Abstract: Described are apparatus and methods for electroplating one or more metals onto a substrate. Embodiments include electroplating apparatus configured for plating highly uniform metal layers. In specific embodiments, the apparatus includes a flow-shaping element made of an ionically resistive material and having a plurality of channels made through the flow shaping element. The channels allow for transport of the electrolyte through the flow shaping element during electroplating. The channel openings are arranged in a spiral-like pattern on the substrate-facing surface of the flow shaping element such that the center of the spiral-like pattern is offset from the center of the flow shaping element.

Abstract: An automated self-propelled pool cleaner having a housing, a water pump for moving water through the housing and drive means for moving the pool cleaner over the surface of a salt water pool to be cleaned includes an electrochemical chlorine generator assembly mounted in the housing having an electrochemical cell that is manually releasable from its mounting system in order to permit the cell to be safely secured in place inside the housing for operation and manually removed when necessary for maintenance, repair or replacement by the user without special tools or training.

Abstract: In an aspect, a composite anode active material including a lithium titanium oxide; and phosphates, a method of preparing the composite anode active material, and a lithium battery including the composite anode active material is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for collecting electrolytically formed gasses and a method for using the same are presented. A gas collection device comprises an inner vessel having an electrically conductive surface portion for allowing the electrolytic formation of a first gas; an outer vessel having an electrically conductive surface portion for allowing the electrolytic formation of a second gas; and a capture member for capturing one of the formed gasses; wherein: the inner vessel is disposed substantially within the outer vessel; both vessels are configured to allow a continuous fluid body to come into contact with the conductive surface portions; and the capture member allows the capture of one of the formed gasses without substantial contamination from the other formed gas.

Abstract: An alkaline production system comprising an electrochemical unit comprising a hydrogen-oxidizing anode, a cathode compartment comprising a cathode and a hydrogen delivery system configured to deliver hydrogen gas to the anode, wherein the unit is operably connected to a carbon sequestration system configured to sequester carbon dioxide with the cathode electrolyte; and methods thereof. In another embodiment, a system comprising a hydrogen-oxidizing anode in communication with a cathode electrolyte comprising bicarbonate ion; and an hydrogen delivery system configured to deliver hydrogen gas to the anode; and methods thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving the efficiency and/or reducing emissions of an internal combustion engine are disclosed. The system may comprise a tank configured to store an aqueous solution consisting essentially of water and a predetermined quantity of electrolyte. The system may further comprise a cell configured for aiding in the electrolysis of the aqueous solution, the cell may comprise a plurality of plates arranged substantially parallel to one another and the plurality of plates may be spaced substantially equidistant from an adjacent one of the plurality of plates. In exemplary embodiments, at least one seal may be located between the plurality of plates to create a substantially air tight and substantially water tight seal between adjacent ones of the plurality of plates to aid in preventing the aqueous solution located between adjacent ones of the plurality of plates from leaking out of the cell.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for producing a stable, non-toxic, antimicrobial electrolyzed saline solution with a broad range of anti-infective and therapeutic applications. The resulting electrolyzed saline solution exhibits a marked lack of toxicity upon intravenous, aspired, oral or topical application in mammals for therapeutic applications providing a broad platform, including topical disinfection, antimicrobial application, wound treatment, oxidative stress reduction and enhancement of immune function to better detect malfunctioning cells.

Abstract: To provide a lithium ion secondary battery electrode in which a coat is held on a surface of an active material layer over a long period of time to suppress decomposition of the electrolysis solution and to enhance the cyclability, a manufacturing process for the same, and a lithium ion secondary battery using the electrode. A lithium ion secondary battery electrode includes a current collector, an active material layer containing a binder formed on a surface of the current collector, and a coat containing modified polydimethylsiloxane formed on a surface of at least a part of the active material layer, wherein the coat is chemically bonded with the binder.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for generating organic compounds using carbon dioxide as a source of carbon and electrical current as an energy source. In one embodiment, a reaction cell is provided having a cathode electrode and an anode electrode that are connected to a source of electrical power, and which are separated by a permeable membrane. A biological film is provided on the cathode. The biological film comprises a bacterium that can accept electrons and that can convert carbon dioxide to a carbon-bearing compound and water in a cathode half-reaction. At the anode, water is decomposed to free molecular oxygen and solvated protons in an anode half-reaction. The half-reactions are driven by the application of electrical current from an external source. Compounds that have been produced include acetate, butanol, 2-oxobutyrate, propanol, ethanol, and formate.

