Abstract: This invention is for a catalyst for conversion of hydrocarbons. The catalyst is a non-acidic germanium zeolite, such as Ge-ZSM-5, on which at least two metals, platinum and at least one other metal selected from Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10 and tin, are deposited on the germanium zeolite. Examples of the other metal are iridium, rhenium, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, iron, cobalt and tin. The catalyst is prepared by synthesizing a germanium zeolite; depositing platinum and at least one other metal on the germanium zeolite; and calcining after preparation of the zeolite, before depositing the metals or after depositing the metals. The catalyst may be used in a process for the conversion of hydrocarbons, such as propane to aromatics, by contacting the catalyst with a hydrocarbon stream containing alkanes, olefins and mixtures thereof having 2 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule and recovering the product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of continuously conveying a liquid which is used as starting material in a chemical reaction by means of a displacement pump having physically separate forward-transport valves and a liquid-filled bidirectional flow line between displacement pump and forward-transport valves, wherein an auxiliary liquid which is a product or a starting material of the chemical reaction and has a melting point which is below the melting point or below the saturation temperature of the liquid to be conveyed is present in the bidirectional flow line. The present invention additionally provides for the use of a product formed by hydrogenation of an aromatic compound as auxiliary liquid for conveying an aromatic compound and also the use of an alcohol or an ester derived from alcohol and carboxylic acid as auxiliary liquid for conveying carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives.

Abstract: A process for making neo-enriched p-menthane intermediates is disclosed. Lewis acid-catalyzed rearrangement of an oxaspiro compound provides an aldehyde mixture comprising normal (II) and neo (III) p-menthane-3-aldehydes: with the neo aldehyde (III) as the major product. The aldehyde mixture is readily oxidized to provide the corresponding carboxylic acids, and the acids are easily converted to a host of neo-enriched p-menthane esters or amides. The esters and amides are valuable as physiological coolants.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of organic chemical feedstocks from biooil is presented. The process comprises separating the water soluble chemicals from biomass and recovering the primarily oxygenate compounds for use as feedstocks.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for synthesis of keto acids by hydration of an acetylene compound (acetylene-carboxylic acids) under mild conditions free from harmful mercury catalysts and a method for synthesis of amino acids from acetylene-carboxylic acids in a single container (one-pot or tandem synthesis). In one embodiment of the method according to the present invention for synthesis of keto acids, acetylene-carboxylic acids is hydrated in the presence of a metal salt represented by General Formula (1), where M1 represents an element in Group VIII, IX, or X of the periodic table, and X1, X2, or X3 ligand represents halogen, H2O, or a solvent molecule, and k represents a valence of a cation species, and Y represents an anion species, and L represents a valence of the anion species, and each of K and L independently represents 1 or 2, and k×m=L×n.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (Ia): which are useful as intermediates in the preparation of i.a. pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: Composites comprising at least one graphite-carbon nanofiber (GCNF) and a polymer phase covalently linked to a surface thereof.

Abstract: A block copolymer that can form selectively a microphase-separated structure under exposure with an ultraviolet exposure device, and a substrate processing method by which a micropattern can be formed at a low cost on the substrate by using the block copolymer. The block copolymer has as a basic skeleton a hydrophobic block that has a repeating structure of a hydrophobic monomer and a hydrophilic block that has a repeating structure of a hydrophilic monomer having a hydrophilic functional group. At least some of the hydrophilic functional groups are covered with a hydrophobic protective group and the hydrophobic protective group, which covers the hydrophilic functional group, is dissociated from the hydrophilic functional group by light irradiation. The substrate processing method uses the block copolymer to form a micropattern on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a coenzyme Q10 nanoparticle, a method of preparing the same and a composition having the nanoparticle. According to the present invention, Coenzyme Q10 may be dissolved in only a water-miscible organic solvent, and easily made into a nano-sized particle and solubilized under a low energy condition, for example, by simple stirring. The coenzyme Q10 may be dispersion-stabilized by an amino acid or protein. The coenzyme Q10 is formed in a nano-sized particle and solubilized, an absorption rate may be increased and simultaneously deliver the amino acid and protein with the nanoparticle. Thus, the coenzyme Q10 nanoparticle can be effectively used in food, cosmetics and medicine.

