Abstract: A process for producing branched olefins from a mixed linear olefin/paraffin isomerisation feed comprising linear olefins having at least 7 carbon atoms in 5-50% w comprising in a first stage skeletally isomerising linear olefins in the isomerisation feed and in a second stage separating branched and linear molecules wherein branched molecules are substantially olefinic and linear molecules are olefinic and/or paraffinic; novel stages and combinations thereof; apparatus therefor; use of catalysts and the like therein; and use of branched olefins obtained thereby.

Abstract: The present invention relates to surfactants useful in life science and industrial formulations. More particularly, the invention relates to surfactants of alkoxylated amine neutralized by aromatic sulfonic acid and pesticide formulations containing the same.

Abstract: 3-Arylphenyl sulfide derivatives represented by general formula (I): (wherein R is a C2-C6 alkyl group, a C2-C6 alkenyl group, a C2-C6 alkynyl group or the like, B0 to B2 and B3 are hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, C1-C4 haloalkyl groups or the like, n is 0, 1 or 2, and Ar is a phenyl ring, a pyridine ring, a thiophene ring, a pyrazole ring or the like), and insecticides and miticides containing the 3-arylphenyl sulfide derivatives as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A process for recovering and purifying substituted benzenesulfonates, by neutralizing a mixture including at least one substituted benzenesulfonate, or at least one corresponding substituted benzenesulfonic acid, and sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid and/or hydrogen chloride in free or bound form, in an aqueous phase using an alkali metal hydroxide, and purifying it in this aqueous phase, and by subsequently separating the substituted benzenesulfonate(s) from this aqueous phase. The mixture is comminuted into particles having a Sauter mean diameter in the range from 1 &mgr;m to 2 cm, either before or during introduction into this aqueous phase.

Abstract: Various classes of dyes are provided having acid, ester or amide groups for covalent linking to biomolecules. The dyes may be prepared by use of a compound of formula (I) where R1 comprises a linker and a carboxy including acid, salt, ester including N-hydroxysuccinimide, activated ester or amide group; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are H, C1-C10 alkyl or aralkyl or a group to modify solubility or electronic or spectral properties or a functional linking group: or R4-R5 and/or R2-R4 and/or R2-R3 are linked to form an extended ring system; and R6 is H or CHO or NO.

Abstract: Phosphonium salts are prepared by reacting an alkanol with triarylphosphine and sulfonic acids in a solvent.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for covalently coupling organic compounds which comprises reacting an aromatic ring compound having a halogen substituent or other substituent which undergoes substitution with a diboronic acid ester at a coupling position with a diboron derivative in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst and a suitable base.

Abstract: A process that can be used for sulfonating, sulfating, or sulfamating an organic compound is disclosed. The process can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of, contacting the organic compound with sulfur trioxide under a condition sufficient to effect the sulfonation, sulfation, or sulfamation of the organic compound. The organic compound can be an aromatic compound, alcohol, carbohydrate, amine, amide, protein, or combinations of two or more thereof. The sulfur trioxide can be present in a complex comprising an inorganic support such as zeolite, silicalite, silica, titanosilicate, borosilicate, clay, aluminophosphate, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for covalently coupling organic compounds which comprises reacting an aromatic ring compound having a halogen or halogen-like substituent at a coupling position with a diboron derivative in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst and a suitabIe base. The invention also provides useful arylboron intermediates.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to salt forms the compound of formula I: 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to surfactants useful in life science and industrial formulations. More particularly, the invention relates to surfactants of alkoxylated amine neutralized by aromatic sulfonic acid and pesticide formulations containing the same.

Abstract: The invention discloses hydroxamide acids of the formula: which are useful in treating disease conditions mediated by TNF-&agr;, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sepsis, AIDS, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease and degenerative cartilage loss.