Abstract: A system to confine a space above an electrolyte in a metal electrowinning cell and to evacuate aerosols of two or three phases that are generated in the space, wherein the system confines in a compartmentalized manner a space above the level of the electrolyte adjoining cathode guides attached to a support structure, the cathodes within their guides, an anodic confiner for each anode, which are mounted directly around them, via their central groove of a length equal to the width of the anode, a pair of flexible projections and a pair of angle profiles of rigid material each of which is located on either side of the anodic confiner, wherein all these elements are linked by a multiplicity of coupling elements.

Abstract: A high-temperature electrolyser including a stack of electrolysis cells in which steam is made to flow both at a cathode and at an anode. The architecture of the electrolyzer is configured to have each cathode inlet end and anode inlet end close to an oxygen, or respectably hydrogen, collection duct portion. With the structure, a buffer volume of steam is created around the oxygen and hydrogen collectors, which therefore constitutes a simple and effective sealing mechanism within the electrolyser.

Abstract: Electrolyzer comprising at least one single electrolyzer element which comprises at least one anode compartment with an anode, one cathode compartment with a cathode and one ion exchange membrane arranged between the anode and the cathode compartments, with the anode and/or cathode being a gas diffusion electrode. A gap is provided between the gas diffusion electrode and the ion exchange membrane, with an electrolyte inlet arranged at the upper end of the gap and an electrolyte outlet at the lower end of the gap and a gas inlet and a gas outlet. The electrolyte outlet extending into a discharge header, and the electrolyte inlet connected to an electrolyte feed tank and having an overflow, the overflow connected to the discharge header, with a coiled hose connecting the electrolyte feed tank with the electrolyte inlet and with a coiled hose connecting the overflow with the discharge header.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process comprising infiltrating or infiltrating and coating a substrate with a boron-comprising precursor, and contacting the boron-comprising precursor with a nitrogen-comprising reactant to convert the boron-comprising precursor to BN or other a boron-nitrogen reaction product in the surface porosity or in the surface porosity and on the surface of the substrate. Composite materials comprising as one phase a substrate and BN or other a boron-nitrogen reaction product as a further phase, in surface porosity or in surface porosity and on a surface of the substrate, are claimed.

Abstract: A method of depositing aluminum onto a substrate is disclosed. In this method, the substrate is disposed as cathode in an electrochemical cell with an anode and a liquid electrodeposition composition comprising an ionic liquid and a source of aluminum, and aluminum is electroplated onto the substrate. Residual water content in the electroplating bath is controlled by exposure to light in the presence of a photo-oxidation catalyst to decompose the water or species associated with water.

Abstract: An energy production and distribution system, a hydrogen production and distribution system, and a method are disclosed. The energy production and distribution system may include one or more previously decommissioned maritime resources positioned in floating and/or adjacent disposition with a body of water. An electricity generating apparatus may be disposed in an off-grid configuration on each of the maritime resources to generate electricity. Electrolysis electrodes may be electrically coupled with the electricity generating apparatus and may disposed to make contact with water in the body of water to perform an electrolysis operation to separate hydrogen from the water using the generated electricity. A hydrogen capturing element may disposed to capture the hydrogen separated from the water. A storage container may hold the hydrogen, and a conduit may be provided to transfer the hydrogen from the hydrogen capturing element to the storage container.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrolysis catalysts formed from cobalt, oxygen and buffering electrolytes (e.g. fluoride). They can be formed as a coating on an anode by conducting an electrolysis reaction using an electrolyte containing cobalt and an anionic buffering electrolyte. The catalysts will facilitate the conversion of water to oxygen and hydrogen gas at a range of mildly acidic conditions. Alternatively, these anodes can be used with cathodes that facilitate other desirable reactions such as converting carbon dioxide to methanol.

Abstract: An electrode for use in bio-electrochemical systems is described, including: a substantially planar electrode material; a frame comprising a non-conductive substance; and one or more first conductive substances linked or secured to the frame. Bio-electrochemical systems, racks for inserting the electrode, and methods of using the racks are also described.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a component. The method includes connecting a component comprising an internal passage and formed by an additive manufacturing process to a power supply, the component functioning as an anode, connecting a cathode to the power supply, the cathode being disposed in an electrolyte solution, the cathode being positioned externally to the internal passage of the component, contacting the internal passage of the component with the electrolyte solution, and using the power supply, applying a potential difference and current flow between the component and the cathode.