Abstract: Methods to radiolabel natural organic matter by reduction with a hydrogen labeled reducing agent, and compositions, are provided.

Abstract: Improved compounds have been developed which are structured to be sequestered with very high specificity in acidic areas of tissues. When the compounds contain a radioisotope effective to report the presence of the compound the compounds are for detecting tumors containing hypoxic/acidic areas. When the compounds contain radioisotopes effective to kill cells the compounds are for treating tumors containing hypoxic/acidic areas. Methods for detecting and treating tumors with such compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Fumaric acid derivatives and ophthalmic lenses using them are disclosed. More specifically, a fumaric acid derivative having a hydrophilic group and a silicon-containing alkyl group within a molecule, and contact lenses or intraocular lenses using the same are disclosed. The fumaric acid derivatives of the present invention provide, on one hand, superior oxygen permeability by having a silicon-containing alkyl group within the molecular structure, and on the other hand, improved compatibility with other hydrophilic monomers by having a hydrophilic group within the same molecule. When ophthalmic lenses obtained by polymerizing monomer compositions containing the fumaric acid derivative are constructed as, for example, water content lenses, lenses with high oxygen permeability independent from the water content may be obtained, wherein the fumaric acid derivatives is superior in compatibility with the hydrophilic monomer used in combination and allows the combination in various mixing ratios.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the method of producing concentric carbon nanospheres from the pyrolytic combustion of a carbonaceous material such as plant material. The material can be carboxylated and then optionally metallated to produce nanospheres capable of filtering a liquid such as water.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds as new chiral selectors for separating the optical or enantiomeric isomers of a compound, wherein the chiral selector comprises at least one compound of formula (I): and at least one metal ion, for example Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ or Co2+.

Abstract: Improved compositions have been developed which are selectively sequestered in acidic areas of tumors. When the compositions contain a radioisotope effective to report the presence of the composition, the compositions are useful for detecting tumors. When the compositions contain radioisotopes effective to kill cells, the compositions are useful for treating tumors. Methods for detecting and treating tumors with such compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: High yields and purity are obtained in the purification of enantiomers of chiral carboxylic acids by preparative-scale chromatography by including a tertiary alcohol in the mobile phase in conjunction with an acidic modifier and a hydrophobic solvent. The tertiary alcohol is superior to other, more commonly used alcohols by reducing the extent of esterification of the enantiomer that otherwise lowers the yield and the purity.

Abstract: A method of improving flowability of adipic acid includes adding to the adipic acid at a relatively low temperature a flowability improving agent, such as an acyclic saturated monobasic acid containing 10 to 22 carbon atoms or an acyclic saturated dibasic acid containing 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a new efficient method for the selective transformation, under mild conditions and in aqueous medium, of gaseous (ethane, propane and n-butane) and liquid (n-pentane, n-hexane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane) alkanes into carboxylic acids bearing one more carbon atom, characterized by a single-pot low-temperature (25-60° C.) reaction of the alkane with carbon monoxide in water/acetonitrile liquid medium, either in the absence or in the presence of a metal catalyst, in systems containing also an oxidant (a peroxodisulphate salt).

Abstract: The invention relates to a three-profile chromatographic sequential SMB process of separating and recovering products such as sugars and betaine from multicomponent feed solutions. In the process of the invention, product fractions and optionally recycle fractions are collected from several positions of the chromatographic separation system. The process of the invention may be applied to the separation of sucrose and betaine from sugar beet based solutions and to the separation of sugars, e.g. xylose, from plant-based hydrolysates, for example.

