Abstract: These acrylates are those of formulae: ##STR1## where R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl; Y=C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl, heterocyclic radical whose ring contains from 5 to 10 members and whose heteroatom is chosen from N, O and S, an alkylaryl in which the alkyl part contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Y not being able to denote 1,4-phenylene when R denotes methyl; and Z=hydrocarbon radical containing at least 2 C forming with O and the 2 adjacent Cs a ring containing from 4 to 8 members.To prepare them, an acrylate of formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--COOR is reacted with a dialdehyde OHC--Y--CHO in the presence of an effective quantity of at least one functionalisation catalyst.The invention also relates to the preparation of new polymers and copolymers from the said acrylates.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of oligonucleotides by successive linking of individual or several nucleoside and/or nucleotide units in a homogeneous phase system using a bi-, tri- or tetra-functional carrier molecule of the general formula Sp(X).sub.n, wherein X is a reactive group which is compatible from the point of view of nucleotide chemistry and n is an integer from 2 to 4, the sequence SP(X-N.sup.1 -N.sup.2 . . . N.sup.m).sub.n being built up stepwise on the carrier molecule and the oligonucleotide of the formula N.sup.1 -N.sup.2 . . . N.sup.m subsequently being released.

Abstract: There is described a new process for the preparation of substituted 3-aminoacrylic esters of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X and n have the meaning given in the description.The 3-aminoacrylic esters of the formula (I) are obtained by reacting acetic esters of the formula (II)R.sup.1 --(X).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --COOR.sup.

Abstract: Toner particles comprising a polyester binder and a charge control agent are provided wherein such agent is a quaternary ammonium salt having one or more ester-containing moieties. Such an ester-containing salt causes toner particles to display lower fusing temperature, improved paper adhesion indexes, and improved polyester binder compatibility compared to nonesterified salts.

Abstract: Synthetic fuel and/or synthetic components for fuels are prepared from a mixture of aromatic polycarboxylic acids of suitable elementary composition, having a mean molecular weight of between 120 and 800 and an acidity of between 5 and 18 meq/g by partially decarboxylating them by heat treatment and subjecting the non-removed acidic functions to esterification with one or more alcohols or one or more olefins. This invention relates to a method for preparing a synthetic fuel and/or synthetic components for fuels, and the product obtained by said method.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods are described for treating a CNS disorder such as a cognitive disorder, epilepsy, depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease or neurotoxic injury. Compound of interest are 2-amino-4,5-methyleneadipic acid compounds and derivatives defined by the formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylthioalkyl, ##STR2## with each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 being independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl; wherein each of X and Y is independently selected from hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino and ##STR3## with each of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 being independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl; wherein any of R.sup.1 through R.sup.

Abstract: A synthetic lubricating fluid comprising at least one ester or its derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein: n is an integer of 0 to 5 and m is an integer of 0 to 5, with the proviso that the sum of n+m is 1 to 10 inclusive;R.sub.1 is independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl groups, andR.sub.2 is independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl groups.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an optically active cyclobutylamine which comprises reacting a racemic modification of cyclobuthylamine represented by the following general formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent each a hydrogen atom or a protecting group; with an optically active N-acylphenylglycine to thereby give two corresponding diastereomeric salts, crystallizing the more difficultly soluble diastereomeric salt and isolating the corresponding optically active cyclobutylamine from the diastereomeric salt thus crystallized. The optically active substances of the compound of the above general formula [I] are useful as, for example, an intermediate in the synthesis of 9-[(1R, 2R, 3S)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-cyclobutyl]guanine which is expected as an antiviral agent.

Abstract: A process for the transvinylation of a vinyl derivative of a Bronsted acid with a different Bronsted acid which comprises providing a liquid phase mixture containing said vinyl derivative and said Bronsted acid in the presence of a ruthenium compound at a temperature at which transvinylation occurs and recovering as a product of transvinylation the vinyl derivative of the different Bronsted acid. The process is most favorably employed using carboxylic acids to make vinyl esters of carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A phenylbicyclohexanol ester derivatives which is a nematic liquid crystal compound having a weakly positive dielectric anisotropy is disclosed. This compound has a high N-I point and yet a low .DELTA.n value. When mixed with other nematic liquid crystal compound(s), it can give a liquid crystal display cell material having excellent visual properties and high-temperature driving properties.