Abstract: In a method for recovering a metal from a solution, a first electrode that includes a metal for recovery and a second electrode that includes a metal different from the metal for recovery are prepared. The first electrode and the second electrode are immersed in a first solution that includes a metal ion for recovery. The metal ion for recovery in the first solution is combined with the first electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are charged while immersing the first and second electrodes in a second solution different from the first solution so that the metal ion for recovery is separated from the first electrode. The metal for recovery is recovered from the second solution.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for measuring the total organic content of an aqueous stream. The apparatus comprises a platinum electrode for measuring CO2 in an aqueous stream. Methods for measuring the total organic content of an aqueous stream are also disclosed. The methods comprise providing an aqueous stream with oxidized organics therein; providing a platinum electrode, contacting the aqueous stream with the platinum electrode; applying cathodic potential followed by an anodic voltammetric sweep to the platinum electrode, and measuring the amperometric response of the platinum electrode. An apparatus for oxidizing organics in aqueous stream in an aqueous stream is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrochemical machining device includes an electrode bundle, an electrode sleeve used for receiving the electrode bundle therein, and an electrolytic tank. The electrode bundle includes a number of columnar electrodes. Each of the columnar electrodes can move along an axial direction of the electrode sleeve. The electrode sleeve includes sidewalls, and two pressing plates positioned corresponding to two adjacent sidewalls. The sidewalls of the electrode sleeve include a number of screws to adjust a distance between the pressing plates and the corresponding sidewalls. The pressing plates can be moved to press the electrode bundle, and fix the electrode bundle between the pressing plates and the corresponding sidewalls of the electrode sleeve. A shape of the electrode bundle can be adjusted according to a shape of a molding surface.

Abstract: A method and system for electrochemically machining a hollow body of a metal or a metal alloy. An electrode is positioned within a hollow body including a metal or metal alloy, where the hollow body has a variable internal diameter. The hollow body is oriented vertically, with the electrode oriented vertically therein. The hollow body is at least partially filled with an aqueous, acidic electrolyte solution, the electrolyte solution being devoid of hydrofluoric acid and having a viscosity less than 15 cP. An electric current is passed between the hollow body and the electrode, where the electric current includes a plurality of anodic pulses and a plurality of cathodic pulses, and where the cathodic pulses are interposed between at least some of the anodic pulses.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a sealed metal laminate structure comprising: a metal layer having a first surface and an opposite second surface; a first enamel layer laminated on the first surface of the metal layer, except at an exposed metal protrusion at a perimeter edge of the sealed metal laminate structure; a second enamel layer laminated on the second surface of the metal layer, except at the exposed metal protrusion at the perimeter edge of the sealed laminate structure; and a phosphate sealer deposited on the exposed metal protrusion of the sealed metal laminate structure. The present disclosure also relates to a metal laminate structure without a phosphate sealer. In addition, systems and methods for treating workpieces, including metal laminate structures, are discussed.

Abstract: An electrolytic device comprising: a central sample flow channel, first and second regenerant flow channels, first and second charged barriers disposed between said sample flow channel and first and second regenerant flow channels, and pairs of oppositely charged, spaced electrodes disposed in the regenerant flow channels. Also, electrolytic devices with a different electrode configuration are described. Also, methods of using the devices, e.g., for suppression in an ion chromatography system are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoelectrochemical cell. The photoelectrochemical cell comprises a semiconductor photoelectrode which functions as a cathode electrode; a counter electrode which functions as an anode electrode; an electrolyte aqueous solution which is in contact with surfaces of the semiconductor photoelectrode and the counter electrode; and a container containing the semiconductor photoelectrode, the counter electrode, and the electrolyte aqueous solution. The semiconductor photoelectrode includes: a first conductive layer; an n-type semiconductor layer disposed on the first conductive layer; and a second conductive layer which completely covers a surface of the n-type semiconductor layer. The counter electrode is electrically connected to the first conductive layer. The second conductive layer is light-transmissive. The second conductive layer functions as a light incident surface.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor photoelectrode comprising a first conductive layer; a first n-type semiconductor layer disposed on the first conductive layer; and a second conductive layer covering the first n-type semiconductor layer. The first n-type semiconductor layer has a first n-type surface region and a second n-type surface region. The first n-type surface region is in contact with the first conductive layer. The second n-type surface region is in contact with the second conductive layer. The first n-type semiconductor layer is formed of at least one selected from the group consisting of a nitride semiconductor and an oxynitride semiconductor. The second conductive layer is light-transmissive. The second conductive layer is formed of a p-type oxide conductor.