Abstract: The use of cyclohexanepolycarboxylic acid derivatives for reducing or minimizing the dust emission when handling pulverulent construction chemistry products, processes for the preparation of the pulverulent construction chemistry products and hydraulically setting materials containing the cyclohexanepolycarboxylic acid derivatives according to the invention are proposed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for producing polyols, ketones, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and alcohols from biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as sugars, sugar alcohols, saccharides and the like, using catalysts containing platinum, ruthenium and tin. The methods can be run at lower temperatures and pressures, and allows for the production of oxygenated compounds without the need for hydrogen from an external source. The oxygenated compounds produced are useful as industrial chemicals or chemical intermediates for liquid fuels production.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition containing a particulate solid, a plastic material (such as a thermoplastic polymer) and a compound capable of having dispersant properties. The compound may be obtained/obtainable by reacting a fatty acid with either (i) a hydroxy-C4-5-alkylene carboxylic acid, or (ii) a lactone. The invention further relates to novel compounds, and the use of the compound as a dispersant.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a plurality of support nanoparticles and a plurality of catalytic nanoparticles. At least one catalytic nanoparticle is bonded to each support nanoparticle. The catalytic particles have a size and a concentration, wherein a first configuration of the size and the concentration of the catalytic nanoparticles enables a first catalysis result and a second configuration of the size and the concentration of the catalytic nanoparticles enables a second catalysis result, with the first and second configurations having a different size or concentration, and the first and second catalysis results being different. In some embodiments, the first catalysis result is a selective reduction of a first selected functional group without reducing one or more other functional groups, and the second catalysis result is a selective reduction of a second selected functional group without reducing one or more other functional groups.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate; and an amino acid salt disposed on the substrate. The article may be useful, for example, in the removal of an acid gas component from a gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition. The composition comprises zinc and bismuth. The composition is for use in the protection of glassware in an automatic dishwashing process.

Abstract: A composition for deicing or for the preparation of a heat transfer fluid is provided. The composition comprises a mixture of at least two carboxylic acid salts having a t/c ratio of 2 or lower, including a dicarboxylic salt and a monocarboxylic salt, said dicarboxylic salt being present in the mixture in an amount of at least 50 wt % of the weight of the mixture, on a dry basis. More particularly, said mixture is including a succinate and a formate, wherein the succinate is in an amount of at least 50 wt %, on a dry basis. Also provided is a method for deicing a surface or preventing the accumulation of ice, snow or a mixture thereof on a surface, comprising a step of applying on a surface covered by ice, snow or a mixture thereof, or susceptible of being covered by ice, snow or a mixture thereof, the above composition. The composition is also useful for the preparation of a heat transfer fluid coolant to be used in a heat transfer system comprising a heat transfer fluid provided with a cooling system.

Abstract: Alkenes, unsaturated saturated carboxylic acids, saturated carboxylic acids and their higher analogues are prepared cumulatively from corresponding alkanes utilizing using a multi-staged catalyst system and a multi-stage process which comprises steam cracking of alkanes to corresponding alkenes at flame temperatures and at short contact times in combination with one or more oxidation catalysts for catalytically converting the corresponding alkenes to further corresponding oxygenated products using short contact time reactor conditions.

Abstract: The invention broadly relates to the use of ?,?-unsaturated fatty acids to inhibit the filamentous growth of fungi and yeasts and to a method for producing same. In particular the invention relates to the use of optionally substituted C8 to C15 ?,?-unsaturated fatty acids or salts, esters or amides thereof for inhibiting or retarding the yeast-to-mycelium transition of organisms having a dimorphic life cycle.

Abstract: A method oxidizes an organic compound with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst, in which the catalyst contains a N-hydroxy- or N-(substituted oxy)-imide compound derivable from at least one selected from a target product, a reaction intermediate, and a reaction byproduct, and the catalyst is produced from at least one component selected from the target product, reaction intermediate, and reaction byproduct each formed as a result of the reaction and is used in the oxidation reaction so as to make up for a loss of the catalyst due to denaturation in the reaction. The method can easily and inexpensively make up for a loss of the catalyst denaturated in the course of reaction.

