Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 3-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) from 3-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (HOMeTHF) or 3-formyltetrahydrofuran (FTHF) by contacting HOMeTHF or 3-formyltetrahydrofuran with a secondary alcohol in the presence of a hydrous zirconia catalyst.

Abstract: Photoiniferters for controlled radical polymerizations are described. The photoiniferters have an azlactone or ring-opened azlactone moiety to provide telechelic (co)polymers.

Abstract: A process for labeling organic compounds with deuterium and tritium is described using specific catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of detecting and/or assaying nucleoside hydrolases or nucleoside phosphorylases using a chromogenic substrate. Preferred chromogenic substrates have formula (I) where X is OH, or H, and Y is the residue of Y—OH where Y—OH is a chromophore or a compound readily converted to a chromophore and the substrates are hydrolyzed by the nucleoside hydrolase to yield ribose or 2-deoxyribose plus Y—OH. Alternatively, those substrates may be phosphorylysed by nucleoside phosphorylase to yield ribose-1-phosphate plus Y—OH. The methods may be used to detect and/or assay parasites in biological samples.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula: are disclosed. M1 and M2 are the same or different and are transition metal atoms or ions; Z2 and Z3, independently, are the atoms necessary to complete a 3-12 membered heterocyclic ring; Z1 is an alkylene or arylene group; Q1 and Q2 are the same or different and are electron withdrawing groups; L1 and L3, taken together, represent —O—CR13—O—; L2 and L4, taken together, represent —O—CR14—O—; and R13 and R14 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and aryl groups or R13 and R14 represent alkylene or arylene groups that are directly or indirectly bonded to one another. Methods for making such compounds are also disclosed, as are intermediates which can be used in their preparation. Also disclosed are methods for carrying out C—H insertion reactions using bis-transition metal catalysts, such as the above compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds which are inhibitors of metalloproteases and which are effective in treating conditions characterized by excess activity of these enzymes. In particular, the compounds have a structure according to the following Formula (I): where J, M, Q, T, W, X, Z, R1, R2, R3, R4, R4′, R5, R6, R6′, R7, m, and n have the meanings described in the specification. This invention also includes optical isomers, diastereomers and enantiomers of the formula above, and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, biohydrolyzable amides, esters, and imides thereof. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of treating or preventing metalloprotease-related maladies using the compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: An improved catalyst of ruthenium, molybdenum and, optionally, tin with an inert support used for hydrogenation of an hydrogenatable precursor in an aqueous solution and a method for using the catalyst in the production of tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-butanediol from such a hydrogenatable precursor in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 3-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) from 3-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (HOMeTHF) or 3-formyltetrahydrofuran (FTHF) by contacting HOMeTHF or 3-formyltetrahydrofuran with a secondary alcohol in the presence of a hydrous zirconia catalyst.

Abstract: Chain transfer agents for controlled radical polymerizations (RAFT) are described. The chain transfer agents have an azlactone or ring-opened azlactone moiety to provide telechelic (co)polymers.

Abstract: Photoiniferters for controlled radical polymerizations are described. The photoiniferters have an azlactone or ring-opened azlactone moiety to provide telechelic (co)polymers.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of Formula (1), their N-oxides and agriculturally suitable salts wherein A, B, J, R1, R2, R3 and R4 and n are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are methods for controlling arthropods comprising contacting the arthropods or their environment with an arthropodicidally effective amount of a compound of Formula (1) and compositions containing the compounds of Formula (1).

Abstract: A method for producing unsaturated cyclic ethers of general formula (I) wherein Z represents (CHR4)q— or (CHR4)q—O—, q 0, 1, 2 or 3 and R1, R2, R3, R4 represent hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl, by reacting dioles of general formula (II), wherein Z, R1, R2 and R3 have the above-mentioned meanings, in a liquid phase at temperatures of 150-300° C. in the presence of a support catalyst which is not activated prior to use by reduction and which contains cobalt and is doped with sulphur, containing cobalt, and an earth metal which is deposited by sol impregnation and is selected from the group containing platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, rhenium or mixtures thereof, on an inert support, characterized in that water is added.

