Abstract: An aqueous hair cleansing agent contains a sulfate-type anionic surfactant having a specific structure, an ether carboxylate-type anionic surfactant having a specific structure, and an organic carboxylic acid or salt thereof, thereby has a pH of 1 to 5 at 25° C. when diluted 20-fold with water.

Abstract: In various embodiments a urethane/molecular rebar formulation comprising a specific composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a urethane polymer or prepolymer/discrete carbon nanotube formulation. Utility of the urethane/molecular rebar composition includes improved foams and adhesives.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing transportation fuel and optionally a middle distillate, a diesel fuel, a heating oil, a jet fuel, a kerosene, an aviation gasoline, a gasoline fuel, or a lubricant base oil. The process includes the steps of (a) producing a naturally occurring aqueous fluid containing greater than 1 wt. % soluble carboxylic acids; (b) isolating at least a portion of the organic acids from the naturally occurring aqueous fluid; and (c) upgrading the isolated carboxylic acids. The step of upgrading the isolated carboxylic acids can include at least one of hydrotreating, hydrocracking, isomerization, esterification and FCC cracking. The aqueous fluid can then be used in processes for recovery of a mobile kerogen based product. Also disclosed herein is a process for preparing a biofuel comprising the organic acids isolated from naturally occurring aqueous fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition containing a particulate solid, a plastic material (such as a thermoplastic polymer) and a compound capable of having dispersant properties. The compound may be obtained/obtainable by reacting a fatty acid with either (i) a hydroxy-C4-5-alkylene carboxylic acid, or (ii) a lactone. The invention further relates to novel compounds, and the use of the compound as a dispersant.

Abstract: The current invention involves the surprising finding that when carboxylated particles, such as carboxylated polystyrene, PLGA, or diamond particles are administered to subjects, inflammatory immune responses are ameliorated. Additionally, the present invention describes methods of treating inflammatory diseases by administering these same carboxylated particles.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to processes, apparatuses and custom catalysts designed to depolymerize a polymer. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a de-polymerizing apparatus, catalysts and reaction schemes to obtain useful monomers including fuel products by “in situ” reactions using coupled electromagnetic induction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous neutralization process in which at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is neutralized at least partly with a base and the temperature of the neutralized solution is less than 70° C., and also to an apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for generating propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols from biomass using hydrogen produced from the biomass. The methods involve reacting a portion of an aqueous stream of a biomass feedstock solution over a catalyst under aqueous phase reforming conditions to produce hydrogen, and then reacting the hydrogen and the aqueous feedstock solution over a catalyst to produce propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and the other polyols, diols, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols. The disclosed methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated hydrocarbons without the need for hydrogen from an external source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium catalysts and related borohydride complexes, and the use of such catalysts, inter alia, for (1) hydrogenation of amides (including polyamides) to alcohols and amines; (2) preparing amides from alcohols with amines (including the preparation of polyamides (e.g., polypeptides) by reacting dialcohols and diamines and/or by polymerization of amino alcohols); (3) hydrogenation of esters to alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones) or polyesters); (4) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols and hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (5) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters; (6) hydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (7) amidation of esters (i.e.

Abstract: Provided herein are triazolium carbine catalysts useful for asymmetric hydration, fluorination, and deuteration, and processes for their preparation. Also provided are synthetic reactions in which these catalysts are used, in particular, in stereoselective formation of carbon-chlorine, carbon-hydrogen, carbon-fluorine, and carbon-deuterium bonds.

Abstract: This disclosure describes draw solution compositions for FO processes which increase the available membrane area for permeation and are also amenable to reconcentration with standard techniques, such as membrane filtration and evaporative technologies. The composition are comprised of a water soluble draw solute having surface active properties, i.e., a surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of using a depolymerization of lignin to create a tiered production of biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels is also described herein. The method described herein may also allow for the selective production of the biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels. Additionally, a reduction of waste products may also be provided from the present method.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to methods and means for allocating, allotting, apportioning, dispensing, distributing, preparing, portioning, meting out and/or otherwise providing, controlling and/or regulating access to quantities of foods, beverages, and/or other substances. Various embodiments of the methods and means of the invention may be performed by and/or implemented in hardware, in software, by one or more entities, and/or by some combination of hardware, software and/or one or more entities.

