Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing a sputter target. The process comprises the steps of—providing a target holder (12); —applying an intermediate layer (14) on said target holder; —applying a top layer (16) on top of said intermediate layer; said top layer comprising a material having a melting point which is substantially higher than the melting point of said target material; —heating the target holder coated with said intermediate layer and said top layer.

Abstract: An insulated, self-annealing enclosure is taught, having an enclosure body for encasing one or more heated sheet metal coils, having an open bottom for receiving the heated coils and a floor that sealingly engages the open bottom of the enclosure body. A method is also taught for batch production of annealed sheet metal coils by loading a first batch of coils into an annealing furnace and heating the coils to a predetermined temperature. Next, the heated coils are transferred to a self-annealing enclosure. A second batch of coils is then loaded into the annealing furnace. Finally, a method is described for annealing sheet metal coils, involving heating the coils in an annealing furnace to a predetermined temperature, then loading the heated coils into a self-annealing enclosure and holding the heated coils inside the enclosure for a predetermined length of time.

Abstract: A method and device for the heat treatment of a profile, in particular an extruded profile for aircraft. The profile may be formed by one or more different, in particular curable, aluminium alloys. The method provides that at least two regions of a profile are subjected to a different heat treatment. The device includes a first chamber that encloses a first region of a profile and a second chamber that encloses a second region of the profile, wherein different temperatures can be set in the first and second chambers. The profile has at least two regions that each have different material properties and are formed by differential heat treatment.

Abstract: A method of casting a metal ingot with a microstructure that facilitates further working, such as hot and cold rolling. The metal is cast in a direct chill casting mold, or the equivalent, that directs a spray of coolant liquid onto the outer surface of the ingot to achieve rapid cooling. The coolant is removed from the surface at a location where the emerging embryonic ingot is still not completely solid, such that the latent heat of solidification and the sensible heat of the molten core raises the temperature of the adjacent solid shell to a convergence temperature that is above a transition temperature for in-situ homogenization of the metal. A further conventional homogenization step is then not required. The invention also relates to the heat-treatment of such ingots prior to hot working.

Abstract: In the present invention, there is provided a fabrication method of a material having an ultrafine grained structure characterized by including a step of providing a metal or an alloy having a stacking fault energy no greater than 50 mJ/mm2 and a step of introducing deformation twins having a twin interval no greater than 200 nm into structures of the metal or the alloy by processing the metal or the alloy. Further, according to this method, a material having an ultrafine grained structure characterized in that twins are included in a crystal structure and the twins have a twin interval no greater than 200 nm.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermally treating a plurality of curved suture needles. The apparatus includes a conveyer for transferring the plurality of curved suture needles from a source of curved suture needles to a receiver, a housing positioned adjacent the conveyer, the housing having a first end, a second end, and an opening running from the first end to the second end, the opening aligned with the conveyer to enable the plurality of curved suture needles to pass therethrough, and a heat source located within the housing for heating the plurality of curved suture needles as the plurality of curved suture needles are transferred by the conveyer from the first end of the housing to the second end of the housing. Also provided is a process for thermally treating a plurality of curved suture needles to enhance the stiffness and yield moment of the curved suture needles. The curved suture needles so treated have a desirable combination of stiffness, strength and ductility.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermally treating and coloring a plurality of curved suture needles. The apparatus includes a conveyer for transferring the plurality of curved suture needles from a source of curved suture needles to a receiver, a housing positioned adjacent the conveyer, the housing having a first end, a second end, and an opening running from the first end to the second end, the opening aligned with the conveyer to enable the plurality of curved suture needles to pass therethrough, a heat source located within the housing for heating the plurality of curved suture needles as the plurality of curved suture needles are transferred by the conveyer from the first end of the housing to the second end of the housing and a system for providing a gas mixture containing a fractional concentration of oxygen to oxidize and colorize the surfaces of the plurality of curved suture needles as the plurality of suture needles pass through the housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of introducing compressive residual stresses into shaft notches of a shaft which is configured as a stepped shaft having successive stages having a different diameter. Diameter transitions or notch regions are located between each two adjacent stages. The diameter transitions or notch regions are quenched in a controlled manner as part of a heat treatment of the shaft.