Abstract: Aqueous aldehyde solutions for trapping hydrogen sulfide comprising 5 to 50% by weight of an aldehyde and 1 to 5% by weight, relative to the aldehyde solution of a formulation comprising10 to 80% by weight of an ester of oxalkylated alkylalkylenediamines, which may be quaternized and 20 to 90% by weight of water or of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alcohol.

Abstract: Thio-bis-(hydrocarbyl substituted diacid materials), such as thio-bis-(polyalkyl lactone acid) and/or their precursors, the adducts of sulfur chloride and unsaturated diacid materials, e.g., 4,8-bis-polyalkyl-4,8-dichloro-6-thiaundecane-1,2,10,11-tetracarboxylic acid bis-anhydride and their dehydrochlorinated analogs, when esterified with an alcohol, preferably a polyol, such as pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritol or a polyalkylene glycol with or without acid catalysts and/or metal template reagents yield thio-bis-(alkyl lactone acid esters) and thio-bis-(hydrocarbyl diacid esters) which can be characterized in part, as macrocyclic and/or macrocyclic-like structures, are useful as stable additives in lubricating compositions, e.g. as varnish inhibiting dispersants for lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: Compositions containing sulfuric acid and one or more of certain chalcogen-containing compounds in which the chalcogen compound/H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 molar ratio is below 2 contain the mono-adduct of sulfuric acid which is catalytically active for promoting organic chemical reactions. Suitable chalcogen-containing compounds have the empirical formula ##STR1## wherein X is a chalcogen, each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR.sub.3 R.sub.4, and NR.sub.5, at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is other than hydrogen, each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical, and R.sub.5 is a divalent organic radical. Such compositions are useful for catalyzing organic reactions such as oxidation, oxidative addition, reduction, reductive addition, esterification, transesterification, hydrogenation, isomerication (including racemization of optical isomers), alkylation, polymerization, demetallization of organometallics, nitration, Friedel-Crafts reactions, and hydrolysis.

Abstract: Toner particles comprising a polyester binder and a charge control agent are provided wherein such agent is a quaternary ammonium salt having one or more ester-containing moieties. Such an ester-containing salt causes toner particles to display lower fusing temperature, improved paper adhesion indexes, and improved polyester binder compatibility compared to nonesterified salts.

Abstract: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors of formulae (I) and (II) are disclosed.

Abstract: A synthetic traction fluid comprising, as a base oil, at least one ester or its derivative selected from monoesters or their derivatives, and triesters or their derivatives represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is independently selected from ##STR2## and --OH with A' being an ester linkage and R.sub.1 being independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl groups, with the proviso that at least one Y is ##STR3## and R.sub.2 is independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl groups.

Abstract: A traction fluid comprising at least one compound selected from diesters or monoesters represented by general formulas ##STR1## wherein: A is an ester linkage ##STR2## n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 are independently integers having a value of from 0 to 5 inclusive;R.sub.1 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; andR.sub.2 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 2-acyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones and the oxime ethers thereof with herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties.The novel 2-acyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones and the oxime ethers thereof are of the formula I ##STR1## wherein A is a 2- or 7-membered alkylene bridge, or a 3- to 7-membered alkenylene bridge which may be mono- or polyunsaturated,n is 0, 1 or 2,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or benzyl,R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio; or is C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl; or phenyl, benzyl or phenylethyl, the phenyl ring of each of which may be substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, cyano or nitro,X is oxygen or a radical --NOR.sub.3, andR.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 haloalkenyl or C.sub.3 -C.

Abstract: Seco-mevinic acid derivatives are provided which has the structure ##STR1## including all stereoisomers thereof, wherein Z is ##STR2## R is H, alkali metal or lower alkyl, R.sup.1 is H, lower alkyl, aryl, lower alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl or heterocyclic; R.sup.2 is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl, and X is O or NR.sup.5 wherein R.sup.5 is H or lower alkyl, and are HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and thus are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents and in treating atherosclerosis. New intermediates for preparing the above seco-mevinic acid derivatives are also provided.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and (II): ##STR1## are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I) and (II): ##STR1## are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Abstract: Antihypercholesterolemic activity, due to competitive inhibition of HMG CoA reductase, has been found in compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from:(1) alkyl,(2) substituted alkyl in which one or more substituents are selected from(a) halogen,(b) hydroxyl,(c) alkoxy,(d) alkoxycarbonyl,(e) acyloxy,(f) cycloalkyl,(g) phenyl,(h) substituted phenyl in which one or more substituents are X or Y,(i) alkyl-S(O).sub.n,(j) cycloalkyl-S(O).sub.n,(k) phenyl-S(O).sub.n,(l) substituted phenyl-S(O).sub.n in which one or more substituents are X or Y, and(m) oxo,(3) alkoxy,(4) alkenyl,(5) cycloalkyl,(6) substituted cycloalkyl in which one or more substituents are selected from(a) alkyl,(b) substituted alkyl in which one or more substituents are selected from(i) halogen,(ii) hydroxy,(iii) alkoxy,(iv) alkoxycarbonyl(v) acyloxy(vi) phenyl(vii) substituted phenyl in which one or more substituents are X and Y,(viii) alkyl-S(O).sub.n,(ix) cycloalkyl-S(O).sub.