Abstract: A method for a prevention and/or treatment of irritable bowel syndrome or amelioration of a symptom thereof in a subject, comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of formula I:

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic routes for preparing various isomers of cyclohexane-based coolants, such as menthyl esters and menthanecarboxamide derivatives, in particular those substituted at the amide nitrogen, for example with an aromatic ring or aryl moiety. Such structures have high cooling potency and long lasting sensory effect, which make them useful in a wide variety of consumer products. One synthetic route involves a copper catalyzed coupling of a primary menthanecarboxamide with an aryl halide, such reaction working best in the presence of potassium phosphate and water. Using this synthetic route, specific isomers can be prepared including the menthanecarboxamide isomer having the same configuration as l-menthol and new isomers such as a neoisomer having opposite stereochemistry at the carboxamide (C-1) position. The neoisomer unexpectedly has potent and long lasting cooling effect.

Abstract: Acid-containing oral pharmaceutical compositions are provided wherein the pharmaceutical active agents are peptide compounds (i.e., those that include a plurality of amino acids and at least one peptide bond in their molecular structures). Certain barrier layers and/or particulate coated acid are used to reduce any adverse interactions that might otherwise occur between the acid of the compositions and other components of the composition. Use of these barrier layers and/or use of particulate coated acid is believed to promote a more simultaneous release of the components of the composition than is achieved by prior art acid-protection techniques, thus enhancing, and making more consistent, the bioavailability of the active peptide compounds.

Abstract: Ketocarboxylic acids such as levulinic acid can be efficiently purified in high yield by esterification with a hydrocarbon polyol to the corresponding polyketocarboxylic ester, which can be readily purified, for example recrystallized. After purification, the ketocarboxylic ester can be hydrolyzed to provide pure ketocarboxylic acid, or a salt thereof, after removal of the esterifying hydrocarbon polyol, or used for other synthetic transformations. Advantageously, the polyketocarboxylic esters, ketocarboxylic acids, and salts thereof produced by this method are obtained in high purity.

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing a hydrocarbon to a product comprising at least one of the corresponding hydroperoxide, alcohol, ketone, carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid, the hydrocarbon is contacted with an oxygen-containing compound in at least one oxidation zone in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cyclic imide having an imide group of formula (I): wherein X represents an oxygen atom, a hydroxyl group, or an acyloxy group and wherein the oxygen-containing compound supplied to said at least one oxidation zone has a water content of less than or equal to 0.6% by weight of the oxygen-containing compound.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate; and an amino acid salt disposed on the substrate. The article may be useful, for example, in the removal of an acid gas component from a gas.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I): which is useful as an intermediate in the preparation of pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: The invention broadly relates to the use of ?,?-unsaturated fatty acids to inhibit the filamentous growth of fungi and yeasts and to a method for producing same. In particular the invention relates to the use of optionally substituted C8 to CI5 ?,?-unsaturated fatty acids or salts, esters or amides thereof for inhibiting or retarding the yeast-to-mycelium transition of organisms having a dimorphic life cycle.

Abstract: A method of purification and modification of carbon nanoproduct involves forcing a mixture of the dehydrated air or oxygen or ozone or any combination thereof through the carbon nanoproduct under pressure up to 0.8 MPa accompanied by mixing of the carbon nanoproduct and heating in the temperature range from +20 to +550° C. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: A method for utilizing biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydroxy-sulphureous acid, to a method for preparation of the hydroxysulphureous acid and to products based on said hydroxysulphureous acid, to methods for preparation of said products and to use of said products, wherein said hydroxysulphureous acid is used as building blocks for polymer systems, e g aqueous polymer systems such as inks, coatings, and adhesives.

Abstract: A method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin from animal-based bioglycerin is described herein. A method of purification of animal-based bioglycerin is also described herein. The method of purification of animal-based bioglycerin described provides methods for desalinating, decolorizing, and/or concentrating animal-based bioglycerin for the production of biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds that block off-notes in consumables and methods of blocking off-notes in consumables including off-notes provided by artificial sweeteners including aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame K (Acesulfame potassium), sucralose and cyclamate; and including stevioside, swingle extract, glyccerhizin, perillartine, naringin dihydrochalcone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, mogroside V, rubusoside, rubus extract, and rebaudioside A.