Abstract: An apparatus for the electrolytic splitting of water into hydrogen and/or oxygen, the apparatus comprising: (i) at least one lithographically-patternable substrate having a surface; (ii) a plurality of microscaled catalytic electrodes embedded in said surface; (iii) at least one counter electrode in proximity to but not on said surface; (iv) means for collecting evolved hydrogen and/or oxygen gas; (v) electrical powering means for applying a voltage across said plurality of microscaled catalytic electrodes and said at least one counter electrode; and (vi) a container for holding an aqueous electrolyte and housing said plurality of microscaled catalytic electrodes and said at least one counter electrode. Electrolytic processes using the above electrolytic apparatus or functional mimics thereof are also described.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an article (such as a dental restoration) comprising taking an article, comprising at least one product (such as a dental restoration), in an initial state, formed from a powdered material, layer-by-layer and electrochemically processing at least a select region of the at least one product (such as a dental restoration) so as to smoothen at least said select region.

Abstract: An exemplary electrolyzer includes an electrode plate assembly including a plurality of perforated electrode plates and electrically conductive busbars. The plurality of electrode plates includes one or more positive electrode plates interleaved with one or more negative electrode plates. Each electrode plate has a first aperture and a second aperture, the second aperture being larger than the first aperture and lined with a non-conductive grommet. The plurality of electrically conductive busbars includes a first positive conductive busbar and a first negative conductive busbar. Respective conductive busbars extend through the first aperture of corresponding positive and negative electrodes and through the non-conductive grommet of the second aperture of each corresponding negative and positive electrode.

Abstract: A partly oxidized substrate is disclosed. According to one aspect, the substrate is formed by subjecting a substrate made of a porous metal or metal alloy including particles of at least one metal or metal alloy bound by sintering. The substrate includes a first main surface and a second main surface. The porosity of the substrate gradually changes from the first main surface to the second main surface. The substrate is partially oxidized by an oxidizing gas such as oxygen and/or air. A method for preparing the substrate and high temperature electrolyzer (THE) cell including the substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present embodiments are directed to systems and methods for plating of work rolls. In one embodiment, a system includes an inner tank having an inner diameter dimensioned to receive a work roll, and an outer tank, wherein the inner tank is disposed coaxially within the outer tank. The inner tank and the outer tank may each include cylindrical shapes. A temperature regulating tank, positioned outside of the outer tank, may be in fluid communication with an annular space between the inner and outer tanks. An exhaust hood having a generally ring-shaped profile including a plurality of slots formed therein may suction fumes from the inner tank. An anode configuration also is disclosed, having a shunt incorporated into the anode, wherein current going to the anode passes through the shunt.

Abstract: The present invention provides a methanol generation device for generating methanol by reducing carbon dioxide, comprising: a container for storing an electrolyte solution containing carbon dioxide; a cathode electrode disposed in the container so as to be in contact with the electrolyte solution; an anode electrode disposed in the container so as to be in contact with the electrolyte solution; and an external power supply for applying a voltage so that a potential of the cathode electrode is negative with respect to a potential of the anode electrode. The cathode electrode has a region of Cu1-x-yNixAuy (0<x, 0<y, and x+y<1). The anode electrode has a region of a metal or a metal compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a methanol generation device for generating methanol by reducing carbon dioxide, comprising: a container for storing an electrolyte solution containing carbon dioxide; a cathode electrode disposed in the container so as to be in contact with the electrolyte solution; an anode electrode disposed in the container so as to be in contact with the electrolyte solution; and an external power supply for applying a voltage so that a potential of the cathode electrode is negative with respect to a potential of the anode electrode. The cathode electrode includes a region of Cu1-xAux (0<x<1). The anode electrode includes a region of a metal or a metal compound.