Abstract: Heat treatment processes for hardening a workpiece such as a turbine blade include attaching a spacer to a workpiece surface, wherein the spacer comprises an inner profile mirroring the workpiece surface and an outer profile effective to generally uniformly distribute heat to the workpiece surface, heating the spacer to uniformly heat the workpiece surface at a temperature effective to form an austenitic microstructure in the workpiece surface, cooling the workpiece surface at a rate effective to transform the austenitic microstructure to a martensitic microstructure, and removing the spacer from the workpiece prior to or subsequent to cooling.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for processing a metal body which can turn a metal structure of the metal body into a finer grain structure thus obtaining the high strength and the high ductility. In a method or an apparatus for processing a metal body which turns the metal structure of the metal body into the finer grain structure by forming a low deformation resistance region where the deformation resistance is locally lowered in the metal body and by deforming the low deformation resistance region by shearing, using a non-low deformation resistance region forming means which forms a non-low deformation resistance region by increasing the deformation resistance which is lowered in the low deformation resistance region, the non-low deformation resistance region is formed along the low deformation resistance region.

Abstract: Technology for efficiently and stably providing an erbium sputtering target with low generation of particles during sputtering and capable of achieving favorable uniformity of the sputtered film, as well as a method for manufacturing such an erbium sputtering target is provided. More specifically, an erbium sputtering target is manufactured by forging and heat treatment, wherein the target purity is 3N5 or higher, and the average grain size of crystals observed in the target structure is 1 to 20 mm. The method of manufacturing an erbium sputtering target includes the steps of subjecting a vacuum-cast ingot having a purity of 3N5 or higher to constant temperature forging within a temperature range of 1100 to 1200° C., subsequently subjecting the forged target material to heat treatment at a temperature of 800 to 1200° C., adjusting the target purity to be 3N5 or higher and the average grain size of the target structure to be 1 to 20 mm, and cutting this out to obtain a target.

Abstract: Manufacturing heat-treatable wrought metal plate having length, width and thickness directions and an engineering properties gradient along at least one plate dimension. Rolled, extruded or forged wrought metal plate is solution heat treated and rapidly cooled. The cooled plate is aged by heat treatment for time to arrive at different tempers across at least one plate dimension (length or width). Controlled heat-input into the plate along its length direction raises plate temperature above ambient temperature to temperature T1, and a temperature gradient is applied between temperature T2 and T3, wherein T2>T3, across at least one direction of the plate by controlled heat-input into the plate from one side (width or thickness) of the plate to temperature T2 and controlled cooling to temperature T3 from the plate at the opposite side of the controlled heat-input, and ageing the plate while applying the temperature gradient between T2 and T3.

Abstract: A method of forming a pin adapted to be used in a PGA joint, and a flattening head used to perform the method. The method includes: providing a pin blank; and forming a pin head by coining an end of the pin blank using a flattening head thereby forming the pin, the pin having a pin stem and the pin head attached to the pin stem, the flattening head being shaped to impart a topography to an underside surface to the pin head that is non-smooth during coining, the topography being adapted to allow gases to escape from a pin-attach solder disposed adjacent to the underside surface.

Abstract: A method of heat treating a superalloy component comprises solution heat treating the component at a temperature below the gamma prime solvus temperature to produce a fine grain structure in the component. Insulation is placed over a first area of the component to form an insulated assembly. The insulated assembly is placed in a furnace at a temperature below the solvus temperature and maintained at that temperature for a predetermined time to achieve a uniform temperature in the component. The temperature is increased at a predetermined rate to a temperature above the solvus temperature to maintain a fine grain structure in a first region, to produce a coarse grain structure in a second region and to produce a transitional structure in a third region between the first and second regions of the component.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a memory cell including a solid electrolyte layer doped with metallic material and an electrode layer arranged above the solid electrolyte layer. The method includes doping a solid electrolyte layer with metallic material and forming an electrode layer above the solid electrolyte layer, wherein doping the solid electrolyte layer is carried out before forming the electrode layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Ti—Ni based functionally graded alloys easy in proportional control, which are made by cold working and annealing Ti—Ni based alloys under a predetermined temperature gradient. The thus processed Ti—Ni based functionally graded alloys have a shape memory effect and an ultra elasticity and at the same time, have a consecutive variation of shape depending on a temperature variation.

Abstract: Treatment process for stainless steel bars, in particular a solution quenching, to be performed directly in-line downstream of the rolling mill which makes it possible to obtain a material devoid of intergranular corrosion and with microstructural characteristics suitable for subsequent uses. Advantageously, said process also makes it possible to improve the productivity of the entire rolling plant. The treatment is suitable to be performed on austenitic, ferritic, or austeno-ferritic stainless steel bars, Al—Cu alloy bars, Nickel alloy bars, and all other alloys requiring rapid cooling in order to prevent undesired phase precipitations. Prevention of intergranular corrosion obtained with the treatment process of the invention makes it possible to prevent problems, and relative costs, during surface treatment of the bars and those that could occur in final use.