Abstract: The invention is a poly(arylcyclobutene) comprising arylcyclobutene moieties connected by a bridging member, which comprises a polyvalent organic radical which comprises carbonyloxy moieties which are bound to each aryl moiety, and a hydrocarbon poly-yl optionally containing N, O, S or P, wherein each carbonyloxy moiety is bound to such poly-yl, and wherein one or more cyclobutene rings are fused to one of the aryl rings.

Abstract: Fatty acid esters of oxalkylated alkylalkylenediamines, which may be quaternized:Esters of oxalkylated alkylalkylenediamines, which may be quaternized, of the formula ##STR1## where the individual symbols have the meaning given in the description, process for their production and their use as corrosion inhibitors, particularly in crude oil recovery plants and crude oil treatment plants.

Abstract: Alkyl carboxylates of the formula:R--CO--O--CH.sub.2 R'are prepared by hydrocarbonylating a compound of the formula:R--CO--O--R'in the simultaneous presence, in the reaction medium, of cobalt, ruthenium, an alkyl iodide and an ionic iodide, the atomic ratio Co/Ru being less than or equal to 1, and the total amount of iodine-containing promoters present in the medium being such that I/Ru is greater than or equal to 5.

Abstract: A process for the production of esters or lactones, comprising reacting in the presence of a catalyst and under hydrogenation conditions hydrogen and an acyclic or cyclic carboxylic anhydride to produce the corresponding ester or lactone, wherein the catalyst is a supported catalyst comprising:(a) a group VIII metal, Re and Fe;(b) a group VIII metal on TiO.sub.2 ;(c) Ru and at least one of Re, Ag or Cu; or(d) Pd and Fe.Preferably, the anhydride has the formula ##STR1## and is reacted to form an ester of the formula ##STR2## or a lactone of the formula ##STR3## wherein R and R.sup.1 independently are lower alkyl or cycloalkyl; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 independently are hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; and wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 taken together may form a saturated or unsaturated ring, or an aromatic ring. The more preferred starting material is phthalic anhydride.

Abstract: The new compounds produced from a molecular structural element with two chirality centers and at least one mesogenic structural element are defined by the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which the symbols have the following meaning: Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Y.sup.4 = in any two cases (a) hydroxy and MC--CO--O or, independently of each other, MC--CO--O and (b), independently of each other (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)alkoxy, MC denoting the molecular radical of a mesogenic carboxylic acid after splitting off a COOH group, and it being possible for Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3, in the case of (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)alkoxy, also to be jointly part of a dioxolane ring, or Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.4 jointly = 0 as part of a tetrahydrofuran ring, and Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 = hydroxy and MC--CO--O or, independently of each other, MC--CO--O. Said esters preferably find application as dopants in twistable liquid crystal phases in which they produce temperature compensation and twisting.

Abstract: An L-dopa derivative represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom and the other denotes a group of formula R--CO-- in which R denotes an alkyl, alkenyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, lower alkoxy or optionally substituted aralkyloxy group,and its acid addition salt. The compounds are useful in the medical field, especially in the treatment of a series of diseases called Parkinson's disease or Parkinsonism.