Abstract: A process for using sludge formed in the preparation of a high BN overbased alkylaryl sulfonate or overbased sulfurized alkylphenate, wherein the sludge is treated with an acidic reactant to convert large particles of the alkaline earth metal salt in the sludge into calcium sulfonate, then is reacted with an excess of alkaline earth base and either alkylaryl sulfonic acid or alkylphenol to produce a reaction product, which could be a low or high overbased alkylaryl sulfonate or overbased sulfurized alkylphenate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of isolating the aromatic product formed when a substrate having the general formula is dehalogenated, forming a product mixture of copper salts and aromatic product, where X is the halogen removed from the substrate to form the aromatic product, R′ is COOH, COOR, COR, CN, COH(R)2, or SO3H, each R″ is independently selected from halogen, R, or OR or two vicinal R″ groups form one or more fused aromatic rings, R is alkyl from C1 to C18 or aryl from C6 to C18, and n is 1 to 4. Water in an amount about 1 to about 5 times the amount of the substrate is added to the product mixture, forming an organic phase that contains the aromatic product and an aqueous phase that contains the copper salts. If the density of the organic phase differs from the density of said aqueous phase by less than 0.1 g/cc, a suitable solvent is added to the product mixture in an amount sufficient to increase the differences between the organic and aqueous phases to at least 0.

Abstract: Novel styrene sulfonate-based polymers and cation exchange membranes which are particularly suitable for use in electrodialysis of whey and improved methods for electrodialysis of whey are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are methods of purification of an organic lithium salt comprising the steps of: (a) dissolving an impure organic lithium salt in a solution comprising an organic complexing solvent; (b) crystallizing from said solution a solid solvate complex comprising said lithium salt and said organic complexing solvent; (c) separating said solid solvate complex from said solution; (d) dissociating said solid solvate complex to yield: (i) said lithium salt in a solid form, and, (ii) a volatile composition comprising said organic complexing solvent; and, (e) removing said volatile composition to yield said lithium salt in a solid form of purity greater than the purity of said impure lithium salt. The present invention also pertains to electrolytes for electric current producing cells comprising such purified lithium salts.

Abstract: A process for using sludge formed in the preparation of a high BN overbased alkylaryl sulfonate or overbased sulfurized alkylphenate, wherein the sludge is treated with an acidic reactant to convert large particles of the alkaline earth metal salt in the sludge into calcium sulfonate, then is reacted with an excess of alkaline earth base and either alkylaryl sulfonic acid or alkylphenol to produce a reaction product, which could be a low or high overbased alkylaryl sulfonate or overbased sulfurized alkylphenate.

Abstract: This invention is directed to benzamidine derivatives substituted by cyclic amino acid and cyclic hydroxy acid derivatives which are useful as anti-coagulants. This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the invention, and methods of using the compounds to treat disease-states characterized by thrombotic activity.

Abstract: A process manufactures of a compound of formula: and unique intermediates.

Abstract: A process for the production of anionic surfactant granules comprising the steps of:A) Neutralizing an acidic anionic surfactant with a base in a horizontal thin-layer evaporator or thin-layer dryer; andB) Drying the resulting neutralized anionic surfactant in the evaporator or dryer to form surfactant granules; wherein the acidic anionic surfactant and the base taken together have a solids content such that the total quantity of water in the evaporator or dryer at no time exceeds about 15 % by weight and wherein the neutralization and drying are carried out in countercurrent flow with air or an alkaline gas stream at a temperature in the range of from about 120 to about 130.degree. C.

Abstract: There is provided a white crystal form of the compound having the formula: ##STR1## whose crystal form is characterised by an X-ray diffraction diagram which is essentially as shown in Table I, II or III. Also provided is a formulation comprising from 10 to 85% by weight of the white crystal form of compound having the formula (1) and from 90 to 15% by weight of a polyhydroxy compound, preferably glycerine.

Abstract: A process for preparing phenoxyphenylsulfonyl halides, which are useful intermediates for the preparation of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention is an asphaltene dispersant containing an aromatic, a sulfonic acid head, and an alkyl tail containing 16 carbons or more and at least one branch of a methyl or longer alkyl. Preferably, the aromatic is a fused two ring aromatic and the tail is a two, branched alkyl tail of 30 carbons or longer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds having utility as surfactants which are derived from intermediates produced in petroleum biodesulfurization processes. The compounds of the invention include acyloxybiphenylsulfinates, acyloxybiphenylsulfonates, alkyl sulfinatobiphenyl ethers and alkyl sulfonatobiphenyl ethers. The invention also provides methods of producing these compounds.