Abstract: For improving the current transfer during the electrolytic metallization of workpieces, a method is proposed: (a) providing a metal depositing apparatus 17, in which the workpiece, at least one anode 40, 41 and a metal deposition electrolyte AE are arranged and which has a device for electric current generation 60 and at least one current feeding device 31 with in each case at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 for making electrical contact with the workpiece; (b) bringing the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 into contact with the workpiece; and (c) feeding electric current to the workpiece via the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35 in order that the deposition metal deposits on the workpiece. Before method step (b), in a further method step (d), deposition metal is deposited on the at least one electrical contact element 34, 35.

Abstract: The hydrogen production device of the present invention includes: a first electrode including a conductive substrate and a photocatalytic semiconductor layer; a second electrode that is electrically connected to the first electrode and disposed in a second region opposite to a first region relative to the first electrode; the first region is defined as a region on a side of a surface of the first electrode in which the photocatalytic semiconductor layer is provided; a water-containing electrolyte solution; and a housing containing these. The first electrode is provided with first through-holes and the second electrode is provided with second through-holes; and the first through-holes and second through-holes form a communicating hole for allowing the first region and the second region to communicate with each other. An ion exchange membrane having substantially the same shape as the communicating hole is disposed in the communicating hole to close the communicating hole.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor photoelectrode comprising a conductive substrate; a first semiconductor photocatalyst layer provided on a surface of the conductive substrate; a second semiconductor photocatalyst layer provided on a surface of the first semiconductor photocatalyst layer. The semiconductor photoelectrode has a plurality of pillar protrusions on the surface thereof. A surface of each of the pillar protrusions is formed of the second semiconductor photocatalyst layer.

Abstract: The present aspects of an embodiment make more efficient use of hydrogen on-demand (hereinafter “HoD”) systems, thereby improving fossil-fuel-powered systems on the market. One main aspect uses a disposable cartridge in which the electrolytic process takes place to separate gas molecules from a solution that uses a substantially dry-cell design. Generally, the aspects include a replaceable and reusable cartridge for the flow of electrolyte solution using a pump, which may include a variety of safety features. A HoD cartridge generator has a plurality of staggered conductive material members that require electrolyte solution to flow between them, from one or more inlets to one or more outlets, using one or more specified paths. A conventional or specially-formulated electrolyte solution may be used. One or more sensors allow the generator to have a steady flow of solution in and a steady flow of liquid-gas mixture out of the system.

Abstract: A system includes an ionic exchange conduit through which a flow of photosynthetic biomass is drawn capturing an electrical charge which is used to alternately power a photonic activated reservoir housing a living photosynthetic biomass suspended in a flowing liquid medium which self generates an electrical charge as it migrates towards and through a cathode separated from an anode by a membrane. Upon electrical transfer through the circuit an electrolysis process begins and releases hydrogen and oxygen into enclosed atmosphere chambers where these separated gases can be captured for use in a fuel cell.

Abstract: Compositions for making wettable cathodes to be used in aluminum electrolysis cells are disclosed. The compositions generally include titanium diboride (TiB2) and metal additives, The amount of selected metal additives may result in production of electrodes having a tailored density and/or porosity, The electrodes may be durable and used in aluminum electrolysis cells.

Abstract: Process and station for stabilizing an aqueous solution of an iron salt of an organic acid with a ferric component and a ferrous component of less solubility than the ferric component, such as the aqueous solution based on the Fe3+ salt of meso-tartaric acid. To stabilize the content of the dissolved ferric salt, the solution is at least partly subjected to electrolytic oxidation.

Abstract: For electrolytically etching the surfaces of integrally bladed rotors (blisks) (6) made of nickel-base material for aircraft gas turbines, auxiliary cathodes (10), in addition to the main cathodes (3) provided in the electrolyte (1), are arranged in the area of the blades (9) remote from the electric contact points at the rotor disk (7). The auxiliary cathodes are adaptable in shape, arrangement and size to the blade and disk geometry, so that a uniform current flow from all parts of the rotor connected as anode via the electrolyte to the main and auxiliary cathodes is produced and an intense and uniform etching effect is achieved. This ensures a reliable structural assessment in all rotor areas and in particular also in the area of the integral blading.

