an external node by driving transistor devices with appropriate control signals provided by a feedback loop around a highly power efficient class B configuration comprising an operational amplifier having single ended dual outputs and a class B control circuit. Mains power zero crossings may then be detected by monitoring the drive current of devices driven by this amplifier. Wherein Class B control and current mode detection provide accurate detection of the driven signal without depending on any voltage threshold that may depend on temperature, process fabrication and/or supply voltage.

Abstract: The current invention relates, inter alia, to charge pulse amplitude and time detecting circuits, offering very low amplitude and temporal noise, and overcoming noise performance limits in charge pulse detection circuits according to prior art. Embodiments of the present invention may include a sensing device delivering charge pulses onto a sense node, an active buffer buffering the voltage on the sense node with a low impedance, a recharge device removing signal charge from the sense node, a noise filter connected to the output of the active buffer transmitting signal voltage pulses while attenuating noise from the recharge device. Additional and alternative embodiments are specified and claimed.

Abstract: A safety interlock for use in a medical device having a control system for controlling operation of the medical device includes a central tubular portion defining a fluid passage for passing fluid through the safety interlock. An outer ring portion is adapted for mounting the safety interlock in the medical device. A spoked connector portion connects the central tubular portion to the outer ring portion so that the outer ring portion is spaced radially outwardly from the central tubular portion in opposed relation with at least a portion of the central tubular portion. The safety interlock is adapted for mounting in the medical device in a path of electromagnetic radiation from a source of electromagnetic radiation such that the central tubular portion reflects the electromagnetic radiation to a electromagnetic radiation detector when properly loaded on the medical device.

Abstract: Systems provide for a test system for capacitors in a digitally controllable oscillator (DCO). The system includes: capacitor toggling logic configured to switch on and off a selected one of the capacitors at a modulation frequency; a tone generator configured to generate a tone; a mixer configured to receive the tone and an output carrier signal from the DCO while the capacitor toggling logic is switching the selected one of the capacitors on and off and to output an intermediate frequency signal having FM sidebands based on the modulation frequency and relative capacitor size; and an evaluation circuit configured to evaluate a frequency deviation associated with the selected one of the capacitors based on at least one of the FM sidebands.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a current sensor configured to measure an AC current of a first conductor includes an outer coil having a first portion and a second portion. Each of the first and second portions are disposed about the first conductor passing through a center of the outer coil. The current sensor further includes an inner conductor disposed within the first and second portions of the outer coil and connected to each of the first and second portions of the outer coil.

Abstract: Techniques for construction of an electric meter base level printed circuit board (PCB), such as for use in an electric consumption meter, are described herein. A plurality of heavy copper traces may be embedded in the PCB, thereby eliminating the need for heavy copper bar between connectors and components on the board. In one example, a PCB includes connectors for incoming and outgoing line and neutral conductors. The PCB may include a current measuring component, mounted on the PCB, to communicate with metrology circuitry. The PCB may include one or more switches, configured to regulate electrical service. Heavy electrical traces may be embedded in the PCB to connect the connectors and various components mounted on the PCB. The heavy electrical traces are sized to allow passage of currents that may be in excess of 100 amps.

Abstract: A power supply or driver circuit configured to provide electrical energy at a drive voltage. The driver circuit converts electrical energy at an input voltage to the electrical energy at the drive voltage. A controller is configured to control the power converter to provide electrical energy at the drive voltage. The controller stops operation at an interruption of electrical energy to the driver circuit. The controller is configured to resume operation subsequent restoration of electrical energy to the driver circuit. The controller is configured to maintain the timing voltage above a first voltage level when the controller is in operation and to determine the duration of an interruption of electrical energy to the driver circuit.

Abstract: An amplitude expected value data generator generates amplitude expected value data that represents, in increments of sampling points, which of multiple amplitude segments the amplitude of a modulated signal waveform that corresponds to the expected value of data to be output from a device under test belongs to. A demodulator performs sampling of the signal waveform to be tested received from the device under test, and generates judgment data that represents, in increments of sampling points, which of the multiple amplitude segments the amplitude of the signal waveform belongs to. A judgment unit makes a comparison between the amplitude expected value data and the judgment data in increments of sampling points.

Abstract: An integrated circuit in which a power terminal, a ground terminal, an input terminal and an internal circuit are formed, has a unidirectional circuit of a direction from the input terminal to the power terminal, the unidirectional circuit being provided between the input terminal and the power terminal; and a power state determination circuit which detects whether the power terminal is connected to an external power source or not to output a power open detection signal. And the unidirectional circuit includes a first transistor in which a voltage of the power terminal is applied to a gate, and a second transistor connected to the first transistor in series, and a voltage of the external power source is input to the input terminal.

Abstract: A method for controlling an amplitude of an incoming light is provided. The method includes attenuating a portion of the incoming light within a first band having a tunable peak attenuation wavelength using a tunable filter; passing a portion of the incoming light from the tunable filter within a second band using a fixed filter; and controlling the amplitude of the incoming light by tuning the peak attenuation wavelength of the tunable filter.

Abstract: A method for detecting output power of a power converter is applied for detecting power outputted from the power converter as an electronic device is electrically connected with the power converter. The method comprises the following steps: First, it is to control a battery of the electronic device to supplies power to the electronic device and disconnecting a power supply path of supplying the power from the power converter to the electronic device. After disconnecting the power supply path, the impedance of the voltage dividing circuit of the power converter is regulated to vary the power supply voltage outputted to the electronic device. And then, the varied power supply voltage is detected and the power outputted form the power converter will be recognized according to the power supply voltage.

Abstract: Provided are a voltage detector that blocks out an input signal for an electronic device when a level of an input voltage for determining a voltage level of the input signal is equal to or less than a predetermined level and a semiconductor device including the same. The voltage detector outputs a detection signal indicating whether or not a level of a first voltage exceeds a first threshold, using the first voltage and a second voltage, which is independent of the first voltage.

Abstract: The invention discloses a current detecting circuit, a temperature compensating device and a display device, and relates to the field of display technology, which resolves the problem of image flicker in the display screen or abnormal display due to changes in the turn-on voltage of the thin film transistors in the display panel caused by changes in the temperature in the prior art. The current detecting circuit includes a voltage source, a first mirror current source for supplying a reference current, a second mirror current source for obtaining a difference between a current output from the first mirror current source and a current output from a unit to be detected and converting the difference into a voltage signal, and an inverter for amplifying the voltage signal and output a detection result. A temperature compensating device including the foregoing current detecting circuit. A display device including the above temperature compensating device.