Abstract: An amphiphilic nanoparticle comprises a nanoparticle having a hydrophilic region comprising a hydrophilic functional group bonded to a first portion of a surface of the nanoparticle, and a hydrophobic region of a surface of the nanoparticle. A downhole fluid comprises the amphiphilic nanoparticle, and a method of controlling an oil spill using the downhole fluid are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, A1, A2, X1, s and m are defined herein. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the compounds of the invention, and its therapeutic uses. The present invention further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Acid-containing oral pharmaceutical compositions are provided wherein the pharmaceutical active agents are peptide compounds (i.e., those that include a plurality of amino acids and at least one peptide bond in their molecular structures). Certain barrier layers and/or particulate coated acid are used to reduce any adverse interactions that might otherwise occur between the acid of the compositions and other components of the composition. Use of these barrier layers and/or use of particulate coated acid is believed to promote a more simultaneous release of the components of the composition than is achieved by prior art acid-protection techniques, thus enhancing, and making more consistent, the bioavailability of the active peptide compounds.

Abstract: A method of making a hyperbranched amphiphilic polyester compound includes drying under vacuum a mixture of 2-(4-hydroxybutyl)-malonic acid and p-toluene sulphonic acid as catalyst. The vacuum is then released with a dry inert gas after drying. The dried mixture is heated under the inert gas at a temperature sufficient for polymerization. The inert gas is evacuated while continuing to heat the mixture. The formed polymer is then dissolved in dimethylformamide and precipitated out by adding methanol. Modifications of the method yield nanoparticles of polyesters having properties suited for coencapsulating fluorescent dyes together with therapeutic drugs, resulting in theranostic nanoparticles, that is, nanoparticles useful in both therapeutic treatments and diagnostic methods.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I): which is useful as an intermediate in the preparation of pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing cycloheptene and derivatives thereof by ring-closing metathesis of unsymmetric 1,8-dienes whose C—C double bond at the 8 position is nonterminal. Cycloheptene and the cycloheptanone, cycloheptylamine, cycloheptanecarbaldehyde, cycloheptanecarboxylic acid and cycloheptanecarbonyl chloride conversion products thereof, and the derivatives thereof, are important synthesis units for active ingredient compounds. The ring-closing metathesis is preferably performed as a reactive distillation. The unsymmetric 1,8-dienes for the ring-closing metathesis can be obtained by catalytic decarbonylation or oxidative decarboxylation from the corresponding unsaturated carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives.

Abstract: Methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating or suppressing symptoms of neuroendocrine (NE) tumors comprising increasing the levels or activities of Notch1 protein or other components of the Notch1 signaling pathway of the cancer cells. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions for the methods.

Abstract: A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass is treated with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates. The pretreated biomass is contacted, with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to less than 300° C. in the presence of a pH buffering agent and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a suitable support, to form a plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oxide particles, comprising a step of mixing a metal carbonate with an acid to give a mixture, a step of heating the mixture to give a metal oxide and a step of pulverizing the metal oxide, and slurry wherein metal oxide particles obtained by the above method of producing are dispersed in an aqueous medium, a polishing slurry, and a method of polishing a substrate. Particularly, the present invention provides a polishing slurry containing cerium oxide particles obtained by using cerium carbonate as the metal carbonate material and oxalic acid as the acid. The present invention provides a method of producing oxide particles, wherein coarse particle- and abrasion powder-free fine particles can be rapidly obtained. The present invention also provides a polishing slurry using the oxide particles, which can maintain a suitable polishing rate, can reduce generation of scratches, and can accurately polish the surface of a semiconductor.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of recycling lead from lead containing waste, the method comprising the steps of mixing the battery paste with aqueous citric acid solution so as to generate lead citrate; isolating lead citrate from the aqueous solution; and converting the lead citrate to lead and/or lead oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel stabilized crosslinked compounds having secondary structure motifs, libraries of these novel compounds, and methods for the synthesis of these compounds libraries thereof. The synthesis of these novel stabilized compounds involves (1) synthesizing a peptide from a selected number of natural or non-natural amino acids, wherein said peptide comprises at least two moieties capable of undergoing reaction to promote carbon-carbon bond formation; and (2) contacting said peptide with a reagent to generate at least one crosslinker and to effect stabilization of a secondary structure motif. The present invention, in a preferred embodiment, provides stabilized p53 donor helical peptides. Additionally, the present invention provides methods for disrupting the p53/MDM2 binding interaction comprising (1) providing a crosslinked stabilized ?-helical structure; and (2) contacting said crosslinked stabilized ?-helical structure with MDM2.