Abstract: Drilling fluids comprising graphenes and nanoplatelet additives and methods for production thereof are disclosed. Graphene includes graphite oxide, graphene oxide, chemically-converted graphene, and functionalized chemically-converted graphene. Derivatized graphenes and methods for production thereof are disclosed. The derivatized graphenes are prepared from a chemically-converted graphene through derivatization with a plurality of functional groups. Derivatization can be accomplished, for example, by reaction of a chemically-converted graphene with a diazonium species. Methods for preparation of graphite oxide are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of functionalizing a carbon material. A carbon material is contacted with a carboxylic acid, whereby a mixture is formed. The mixture is heated for a suitable period of time at a temperature below the thermal decomposition temperature of the carbon material.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel oxylipins that are derived from ?-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n-6) and stearidonic acid (STA or SDA; 18:4n-3), and methods of making and using such oxylipins. Also disclosed is the use of such oxylipins in therapeutic and nutritional or cosmetic applications, and particularly as anti-inflammatory or anti-neurodegenerative compounds. Also disclosed are The invention novel ways of producing long chain polyunsaturated acid (LCPUFA)-rich oils and compositions that contain enhanced and effective amounts of SDA- and/or GLA-derived oxylipins.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and processes for producing novel hop acid formulations having improved bioavailability, and the use of such compositions as anti-inflammatory agents, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A photosensitive monolayer is self-assembled on an oxide surface. The chemical compound of the photosensitive monolayer has three components. A first end group provides covalent bonds with the oxide surface for self assembly on the oxide surface. A photosensitive group that dissociates upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation is linked to the first end group. A second end group linked to the photosensitive group provides hydrophobicity. Upon exposure to the ultraviolet radiation, the dissociated photosensitive group is cleaved and forms a hydrophilic derivative in the exposed region, rendering the exposed region hydrophilic. Carbon nanotubes or nanocrystals applied in an aqueous dispersion are selectively attracted to the hydrophilic exposed region to from electrostatic bonding with the hydrophilic surface of the cleaved photosensitive group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovering sterols and fatty and/or resin acids from tall oil pitch, comprising the steps of: a) saponifying tall oil pitch to provide saponified tall oil pitch, b) drying the saponified pitch to obtain dried saponified pitch, c) subjecting the dried saponified pitch to a first high vacuum evaporation to obtain an unsaponifiable fraction as a distillate and a first residue, d) optionally subjecting said distillate to a second high vacuum evaporation to obtain an enriched unsaponifiable fraction, e) crystallizing sterols from the unsaponifiable fraction or the enriched unsaponifiable fraction, f) acidulating the first residue obtained in step c) to obtain an aqueous phase and an organic phase, separating the aqueous phase and drying the organic phase to obtain a dried organic phase, and g) subjecting the dried organic phase to vacuum distillation to obtain fatty and/or resin acids and a second residue, said process additionally comprising providing pitch-based heavy comp

Abstract: Disclosed are novel oxylipins, referred to herein as docosanoids, that are derived from C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and method of making and using such oxylipins. Also disclosed is the use of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-6) (DPAn-6), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3) (DPAn-3), and docosatetraenoic acid (DTAn-6: C22:4n-6) as substrates for the production of novel oxylipins, and to the oxylipins produced thereby. Also disclosed is the use of DPAn-6, DPAn-3, DTAn-6, and/or the oxylipins derived therefrom, and/or novel docosanoids derived from the structures of C22 fatty acids, in therapeutic and nutritional or cosmetic applications, and particularly as anti-inflammatory or anti-neurodegenerative compounds. The invention also relates to novel ways of producing long chain polyunsaturated acid (LCPUFA)-rich oils and compositions that contain enhanced and effective amounts of LCPUFA-derived oxylipins, and particularly, docosanoids.

Abstract: What is described is a method for starting a gas phase oxidation reactor that contains a bed of a first catalyst whose active material comprises a catalytically active silver-vanadium oxide bronze, and at least one bed of a second catalyst whose catalytically active material comprises vanadium pentoxide and titanium dioxide, and whose temperature is controllable by means of a heat transfer medium. In the operating state, a gas stream which comprises a loading cop of a hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is passed through the reactor over the bed of the first and second catalyst at a temperature Top of the heat transfer medium. For the startup, a) a gas stream is passed through the reactor with a starting loading c0 which is less than cop, and at a starting temperature T0 of the heat transfer medium which is less than Top, and b) the temperature of the heat transfer medium is brought to Top and the loading of the gas stream to cop.

Abstract: A process for regenerating hydrogenation catalysts based on a platinum metal, where the hydrogenation catalysts based on a platinum metal are thermally regenerated at temperatures of from 50 to 600° C.