Abstract: Unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted THF is obtained by catalytic hydrogenation in the gas phase of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or their derivatives using a catalyst comprising <80% by weight, preferably <70% by weight, in particular from 10 to 65% by weight, of CuO and >20% by weight, preferably >30% by weight, in particular from 35 to 90% by weight, of an oxidic support having acid centers, at a hot spot temperature of from 240 to 310° C., preferably from 240 to 280° C., and a WHSV over the catalyst of from 0.01 to 1.0, preferably from 0.02 to 1, in particular from 0.05 to 0.5, kg of starting material/l of catalyst x hour.

Abstract: A process for production of tetrahydrofuran, gamma butyrolactone, 1,4 butanediol and the like from a hydrogenatable precursor such as maleic acid, succinic acid, corresponding esters and their mixtures and the like in an aqueous solution in the presence of hydrogen using a noble metal catalyst, wherein a deactivated noble metal catalyst is regenerated by contacting the catalyst with a solvent, separating the solvent from the catalyst, and then reusing the regenerated catalyst in the process.

Abstract: An oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound represented by following Formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, cyano, —(CH2)n—E1—CO—G1 (wherein E1 represents a bond, O, or NH; and G1 represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, OR6, or NR7R8; and n represents an integer of 0 to 4), or the like; R1 and R2 are combined to represent a saturated carbon ring together with a carbon atom adjacent thereto; or R2, and R11 or R13 described below are combined to form a single bond; R3 represents hydrogen, phenyl, or halogen; R4 represents hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or the like; A represents —C(R9)(R10)— or O; B represents O, NR11, —C(R12)(R13)—, or —C(R14)(R15)— C(R16)(R17)—; D represents (i) —C(R18)(R19)—X— (wherein X represents —C(R21)(R22)—, S, or NR23), (ii) —C(R19a)═Y— [Y represents —C(R24)—Z— (wherein Z represents

Abstract: In the process for the conversion of maleic acid to gamma-butyrolactone, 1.4-butanediol and/or tetrahydrofuran, a feedstream comprising maleic acid is hydrogenated in a first hydrogenation zone to produce a reaction product comprising succinic acid and unreacted hydrogen which is then supplied to a second hydrogenation zone, where succinic acid is converted to 1,4-butanediol, the temperatures of the feedstream comprising maleic acid and the first hydrogenation zone are controlled such that the temperature of maleic acid in the feedstream and the first hydrogenation zone does not exceed about 130° C., thereby minimizing the corrosive effects of the maleic acid and prolonging reactor life and improving overall process economics.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of Formula I having the structure wherein R1 and R2 are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, halogen, perfluoroalkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3-8 carbon atoms, thienyl, furyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted with trifluoromethyl, chloro, methoxy, or trifluoromethoxy; R3 and R4 are each, independently, hydrogen, carboxyl, hydroxyl, hydoxyalkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1-6 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkoxy of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkanoyloxy of 2-7 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkanoyloxy of 2-7 carbon atoms, arylalkoxy of 7-15 carbon atoms, aryloxy of 6-12 carbon atoms, aroyloxy of 6-12 carbon atoms, aryloxycarbonyl of 7-13 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkoxycarbonyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkylamino of 1-6 carbon atoms, dialkylamnino of 1-6 carbon atoms per alkyl group, tetrazolyl, mercapto, nitrile, nitro, amino, —NHSO2CF3, carbamoyl, carb

Abstract: The invention relates to phenyl-propargylether derivatives of the general formula I including the optical isomers thereof and mixtures of such isomers, wherein R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or optionally substituted aryl, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl, R4 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl, R9 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl or optionally substituted alkynyl, R10 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl, and Z is halogen, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkenyloxy, optionally substituted alkynyloxy, optionally substituted arylthio, optionally substituted alkylthio, optionally substituted alkenylthio; optionally substituted alkynylthio, optionally substituted alkylsulfinyl, optionally substituted alkenylsulfinyl, optionally substituted alkynylsulfinyl, optionally substituted alkylsulfon