Abstract: In a process of producing an R—Fe—B based rare-earth sintered magnet, first, an R—Fe—B based sintered magnet, including, as a main phase, R2Fe14B type compound crystal grains with a light rare-earth element RL (which is Nd and/or Pr) as a main rare-earth element R, is provided. Next, the surface of the sintered magnet body is coated with an RHM alloy layer including RH (which is at least one rare-earth element selected from Dy, Ho and Tb) and a metal M (which is at least one metallic element selected from Al, Cu, Co, Fe and Ag). Thereafter, a heat treatment is conducted at about 500° C. to about 1,000° C. within a vacuum or an Ar atmosphere, thereby diffusing the metallic element M and the heavy rare-earth element RH inward from the surface of the rare-earth sintered magnet body.

Abstract: A rail manufacturing method is provided, in which a billet is hot-rolled into a rail form and the rail is cooled to ambient temperature. The foot part of the rail can be mechanically restrained to improve the straightness of the rail during at least the period of cooling where the surface temperature is between 800° C. and 400° C. In the subsequent cooling process, at least while the surface temperature of the foot of the rail is between 400° C. and 250° C., the rail is kept in an upright state, and cooled naturally without using insulation or accelerated cooling.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing components capable of transporting a liquid including providing a mold, placing at least one core made from a core material into the mold, injecting a component material into the mold about the core to produce a green component, heating the green component to burn out the core and produce a brown component, and sintering the brown component to produce a finished component capable of transporting a liquid wherein the finished component is from about 95% to about 99% dense.

Abstract: The positive electrode active material in accordance with the present invention is used for a positive electrode for a lithium-ion secondary battery, includes Li, Mn, Ni, Co, and O atoms, and has a substantially halite type crystal structure. Specifically, it is preferably expressed by LiaMnbNicCodOe, where a is 0.85 to 1.1, b is 0.2 to 0.6, c is 0.2 to 0.6, d is 0.1 to 0.5, and e is 1 to 2 (the sum of b, c, and d being 1). Because of such composition and crystal structure, the positive electrode active material of the present invention reduces the amount of elution of the battery into the liquid electrolyte and enhances the stability at a high temperature.

Abstract: Sputtering targets and methods of making sputtering targets are described. The method includes the steps of: providing a sputtering metal workpiece made of a valve metal; transverse cold-rolling the sputtering metal workpiece to obtain a rolled workpiece; and cold-working the rolled workpiece to obtain a shaped workpiece. The sputtering targets exhibits a substantially consistent grain structure and/or texture on at least the sidewalls.

Abstract: A method for processing a metal part includes extruding an Al-RE-TM alloy to form an extruded part, heating the extruded part, and applying a compressive strain greater than about 50% on the heated part.

Abstract: A thermal process for treating a metal to improve at least one structural characteristic of the metal comprising: placing a metal with a metal temperature within a thermal control apparatus, introducing a cryogenic material to decrease the metal temperature, while preventing over-stressing of the metal, to a first target temperature ranging from ?120 degrees Fahrenheit to ?380 degrees Fahrenheit at a first temperature rate, ranging from degrees Fahrenheit per minute to 20 degrees Fahrenheit per minute, stopping the introduction of cryogenic material once the first target temperature is reached, and increasing the chamber temperature to a second target temperature ranging from 0 degrees Fahrenheit to 1400, and increasing the metal temperature to the second target temperature at a second temperature rate ranging from 0.25 degrees Fahrenheit per minute to 20 degrees Fahrenheit per minute, resulting in a treated metal without fractures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new composition and medical implant made therefrom, the composition comprising a thick diffusion hardened zone, and preferably further comprising a ceramic layer. The present invention relates to orthopedic implants comprising the new composition, methods of making the new composition, and methods of making orthopedic implants comprising the new composition.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cam shaft that prevents cracks during the joining of a cam lobe to a shaft, and improves the degree of freedom of design of the cam lobe is provided. By a method of manufacturing a cam shaft that after an inner circumferential surface 13 of a cam lobe 1 is subjected to treatment for residual compressive stress addition treatment, the cam lob 1 is joined to a shaft, above problem is solved. It is preferred that the residual compressive stress on the inner circumferential surface 13 of the cam lobe 1 is not less than 100 MPa. In addition, an outer peripheral surface 14 of the cam lobe 1 can be also subjected to treatment for residual compressive stress addition treatment. As the treatment for residual compressive stress addition treatment, shot-peening treatment, induction hardening treatment, barrel polishing treatment, carburizing and quenching treatment or carbonitriding treatment is performed.