Abstract: Sulfonyl compounds have the formula ##STR1## where n is 0, 1 or 2,Y is vinyl or a radical of the formula C.sub.2 H.sub.4 Q, where Q is hydroxyl or an alkali-detachable group,E is C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkylene with or without interruption by 1 or 2 oxygen atoms in ether function,Ar is the radical of benzene or naphthalene, andR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, hydroxyl, halogen, nitro, amino, hydroxysulfonyl, carboxyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, cyano or a radical of the formula (NH--).sub.m (CH.sub.2 --).sub.q SO.sub.2 --Y, where m is 0 or 1, q is 0, 2 or 3, and Y is as defined above.

Abstract: The invention relates to secondary and tertiary phosphines of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, an aryl or benzyl group or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group, n is 1 or 2 and M is potassium or sodium.These phosphines are prepared by reacting either alkali metal salts of fluorobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid with phosphine or with primary or secondary phosphines, or secondary phosphines of the type HP?C.sub.6 H.sub.3 -2,4-(SO.sub.3 M).sub.2 !.sub.2 with a compound RX in which R is an alkyl, aryl or benzyl group and X is a halogen, in an aprotic solvent in the presence of at least stoichiometric quantities of a solid, powdered alkali metal hydroxide at temperatures of from 0 to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Distillate fuel is treated with additives whose structure match the crystal planes of the wax which crystallizes from the fuel to produce crystals below 4000 nanometres in size, suitable additive include novel sulpho-carboxylic materials particularly their esters and amine derivatives such as the amine salts and/or amides of ortho-sulpho benzoic acid.

Abstract: In the production of granules containing anionic surfactants and having a bulk density above 450 g/l by granulation of a surfactant preparation containing a non-surface-active liquid component, the water demand and hence the energy demand for evaporating the water can be reduced if the anionic surfactant in its acid form or a mixture containing one or more anionic surfactants in their acid form and an aqueous alkaline solution are separately treated with a gaseous medium, subsequently sprayed in substantially stoichiometric quantities into the granulation and drying zone either separately or together under a high propellant gas pressure and then granulated and, at the same time, dried, optionally with addition of one or more inorganic or organic solids.

Abstract: Novel farnesyl derivatives which are inhibitors of the prenylated protein thyltransferase enzyme, and useful as anti-cancer drugs, have the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents farnesyl, geranyl or geranyl-geranyl;Z represents C--R.sup.6 or N;R.sup.2 represents H, CN, the groups COOR.sup.7, SO.sub.3 R.sup.7, CONR.sup.7 R.sup.8 and SO.sub.2 NR.sup.7 R.sup.7, wherein R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, and the groups COOM and SO.sub.3 M, wherein M is a cation;R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently hydrogen, carboxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, aminoalkyl, nitroalkyl, nitro, halo, amino, mono- or di-alkylamino, mercapto, mercaptoalkyl, azido, or thiocyanato;X represents O, S, SO, SO.sub.2, NH or Se; and the quaternary ammonium salts and N-oxides of the compounds of formula I wherein Z is N.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 3-(N-aryl-amino)-propyl-2'-sulfatoethyl-sulfonyl compoundsCompounds of the formula (1)Ar--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --SO.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --OSO.sub.3 M(1)are prepared by reacting a compound of the formula (2) ##STR1## with 2-mercaptoethanol to give a compound of the formula (3)Ar--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --OH (3)at temperatures from 90.degree. to 270.degree. C. in the presence of a catalytic amount of a base, subsequently oxidizing the compound of the formula (3) to give a compound of the formula (4)Ar--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --SO.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --OH(4),and finally esterifying the compound of the formula (4) with at least one molar equivalent of sulfuric acid, oleum or halosulfonic acid to give a compound of the formula (1).Compounds of the formula (1) are valuable starting compounds for the preparation of reactive dyestuffs.

Abstract: Substituted hydroxylamines useful in photographic processing solution can be prepared by reacting a hydroxylamine with a vinylic compound having an electron withdrawing substituent in a suitable solvent, in the absence of a neutralizing base. The resulting products can be used without isolation from the reaction solution.