Abstract: The present invention provides piperine and analogues or derivatives thereof for the treatment of skin conditions treatable by stimulation of melanocyte proliferation, such as vitiligo, and also for treating skin cancer. The piperine and analogues or derivatives thereof may also be used to cosmetically promote or enhance the natural coloration of the skin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single step continuous hydrogenation process for the preparation of 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran from alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone, in the presence of a catalytic metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-step, continuous hydrogenation process for the preparation of 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran from alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone, which comprises a first step of subjecting alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone to hydrogenation to synthesize 2-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone; and the second step of hydrogenating the 2-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone formed in the first step. The above process enables the production of the objective highly-pure 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran free from alcohol in high efficiency and high conversion through simple production steps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thienyl substituted acylguanidine derivatives, such as compounds of formula (I) in which R1, R2, R4, R6, A, B and D have the meanings indicated in the claims, their physiologically tolerable salts and their prodrugs. The compounds of the present invention are valuable pharmaceutical active compounds. They are vitronectin receptor antagonists and inhibitors of bone resorption by osteoclasts. They are suitable, for example, for the therapy and prophylaxis of diseases which are caused at least partially by an undesired extent of bone resorption, for example of osteoporosis. The invention furthermore relates to processes for the preparation of thienyl substituted acylguanidines, their use, in particular as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceutical preparations comprising them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compounds of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I): wherein X is hydroxy, protected hydroxy or optionally substituted amino; Y is —COORA wherein RA is hydrogen or ester residue, —CONRBRC wherein RB and RC each is independently hydrogen or amide residue, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and A1 is optionally substituted heteroaryl; provided that a compound wherein Y and/or A1 is optionally substituted indol-3-yl is excluded, a tautomer, a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a hydrate thereof has an inhibitory activity against an integrase.

Abstract: A process is described for the co-production of maleic anhydride and at least one C4 compound selected from butane-1,4-diol, &ggr;-butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran in which maleic anhydride is produced by partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock selected from C4 hydrocarbons and benzene to yield a vaporous reaction effluent stream comprising maleic anhydride, water, unconverted hydrocarbon feedstock, and carbon oxides. A part of the maleic anhydride present in the vaporous reaction effluent stream is condensed to form a crude maleic anhydride stream and leave a residual vaporous stream containing residual amounts of maleic anhydride. Further maleic anhydride is absorbed from the residual vaporous stream by absorption in an organic solvent, water or an aqueous solution. Maleic anhydride is then recovered from the loaded liquid absorptions medium.

Abstract: A method for producing a saturated cyclic ether from a fatty acid ester of an &agr;,&dgr;-diol stably in high yield over a long period of time, is presented. It is a process for producing a saturated cyclic ether, which comprises reacting a mono- and/or di-fatty acid ester of an &agr;,&dgr;-diol in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out in such a state that at least 50 mol % of the fatty acid ester supplied to the reaction system is vaporized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the hydrogenation of tetrahydroxybutane in the presence of supported rhenium catalysts and an acid to form tetrahydrofuran and its precursors.

Abstract: A method by which a halogen atom of a halogen compound can be efficiently replaced with an electrophilic group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diarylethene derivative and a photochromic thin film using the same. More particularly, it relates to a diarylethene derivative and a photochromic thin film having excellent transparency prepared by depositing the same on the surface of a substrate, without crystallization or agglomeration to have effective photochromic property. This method also provides homogenous thin photochromic films with film thickness of a nano meter level and improved processability compared to conventional deposition processes thus, being suitable for coloring change with light repeatedly, optical information recording systems, and optical communication media.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous fractional distillation of mixtures comprising tetrahydrofuran, &ggr;-butyrolactone and/or 1,4-butanediol to give at least three fractions, the fractionation is carried out in an assembly of distillation columns comprising at least one dividing wall column or at least one assembly of thermally coupled conventional distillation columns.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-step, continuous hydrogenation process for the preparation of 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran from alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone, which comprises a first step of subjecting alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone to hydrogenation to synthesize 2-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone; and the second step of hydrogenating the 2-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone formed in the first step. The above process enables the production of the objective highly-pure 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran free from alcohol in high efficiency and high conversion through simple production steps.