Abstract: A powder injection molding composition is disclosed. The composition comprises caprolactam and a plurality of particles, where that plurality of particles is selected from a metal powder, a metal hydride powder, a ceramic powder, a ferrite powder, and mixtures thereof. The composition optionally firther comprises a wax and polymeric material.

Abstract: A method of producing forgings includes the steps of: forming forgings from a steel wire rod; heating the forgings to a temperature range of 830˜900° C.; subjecting the forgings to first tempering at a temperature range of 100˜300° C. after the heating at 830˜900° C.; and subjecting the forgings to second tempering at a temperature range of 300˜400° C, after the first tempering. In the first tempering, the forgings are quenched in a salt bath having a temperature in the range of 100˜300° C., and are tempered for 60˜130 minutes. In the second tempering, the forgings are quenched in a salt bath having a temperature in the range of 300—400° C., and are tempered for 30˜150 minutes.

Abstract: In the case of a strand guiding roller with at least one roller shell and with hat least two supporting shafts, two supporting shafts being respectively connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a roller shell and each supporting shaft being rotatably supported in a supporting bearing, to achieve a type of construction that is simple and can withstand the high thermal and mechanical loading that occurs, it is proposed that the roller shell is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the supporting shafts carrying it on both sides by shrink-fit connections or by press-fit connections.

Abstract: A method for producing a shaft comprising a first section, a second channelled section, and a third section provided with an abutment shoulder surface for the starter, the method comprising the following steps: a) the three sections are machined; b) external grooves are produced in the second section; and c) at least one axial part of the starter shaft is subjected to a surface heating treatment. The invention is characterised in that the method comprises an additional step, prior to the heating treatment step, for reducing the residual mechanical stresses resulting from steps preceding the heating treatment. The additional step is a step for annealing, especially by induction heating, at least one axial part of the starter.

Abstract: A method of rendering an alloy with increased hardness is provided, the method including the steps of heat treating the alloy until the formation of at least one ordered region in the alloy. An alloy prepared according to this method and an item of jewelry fashioned from or including such an alloy are also provided.

Abstract: A process for repairing cracks in a workpiece, such as a turbine engine component, comprises the steps of: providing a workpiece having a crack to be repaired; applying a nickel or cobalt base alloy material to a root of the crack in an amount sufficient to fill a portion of the crack; subjecting the workpiece with the nickel or cobalt base alloy material to a first heat treatment at a temperature in the range of from about 1950 to 2300° F. for a time period in the range of from about 5.0 to 30 minutes; applying a weld material to the crack; and subjecting the workpiece with the weld material to a second heat treatment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing tissue and/or other material from a patient includes a shaft and a tissue disrupting mechanism operatively coupled to the shaft. The shaft may be coupled to a handpiece or a robotic or remote-controlled system. The mechanism may comprise a rotatable or other movable element having a distal portion with fixed or adjustable radial dimensions. The mechanism may have one or more tissue cutting, chopping, grinding, emulsifying or disrupting features with an adjustable outer diameter for removing substantial tissues. The apparatus may be configured to urge or draw substantial material into the device upon rotation or other movement of the shaft and/or tissue, and may optionally be coupled to sources of suction or aspiration. A radiofrequency or other energy source is optionally included for tissue ablation or other tissue remodeling effects, and/or to enhance coagulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for combining the different minerals used for the jewels comprising the process steps of thinning and fixing to each other the bottom and the top layers (1, 3), thinning by means of extruding from the cylinder the structure (A) that forms as a result of fixing the bottom and the top layers (1, 3), preparing the mixture comprising the welding material in the form of a plate and thus forming the intermediate layer (2), placing the intermediate layer (2) comprising the welding material between the two layers (1, 3) and injecting an oxygen-repelling gas, in order to obtain a fixed structure (A) by means of kiln-drying process carried out for a certain time at a particular temperature, obtaining the thin structure (B) by thinning the obtained fixed structure (A) by means of extruding it from the cylinder.