Abstract: The new compounds produced from a molecular structural element with two chirality centers and at least one mesogenic structural element are defined by the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which the symbols have the following meaning: Y.sup.1 =H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)alkyl, MC--CH.sub.2 or MC--CO, MC denoting the molecular radical of a mesogenic carboxylic acid after splitting off a COOH group,Y.sup.2 =(C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)alkyl, MC--CH.sub.2 or MC--CO, it being possible for Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 to jointly represent a MC--CH group, which is then part of a dioxolane ring,X=COOR.sup.1, CONH.sub.2, CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 or C.tbd.N,R.sup.1 =(C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)alkyl or MC--CH.sub.2, andR.sup.2, R.sup.3 =H and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl or, independently of each other, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl.Said esters preferably find application as dopants in twistable liquid crystal phases in which they produce temperature compensation and twisting.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of an optically active carboxylic acid or ester derivative thereof from a ketene and an optically active .alpha.-hydroxyester or an .alpha.-hydroxy amide.

Abstract: The novel esters of a chiral alcohol and a mesogenic carboxylic acid are characterized by the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which the symbols have the following meanings: n denotes 0 or 1,R.sup.1 denotes a straight-chain or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, in particular fluorine,R.sup.2 denotes unsubstituted or substituted (C.sub.6 -C.sub.18)aryl, cyclo(C.sub.5 -C.sub.12)alkyl or mononuclear or binuclear heteroaryl possessing a five-membered and/or six-membered ring, andMC denotes a molecular radical of a mesogenic monocarboxylic acid MC-OH after elimination of an OH group where n=0, and denotes a molecular radical of a mesogenic dicarboxylic acid HO-MC-OH after elimination of two OH groups where n=1, with the exception of compounds in which n denotes 0, R.sup.1 denotes CH.sub.3, R.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal mixtures and compounds. The invention also relates to electro-optical devices incorporating these mixtures.

Abstract: Hydroxy sulfonic acids in general and isethionic acid (2-hydroxy ethyl sulfonic acid) in particular can be prepared at 99+% purity and good yields by the selective oxidation of a precursor hydroxy mercaptan with hydrogen peroxide. The resulting product is pure enough to be used directly in the synthesis of sulfo-acrylic esters which are finding considerable use as stabilizers in producing vinylidene chloride copolymers used for FDA approved packaging films.

Abstract: This invention produces higher homologs, i.e., differing by at least a --CH.sub.2 -unit, of carbonyloxy-containing compounds by treating the carbonyloxy-containing compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium-containing compound, a proton donor, an iodide promoter, and optionally, a manganese-containing compound.

Abstract: A synthetic traction fluid comprising, as a base oil, at least one ester or its derivative selected from monoesters, diesters, triesters and derivatives thereof represented by the formula: ##STR1## where Y is independently selected from ##STR2## --(CH.sub.2)n--OH A' is an ester linkage, n is an integer of 1 to 3, and R.sub.

Abstract: A traction fluid comprising a diester or its derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein: A40 is an ester linkage of --COO-- or --OOC--;n is an integer of 1 to 6;R.sub.1 is independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms; andR.sub.2 is independently selected from alkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A traction fluid comprising a diester or its derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein A' is an ester linkage, n is an integer of 1 to 10, R.sub.1 is independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl groups, and R.sub.2 is the same or different and is selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl groups.

Abstract: Compounds are provided which comprise a fluorocarbon terminal portion and a chiral hydrocarbon terminal portion, said terminal portions being connected by a central core, said compounds having tilted smectic mesophases or having latent tilted smectic mesophases which develop when said compounds having said latent mesophases are in admixture with said compounds having tilted smectic mesophases or said compounds having latent tilted smectic mesophases.

Abstract: A fluoroalkane derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R denotes an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms, C* denotes an asymmetric carbon atom, R.sup.1 denotes an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-16 carbon atoms; ##STR2## respectively denote a phenylene group ##STR3## a cyclohexylene group ##STR4## or a pyrimidinylene group ##STR5## p is 0 or 1, q is 0 or 1 when p is 1, r is 0 or 1; and l, m and n are respectively 0 or a positive integer satisfying the relationship of l+m+n.gtoreq.1. The fluoroalkane derivative has a fluorine atom providing a large dipole moment and directly connected to an asymmetric carbon atom, so that it provides a high speed responsive characteristic through an increased spontaneous polarization when contained in a liquid crystal composition, especially a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: Dispirotetradecanes of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently of each other alkyl containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms wherein one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may also be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --O--COO-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- (trans), one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 also being H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, NCS,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each independently of each other trans-1,4-cyclohexylene wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, or 1,4-phenylene wherein one or more CH groups may also be replaced by N, with it also being possible optionally for A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 to be substituted laterally or axially by F, Cl, CN, CH.sub.3,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently of each other --C--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 -- or a single bond,m and n are each 0, 1 or 2,(m+n) 0, 1 or 2,X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.