Abstract: Heterocyclic substituted compounds having the general structure: which are inhibitors of metalloproteases and which are effective in treating conditions characterized by excess activity of these enzymes.

Abstract: This invention provides, non-peptide inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (e.g. gelatinases, stromelysins and collagenases) and TNF-&agr; converting enzyme (TACE. tumor necrosis factor-&agr; converting enzyme) which arc useful for the treatment of diseases in which these enzymes are implicated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gas separation membranes including a metal-based layer having sub-micron scale thicknesses. The metal-based layer can be a palladium alloy supported by ceramic layers such as a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer. By using MEMS, a series of perforations (holes) can be patterned to allow chemical components to access both sides of the metal-based layer. Heaters and temperature sensing devices can also be patterned on the membrane. The present invention also relates to a portable power generation system at a chemical microreactor comprising the gas separation membrane. The invention is also directed to a method for fabricating a gas separation membrane. Due to the ability to make chemical microreactors of very small sizes, a series of reactors can be used in combination on a silicon surface to produce an integrated gas membrane device.

Abstract: An additive compound for oxidizable metal such as zinc is provided.

Abstract: 6-tert-Butyl-1,1-dimethylindane derivatives which are unsaturated in the 4-position of formula: X represents: (i) either a radical of formula: (a)  and Y represents a radical of formula: (b) (ii) or a radical of formula: (c)  and Y represents either a radical of formula (b) or a radical of formula: Z being —O—, —S— or R1 represents —CH3, —(CH2)p—OR4, —(CH2)p—COR5 or —S(O)t—R6, p being 0, 1, 2 or 3, t being 0, 1 or 2, R2 represents H or lower alkyl, R3 represents H, lower alkyl or —COR7, R4 represents H, lower alkyl, —COR7, aryl, aralkyl, mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl, or a polyether radical, R5 represents H, lower alkyl, —OR8 or —N(r′)(r″), R6 represents H or lower alkyl, R7 represents lower alkyl, R8 represents H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl, a sugar residu

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 3-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) from 3-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (HOMeTHF) by contacting HOMeTHF with hydrogen in the presence of an acidic, supported catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal.

Abstract: An oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound represented by following Formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, cyano, —(CH2)n—E1—CO—G1 (wherein E1 represents a bond, O, or NH; and G1 represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, OR6, or NR7R8; and n represents an integer of 0 to 4), or the like; R1 and R2 are combined to represent a saturated carbon ring together with a carbon atom adjacent thereto; or R2, and R11 or R13 described below are combined to form a single bond; R3 represents hydrogen, phenyl, or halogen; R4 represents hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or the like; A represents —C(R9)(R10)— or O; B represents O, NR11, —C(R12)(R13)—, or —C(R14)(R15)—C(R16)(R17)—; D represents (i) —C(R18)(R19)—X— (wherein X represents —C(R21)(R22)—, S, or NR23), (ii) —C(R19a)═Y— [Y represents —C(R24)—Z— (wherein Z represents C

Abstract: Tetrahydrofuran compounds of formula (1) wherein the broken line represents a single bond, a divalent organic group, or a structure in which the alicyclic structure in the form of norbornene or tetracyclo[4.4.0.12,5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of lithiating CH-acidic five-membered heterocycles whereby the five-membered heterocycle is reacted with metallic lithium in an ether-containing solvent in the presence of an H acceptor.