Abstract: Substituted aryl and heteroaryl derivatives are disclosed. The compounds are useful for treating type 2 diabetes and related conditions. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment are also included.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for manufacturing a catalyst. The catalyst includes a mesoporous support and a plurality of metal nanoparticles dispersed and positioned in the mesopores of the mesoporous support. The method comprises the steps of: (a1)) allowing an organometallic precursor to be in contact with a mesoporous support, in which the organometallic precursor includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of ruthenium-containing compound, rhodium-containing compound and palladium-containing compound; and (a2) reducing the organometallic precursor in the presence of a supercritical fluid with a reductant, so that the organometallic precursor is reduced to the metal nanoparticles.

Abstract: Described herein are novel metal salts capable as nucleating agents for polyolefins. The present invention relates to such salts synthesized by reacting potassium hydroxide with carboxylic acids and further, to the achievement of high crystallization temperatures in polypropylene compositions upon dispersal therein of formulations containing one or more of the said metal salts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing ether carboxylates.

Abstract: A process for interconversion between WS-1 and neo-WS-1 by heating to a temperature in a range of from 60 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius. The heating can be done in the presence of an acid catalyst. Starting from practically pure (=98%) WS-1, or mixtures of WS-1 and neo-WS-1, practically pure (=98%) neo-WS-1 can be obtained. Starting from practically pure (=98%) neo-WS-1, or mixtures of WS-1 and neo-WS-1, practically pure (=98%) WS-1 can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an ether carboxylate which includes the steps of (1) reacting an aliphatic monohydric alcohol with an alkylene oxide in the presence of an alkali catalyst; (2) neutralizing a reaction solution obtained in the step (1) with an acid such as hydroxycarboxylic acids to obtain an ether alcohol; and (3-1) reacting the obtained ether alcohol with a monohalogenofatty acid or a salt thereof and an alkali metal hydroxide, or (3-2) subjecting the obtained ether alcohol to catalytic oxidation reaction in the presence of a catalyst. The obtained ether carboxylate has a less odor and a high quality and is therefore suitably used in the applications such as cosmetics and toiletries.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyesters, particularly poly(trimethylene terephthalate), comprising fluorovinylether functionalized aromatic repeat units, and methods to make the polyester polymers. The polymers are useful for imparting soil resistance to polyesters, particularly in the form of fibers, fabrics, and carpets.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the removal of inorganic components such as potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus and heavy metals, from biomass of rural or forest or urban origin or even mixture of different origin biomasses, from low quality coals such as peat, lignite and sub-bituminous/bituminous coals, from urban/industrial origin residues/wastes, which are possible to include as much organic—>5% weight—as inorganic—<95% weight—charge and from sewage treatment plant sludges. The desired goal is achieved with the physicochemical treatment of the raw material. The method can also include the thermal treatment, which can precede or follow the physicochemical one. The application of the thermal treatment depends on the nature and the particular characteristics of each raw material as well as on the feasibility analysis of the whole process in order to determine the optimization point in each case.

Abstract: A system and process for separating methacrolein (MA) from methacrylic acid (MAA) and acetic acid in the gas phase product from partial oxidation of isobutylene (IB) in two oxidation steps is disclosed. The process and system maximize recovery of all three components at minimum capital and energy cost, under conditions that minimize polymerization conditions and plugging by solids deposition in compressors, columns, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds capable of modulating the stability and/or activity of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) by inhibiting the activity of at least one HIF hydroxylase enzyme.

Abstract: A catalyst-coated support including a sheetlike support, a primer layer applied thereto and composed of nanoparticles composed of silicon oxide-comprising material, and at least one catalyst layer applied to the primer layer. The layers applied are notable for a particularly good adhesive bond strength and can be used particularly efficiently in heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions, especially in microreactors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, A1, A2, X1, s and m are defined herein. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the compounds of the invention, and its therapeutic uses. The present invention further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Process for the production of saturated monocarboxylic acids and triglycerides of saturated carboxylic acids having more than one acid functionstarting from non-modified vegetable oils containing triglycerides of unsaturated fattyacids, comprising the oxidative cleavage of the unsaturated fatty acids.