Abstract: An invention for making productive uses of normally undesirable whiskers is provided. Embodiments of the invention include a variety of apparatuses and methods associated with forming and using whiskers as well as forming whisker compounds is disclosed. For example, whisker detection modules can be created which provide a whisker surveillance capability. The whisker detection modules can further be coupled with a whisker response system such as an alarm or insulating material dispersing system. Another aspect of the invention is providing a variety of environments or microenvironments with regard to a whisker forming structure to affect whisker creation such as maximizing whisker formation. Another example includes provision of a variety of embodiments for manufacturing compounds of whiskers of various metal and metal alloys, including structures and methods is provided. Whisker compounds produced using various embodiments of the invention can be used for various applications.

Abstract: The embodiments herein provide a HHO generating system and method for generating hydrogen, oxygen and methane. The system adopts electrolysis process to generate a HHO gas from a water-electrolyte solution. The system comprises a reaction tank filled with the water-electrolyte solution, a plurality of disks stacked one above another, a plurality of frames connecting to the disks and an external power supply. The disks comprise a plurality of negatively charged cathode disks and a plurality of positively charged anode disks. The plurality of frames comprises a plurality of conductive frames and a plurality of support frames configured to hold the disks. An electric current is supplied to the conducting frames so as to electrically charge the disks that react with the water-electrolyte solution to produce the HHO gas. The disks are copper-nickel alloy disks in a ratio of 70:30.

Abstract: A wafer contacting device may include: a receiving region configured to receive a wafer; and an elastically deformable carrier disposed in the receiving region and including an electrically conductive surface region.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an abrasive wire formed by abrasive particles held on a central core by a binder comprises depositing abrasive particles on the central core, each particle comprising a magnetic material that has a relative permeability greater than 50 and that represents at least 1% of the volume of the abrasive particle, and depositing binder on the central core to keep the abrasive particles attached to it. The core has south poles and north poles alternating along either its circumference or its length.

Abstract: The fluorine gas generation device includes an electrolyzer. An electrolytic bath is formed in the electrolyzer. A cathode is disposed in a cathode chamber, and an anode is disposed in an anode chamber. As a voltage is applied across the cathode and the anode, electrolysis of HF (hydrogen fluoride) takes place. In the electrolyzer, hydrogen gas is primarily generated from the cathode and fluorine gas is primarily generated from the anode. Two heating furnaces are provided for heating NaF pellets packed in HF adsorption columns. Each heating furnace has two HF adsorption columns disposed therein.

Abstract: In an electro processor for plating semiconductor wafers and similar substrates, a contact ring has a plurality of spaced apart contact fingers. A shield at least partially overlies the contact fingers. The shield changes the electric field around the outer edge of the workpiece and the contact fingers, which reduces or eliminates the negative aspects of using high thief electrode currents and seed layer deplating. The shield may be provided in the form of an annular ring substantially completely overlying and covering, and optionally touching the contact fingers.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a metal container washing apparatus which can obtain hydrogen peroxide for generating hydroxyl radicals and electrolytes using a simple configuration and a simple method and which is small and has excellent portability and storability, and the present invention provides a washing apparatus that washes a metal container of the present invention includes a negative electrode that applies a negative voltage to a metal container to which a washing solution, in which a hydrogen peroxide generating agent generating hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water is dissolved, is added; a positive electrode that applies a positive voltage to the washing solution; and a power supply that applies a voltage between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and the inner surface in the container is washed with hydroxyl radicals generated at the time of application of the voltage.

Abstract: A system and a method for selectively coating a substrate includes a removable mask including a magnetic member having a first surface contour shaped to conform to the outside surface of the substrate and a magnetizable member having a second surface contour shaped to conform to the inside surface of the substrate. The method for coating the substrate includes magnetically coupling a removable mask to at least one surface of the substrate; forming a coating of a coating material on the at least one surface of the substrate with the magnetically coupled removable mask using a bath containing the coating material; and selectively decoupling the removable mask from the at least one coated surface to reveal a portion of the coated surface without the coating.

Abstract: Among other things, one or more systems and techniques for promoting metal plating profile uniformity are provided. A magnetic structure is positioned relative to a semiconductor wafer that is to be electroplated with metal during a metal plating process. In an embodiment, the magnetic structure applies a force that decreases an edge plating current by moving metal ions away from a wafer edge of the semiconductor wafer. In an embodiment, the magnetic structure applies a force that increases a center plating current by moving metal ions towards a center portion of the semiconductor wafer. In this way, the edge plating current has a current value that is similar to a current value of the center plating current. The similarity between the center plating current and the edge plating current promotes metal plating uniformity.