Abstract: A sulfonating agent represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein the groups R.sup.1 are the same or different and are each a lower alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 3, 4 or 5, m is an integer of 1 or 2, and n+m.ltoreq.6, and a process for sulfonating an aromatic compound with use of the sulfonating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel two tail-two head and two tail-one head surfactants. In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a novel composition of matter having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different and are selected from liner or branched hydrocarbon chains with carbon numbers 8 and 22;R3 is H, SO.sup.-.sub.y M.sup.+, or --O (CH2CH2O).sub.n X;R4 is SO.sup.-.sub.y M.sup.+, or --O (CH2CH2O).sub.n X;M is H, Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs;n is an integer from 2 to 50;y is 3 or 4; and,X is H or SO.sup.-.sub.y M.sup.-.Preferably, in the above composition when R3 is other than H, R3.dbd.R4.

Abstract: The invention describes the synthesis and use of photoactivated (or caged) fluorescent dyes. Upon illumination at less than about 400 nm the caged dyes release highly fluorescent, water soluble hydroxypyrenesulfonic acid dyes according to the following equation: ##STR1## X, Y, and Z are independently sulfonic acid, a sulfonic acid salt, a hydroxyl group, or hydrogen, with at least one of X, Y, and Z being a sulfonic acid or sulfonic acid salt. LINK is either an ether linkage or a carbonate linkage. BLOCK is a caging group whose photolysis results in liberation of a free hydroxypyrenesulfonic acid dye.The caged fluorescent dyes are useful for application in aqueous solutions, including fluids of biological origin. The caged dyes of the present invention are especially useful for flow tagging velocimetry.

Abstract: The present invention describes treating an organic sulfonic acid with an olefin to obtain an improvement in color of the resultant salts and to lessen the amount of inactive components in the composition.

Abstract: A composition of matter including an onium salt and a method of forming images. The onium salt has a chromophore which absorbs ultraviolet radiation, an S, Se, As, N or P atom which is free of substituents exhibiting a higher energy occupied molecular orbital than the chromophore; an insulating group which links the chromophore to the S, Se, As, N or P atom of the salt and substantially prevents .pi. resonance from the chromophore through the S, Se, As, N or P atom; and an anion. The onium salt is capable of forming a Bronsted acid upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the presence of a proton source. In the method of forming images, the onium salt is exposed to ultraviolet radiation in the presence of a proton source, to convert said onium salt to a Bronsted acid.

Abstract: Precursors and methods for the synthesis of mono- and difunctionalized acetylenes are described. The invention includes novel tricoordinate iodonium transfer reagents and novel alkynyldi(phenyliodonium) salts, both of which are precursors for the functionalized acetylenes. The iodonium transfer reagents take the general form of mixed iodonium sulfonates PhI.sup.+ (X)OSO.sub.2 R.sub.f, where X may be OAc, NHAc, NCO, or CN. These mixed iodonium sulfonates are produced by reaction of iodosobenzene with certain substituted trimethylsilanes.To make the alkynyldi(phenyliodonium) salt PhI.sup.+ C.tbd.CI.sup.+ Ph.cndot.2 R.sub.f SO.sub.3.sup.-,a mixed iodonium sulfonate is reacted with a bistin acetylene of the kind R'.sub.3 SnC.tbd.CSnR".sub.3. Alternatively, the reaction may be performed with disubstituted tin diacetylenes to produce PhI.sup.+ C.tbd.C-C.tbd.CI.sup.+ Ph.cndot.2 R.sub.f SO.sub.3.sup.- to produce a dialkynyldi(phenyliodonium) salt.

Abstract: A process for the production of solid or paste-form products by fast reactions is carried out stoichiometrically wherein a gaseous medium is introduced into each of the reactants to be reacted with one another, the reactant streams formed are combined and are subsequently forced through a spray unit in a weight ratio of gaseous medium to product stream of from 0.04 to 0.3 (kg/kg) and at a rate of 0.1 to 15 m/second, as calculated from the gas-free reactant streams and based on the free cross-section of the spray unit. The products obtained are free from readily volatile constituents.