Abstract: 1,1-Dialkoxy-2-methyl-4,4-diacyloxy-2-butenes having the general structure: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents alkyl substituents having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or both R.sub.1 substituents together represent a single ethylene or propylene substituent, or a single C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl substituent, and R.sub.2 represents alkyl substituents having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or cycloalkyl substituent having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms, or aromatic substituents (preferably phenyl substituents). These new compounds are useful as building blocks in the synthesis of terpenes and carotenoids.

Abstract: Shelf-stable biodegradable fabric softening compositions are provided comprising mixtures of a quaternized ester-ammonium softening compound having the formula ##STR1## and mixtures thereof, wherein each R substituent is independently selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl groups, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.13 -C.sub.21 hydrocarbyl group, and A.sup.- is a softener compatible anion; and a liquid carrier. These biodegradable compositions have improved product stability and dispersability, as well as excellent fabric softening characteristics.

Abstract: Organic compounds having functional groups such as aromatic ester, thioester, or carbonate groups are prepared by reacting an organometallic reactant where the metal is gallium, indium, thallium arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, with a suitable second reactant. For example, the ester ##STR1## can be prepared by reacting an organometallic derivative of hydroquinone with p-phenoxybenzoyl chloride.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaR.sup.1 --Q.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(COO).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --Q.sup.2 --R.sup.2whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-12 C atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or --Q.sup.3 --R.sup.3, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H;Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and Q.sup.3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1-4 fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms;R.sup.3 is alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-8 C atoms, H, F, Cl, Br or CN;m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; n is 0 or 1; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the sum of (m+p) being 2, 4 or 6 and the sum of (m+n+p) being at least 3;but with the proviso that Q.sup.3 is unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene substituted by a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, only when n=1 or (m+p)=6 or at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is F, Cl or Br or none of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is CN or two of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein m represents is the number 0 or 1; A is a single covalent bond, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --COO-- or --OOC--; rings B, C and D are 1,4-phenylene optionally substituted with cyano, halogen or lower alkyl; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are hydrogen or one of them also is cyano; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, either of which is optionally halogen-substituted, in which one CH.sub.2 group or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups is/are optionally replaced by oxygen; with the provisos that at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 has a chiral carbon atom or a C--C double bond or both when A is --COO-- and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 has a C--C double bond when A is a single covalent bond, their preparation, liquid crystalline mixtures containing these compounds and their use for electro-optical purposes are described.

Abstract: The new esters derived from a chiral compound containing two OH groups and at least one mesogenic carboxylic acid which have the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which X.sup.1 =O--H or O--CO--(C.sub.1 to C.sub.12)alkyl and X.sup.2 =O--MC or X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 denote O-MC independently of each other, where MC is the molecular radical of a mesogenic monocarboxylic acid after splitting off an OH group.The esters or esters substituted in the aromatic part of the phenolic part preferably find application as an admixture intwistable liquid crystal phases in which they produce a temperature compensation and a high degree of twisting.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal compound suitable to use as a component of liquid crystal dielectrics and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which compound is a dihalogeno-aromatic compound expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl or alkoxy of 1.about.12 C or alkoxymethyl of 2.about.

Abstract: The compounds of formula I, ##STR1## where the substituents have various significances, and physiologically acceptable hydrolyzable derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in the 2 position of the 3-aminopropoxy side chain in esterifield form, are useful as cardioselective .beta.-adrenoceptor blocking agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds usable as liquid crystals in liquid crystal display devices utilizing the electrically controlled birefringence effect.These compounds comply with formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents an alkoxy or alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Z represents a single bond or a radical chosen from among: ##STR2## provided that R.sup.1 represents an alkyl radical when Z represents a single bond and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms.They can be obtained by reacting an acid chloride of formula R.sup.

Abstract: Fluoro-substituted carbocyclic compounds are prepared by(A) reacting hydrogen fluoride with a chloro-cyclohexenyl compound of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of --H, --CH.sub.2 OH, --COF, --COCl, --CF.sub.3, --CN, ##STR2## and --CH.sub.2 R, where R is --H or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, to form a gem-dihalocyclohexane compound of the formula ##STR3## where X is chlorine and R.sub.1 and R.sub.