Abstract: Therapeutic or preventive agents for diseases due to the action of aldose reductase; and aldose reductase inhibitors, characterized by containing at least one compound having an aldose reductase inhibiting activity which is selected from among 2,5-dihydroxytetra-hydro-2-furancarboxylic acid, derivatives of the same, optical isomers of both and pharmacologically acceptable salts of them.

Abstract: Tetrahydrofuran compounds of formula (1) wherein the broken line represents a single bond, a divalent organic group, or a structure in which the alicyclic structure in the form of norbornene or tetracyclo[4.4.0.12,5.17,10]dodecene and the tetrahydrofuran cyclic structure share one or two constituent carbon atoms, and k is 0 or 1 are novel and useful as monomers to form base resins for use in chemically amplified resist compositions adapted for micropatterning lithography.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: Cyclic acetal compounds of formula (1) wherein k=0 or 1 and n is an integer of 0 to 6 are novel. Using the cyclic acetal compounds as a monomer, polymers are obtained. A resist composition comprising the polymer as a base resin is sensitive to high-energy radiation and has excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance.

Abstract: A series of polyethylene glycol derivatives possessing a diene moiety has been prepared and characterized. The reactivities of these derivatives in various Diels-Alder reactions have been demonstrated. The potential derivatives, which can be made by various Diels-Alder reactions, are expected to be useful in biotechnical applications.

Abstract: The present invention of compounds of formula (I) a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, an N-oxide form thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, R1 is C1-6alkyloxy, C2-6alkenyloxy or C2-6alkynyl-oxy; R2 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl C1-6alkyloxy; R3 is hydrogen or halo; R4 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; R5 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; L is C3-6cycloalkyl, C5-6cycloalkanone, C2-6alkenyl, or L is a radical of formula —Alk—R6—, Alk—X—R7, -Alk-Y—C(═O)—R9, or -Alk-Y—C(═O)—NR11R12 wherein each Alk is C1-12alkanediyl; and R6 is hydrogen, cyano, C1-6alkylsulfonylamino, C3-6cycloalkyl, C5-6cycloalkanone, or a heterocyclic ringsystem; R7 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, or a heterocyclic ringsystem; X is O, S, SO2 or NR8; said R8 being hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; R9 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyloxy or hydroxy; Y is NR10 or a direct bond; said R10 being hydrogen, or C1-6alkyl; R11 an

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of Formula I having the structure wherein R1 and R2 are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, halogen, perfluoroalkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3-8 carbon atoms, thienyl, furyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted with trifluoromethyl, chloro, methoxy, or trifluoromethoxy; R3 and R4 are each, independently, hydrogen, carboxyl, hydroxyl, hydoxyalkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1-6 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkoxy of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkanoyloxy of 2-7 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkanoyloxy of 2-7 carbon atoms, arylalkoxy of 7-15 carbon atoms, aryloxy of 6-12 carbon atoms, aroyloxy of 6-12 carbon atoms, aryloxycarbonyl of 7-13 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkoxycarbonyl of 2-7 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, alkylamino of 1-6 carbon atoms, dialkylamino of 1-6 carbon atoms per alkyl group, tetrazolyl, mercapto, nitrile, nitro, amino, —NHSO2CF3, carbamoyl, carbo

Abstract: A method is provided for synthesizing diaryl-substituted heterocyclic compounds, particularly 2,5-diaryl-substituted tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydrothiophenes. Methods for synthesizing starting materials and intermediates are provided as well. An important application of the invention is in the synthesis of CMI-392, (±) trans-2-[5-(N′-methyl-N′-hydroxyureidyl-methyl)-3-methoxy-4-p-chlorophenylthioethoxyphenyl]-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-tetrahydrofuran, a highly effective agent in treating inflammatory and immune disorders. The invention also encompasses novel compounds useful as starting materials and intermediates in the synthetic processes disclosed.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to acylaminoalkyl-substituted benzenesulfonamide derivatives of the formula (I), 1

Abstract: A process for production of tetrahydrofuran and gamma butyrolactone by hydrogenation of maleic anhydride recovered from a process of conversion of a n-butane.