Abstract: Acylation or sulphonylation of aromatic compounds, one of which is selected from aromatic carboxylic and sulphonic acids and esters and anhydrides thereof, using an aluminosilicate catalyst having acidic sites.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a solution of a non-ferrous metal sulphonate by reacting a non-ferrous metal with a sulphonic acid, the non-ferrous metal being brought into contact with a sulphonic acid at a temperature of from 20.degree. to 120.degree. C. in the presence of oxygen or oxygen-containing gases.

Abstract: A production method of novel condensates comprising bisphenols and aromatic aminosulfonic acids, in particular, novel 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid-2, 2-bis(4-hydrocyphenyl)propaneformaldehyde type condensate and said condensate itself are disclosed. Uses of condensates as a dispersant for disperse dye, additive for carbonaceous fine powder-water slurry and water-reducing agent for cement are also claimed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes based on the following pyrenyloxy sulfonic acid structure: ##STR1## wherein at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 is --OCH.sub.2 C(O)OCH.sub.3, --OCH.sub.2 CON(O)H, --OCH.sub.2 CON.sub.3, --OCH.sub.2 CONHNH.sub.2, ##STR2## or --CH.sub.2 CONH(CH.sub.2).sub.n NH.sub.2 where n is an integer from 1 to 10; at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 is sulfonic acid or alkali salts of sulfonic acid; and all other of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or a hydroxyl group. The new reagents contain functional groups typically found in biomolecules or polymers. The spectral properties of the fluorescent dyes are sufficiently different in wavelengths and intensity from fluorescein as to permit simultaneous use of both dyes with minimum interference.

Abstract: The invention is a novel phosphonium salt, useful as an initiator or catalyst in the reaction of oxirane groups in an epoxy resin with aromatic carbonate and/or ester linkages in monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric carbonates, esters, or estercarbonates.

Abstract: The invention is a novel bis(phosphoranylidene) ammonium salt useful as an initiator/catalyst in the reaction of oxirane groups in an epoxy resin with aromatic carbonate and/or ester linkages in monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric carbonates, esters, or estercarbonates.

Abstract: The invention relates to benzylketone phospholipase A.sub.2 inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of treating phospholipase A.sub.2 -mediated conditions in mammals by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of such a benzylketone phospholipase A.sub.2 inhibitor. These compounds are also intermediates in the synthesis of other PLA.sub.2 inhibitors.

Abstract: Guanidiniumdodecylbenzene sulfonates of the formula ##STR1## where R is the group --H, --CH.sub.3 or ##STR2## and X is 1, 2, 3 or 4, and fungicides containing these compounds.

Abstract: Sulfonium and oxysulfonium salts, useful as photoinitiators, have directly attached to the sulfur atom thereof:at least one aromatic or heterocyclic aromatic substituent containing at least 14 aromatic atoms and having a removable positive hydrogen ion, said substituent exhibiting a higher energy occupied molecular orbital than at least one other substituent directly attached to said sulfur atom;and at least one substituent comprising an electron withdrawing group and exhibiting a lower energy unoccupied molecular orbital than at least one other substituent directly attached to said sulfur atom;said salt being capable, upon exposure to visible radiation, of undergoing irreversible intramolecular rearrangement to form a Bronsted acid comprising the anion of said salt and said removable positive hydrogen ion.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a liquifier for mineral binding agents comprising condensing a member of a group consisting of naphthalene sulfonic acid and alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acids with formaldehyde or a formaldehyde precursor in a highly acidic solution until a viscosity of 4,000 to 8,000 mPas is reached, adding water periodically to reduce the viscosity of the mixture until the condensation is complete and neutralizing the mixture to obtain a water-soluble condensation product and the liquifier produced thereby and mineral binding agents containing the same.

Abstract: A method for decolorizing color contaminated alkanesulfonic or arenesulfonic acids represented by Formula I:RSO.sub.3 H Icomprises mixing the color contaminated acid with an effective amount of a dialkanesulfonyl or diarenesulfonyl peroxide represented by Formula II:R.sup.1 SO.sub.2 --O--O--O.sub.2 SR.sup.1 IIand allowing the mixture to stand at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to allow the color of the acid to decrease to the desired level, wherein R in Formula I and R.sup.1 in Formula II may each represent an alkyl radical or an aryl radical, with the proviso that R in Formula I may be the same as or different from R.sup.1 in Formula II.