Abstract: A process for preparing at least one alicyclic carboxylic acid compound by Grignard reaction, the process comprising: reacting magnesium and at least one alicyclic halide compound in at least one solvent to produce at least one alicyclic Grignard reagent; concurrently adding carbon dioxide to the magnesium, the alicyclic halide compound, the solvent, and the alicyclic Grignard reagent, while the alicyclic Grignard reagent is still being produced, to form at least one alicyclic carboxylate magnesium salt; and hydrolyzing the alicyclic carboxylate magnesium salt to form the alicyclic carboxylic acid compound; wherein the alicyclic Grignard reagent and the alicyclic carboxylate magnesium salt are prepared in a one-pot synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-(2-ethyl-butyl)-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid which is useful as an intermediate in the preparation of pharmaceutical active compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for alkaline hydrolysis of carboxylic acid derivatives, especially carboxylic esters, to carboxylic acids, wherein, for the alkaline hydrolysis of the carboxylic acid derivatives, red mud which is produced by the Bayer process used for aluminum production is used as a reaction-promoting component, especially as a hydroxide ion source.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I): which are useful as intermediates in the preparation of i.a. pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (IIIo): in which n is an integer from 1 to 5; Ao represents a partially saturated carbonaceous bi- or tricycle; it also relates to their salts, solvates, N-oxides, the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, a method for their preparation and synthesis intermediates in this method.

Abstract: Process for the production of saturated monocarboxylic acids and triglycerides of saturated carboxylic acids having more than one acid functionstarting from non-modified vegetable oils containing triglycerides of unsaturated fattyacids, comprising the oxidative cleavage of the unsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds that block off-notes in consumables and methods of blocking off-notes in consumables including off-notes provided by sweeteners such as stevioside, swingle extract, glyccerhizin, perillartine, naringin dihydrochalcone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, mogroside V, rubusoside, rubus extract, and rebaudioside A, and artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame K (Acesulfame potassium), sucralose and cyclamate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing a 2-substituted-5-oxo-3-pyrazolidinecarboxylate compound of Formula I The method comprises contacting a succinic acid derivative of the formula R1OC(O)C(H)(X)C(R2a)(R2b)C(O)Y (i.e. Formula II) wherein X and Y are leaving groups and L, R1, R2a and R2b are as defined in the disclosure, with a substituted hydrazine of the formula LNHNH2 (i.e. Formula III) in the presence of a suitable acid scavenger and solvent. Also disclosed is the preparation of compounds of Formula IV wherein X1, R6, R7, R8a, R8b, R9, and n are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed is a composition comprising on a weight basis about 20 to 99% of the compound of Formula II wherein R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined in the disclosure; X is Cl, Br or I; and Y is F, Cl, Br or I; provided that when R2a and R2b are each H, and X and Y are each Cl then R1 is other than benzyl and when R2a and R2b are each phenyl, and X and Y are each Cl, then R1 is other than methyl or ethyl.

Abstract: Disclosed are Compounds that block off-notes in consumables and methods of blocking off-notes in consumables including off-notes provided by artificial sweeteners including aspartame, Saccharin, acesulfame K (Acesulfame potassium), sucralose and cyclamate; and including stevioside, swingle extract, glyccerhizin, perillartine, naringin dihydrochalcone, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, mogroside V, rubusoside, rubus extract, and rebaudioside A.

Abstract: The invention provides improved crosslinkers which permit more efficient determination of protein interactions in biological samples.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 4-alkoxy-cyclohexane-1-amino-carboxylic esters of the formula (IV) in which R1 and R2 are as defined in the description, to intermediates and processes for their preparation and to their use as intermediates in the synthesis of insecticidal, acaricidal and herbicidal compounds or pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing a hydrocarbon to the corresponding hydroperoxide, alcohol, ketone, carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, a reaction medium comprising a hydrocarbon is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cyclic imide of the general formula (I): wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or from the groups SO3H, NH2, OH and NO2, or from the atoms H, F, Cl, Br and I provided that R1 and R2 can be linked to one another via a covalent bond; each of Q1 and Q2 is independently selected from C, CH, N, and CR3; each of X and Z is independently selected from C, S, CH2, N, P and an element of Group 4 of the Periodic Table; Y is O or OH; k is 0, 1, or 2; l is 0, 1, or 2; m is 1 to 3; and R3 can be any of the entities listed for R1.