Abstract: Composite phase structure of early transition metal-based metallic alloys, including those of crystalline, quasicrystalline and amorphous phases, can be obtained in a controllable way upon direct (in-situ) cooling (solidification) of the alloy, realized either by adjusting the alloy compositions at a fixed cooling rate or by changing the cooling rates for a given alloy composition. Some embodiments are based on the addition of later transition metals, mainly of Cu with Ni or Fe with Co in early transition metal based (mainly Ti and Zr or Hf and Nb) metallic alloys. If cooling rate is on the scale of 103° C./s, a wholly amorphous structure is obtained for most of the compositions. At reduced cooling rates, composite structures with different kinds of phases can be achieved, as illustrated graphically in FIG. 1. Nickel addition promotes the formation of quasicrystalline phases, especially for Ti-rich alloy compositions with beryllium.

Abstract: A method for making a downhole tool material for a hydrocarbon well that includes solution heat treating a precipitation hardening nickel alloy; cold working the alloy following the solution heat treating; aging the alloy following the cold working and the material made therefrom.

Abstract: A shaped guidewire for use in medical applications is disclosed. The guidewire is shaped so as to prevent inadvertent advancement of the guidewire into the corpus of a patient during use. In one embodiment, the guidewire includes an elongate body that defines proximal and distal ends. The guidewire body further defines a shaped portion that is positioned intermediate the proximal and distal ends. The shaped portion of the guidewire is at least partially composed of a shape memory material, such as nitinol, and is deflected from a longitudinal axis defined by an undeflected portion of the guidewire body. The shaped portion is disposed in one embodiment at the proximal end of the guidewire. In another embodiment, a proximal portion of the nitinol guidewire can be treated to impart malleability and enable deflection by a clinician. Methods for forming the shaped or malleable guidewire to include a deflected portion are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heat-treating metal work pieces, whereby a cooling gas flow is produced in a vacuum furnace by means of a fan, driven by a three-phase AC motor, in order to quench the work pieces. The aim of the invention is to improve the heat treatment of metal work pieces in such a manner as to improve the quenching in a simple and inexpensive manner. For this purpose, the three-phase AC motor comprises first three-phase windings designed for a lower supply voltage and second three-phase windings designed for a higher supply voltage. The three-phase AC motor is operated with the first three-phase windings until a minimum pressure defined in terms of the motor output is reached in the vacuum furnace and with the second three-phase windings until a minimum pressure defined in terms of the motor output is reached or exceeded in the vacuum furnace.

Abstract: A method for the heat treatment of extended steel products such as, for example, rods, pipes, work pieces, etc., while the products are in motion. The products (13, 14, 33, 34, 35) are caused to be heated by DFI burners (6-11, 16-20) (where “DFI” is an abbreviation for “direct flame impingement”), which burners are caused to be located such that one set of burners (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11), (16, 17, 18, 19, 20) essentially covers the circumference of the products, and in the burners are caused to be located integrated into arrangements (2-4, 13) that transport the product in a direction that is perpendicular to a plane in which the flames of the burners essentially lie.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a continuous heat treatment furnace in which an atmosphere-control gas is introduced to a heating chamber 1 having a heating zone 1a, metal tubes are continuously charged along an axial direction from a furnace entrance 2a, and the metal tube subjected to a heat treatment is taken out from a furnace exit 2b. The continuous heat treatment furnace includes a front chamber 4 which has a preheating zone 3 on an entrance side of the heating chamber and seal curtains 5a and 5b which are located on an entrance side and an exit side of the front chamber. Another aspect of the present invention provides a metal tube subjected to the heat treatment using the continuous heat treatment furnace, and yet another aspect of the present invention provides a heat treatment method for performing the heat treatment using the heat treatment furnace.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of treating a component comprising solution treating the component for a period of about 4 to about 10 hours at a temperature of about 1750 to about 1850° F.; cooling the component to a temperature of about 1580 to about 1650° F. at an average rate of 1° F./min to about 25° F./min; stabilizing the component at about 1580 to about 1650° F. for a period of about 1 to about 10 hours; cooling the component to room temperature; precipitation aging the component at a first precipitation aging temperature of about 1275 to about 1375° F. for about 3 to about 15 hours; cooling the component at an average rate of 50 to about 150° F./hour to a second precipitation aging temperature of about 1100 to about 1200° F. for a time period of about 2 to about 15 hours; and cooling the component.

Abstract: A method for reworking an aircraft wing, attached to an aircraft fuselage, to reduce a propensity for advanced dynamic changes is described. The reworking method includes verifying components of the aircraft wing are in a condition acceptable for reworking, removing at least one existing fastener from the wing, reworking the at least one fastener hole using a coldworking process, and installing an oversized fastener into the at least one reworked fastener hole.

Abstract: An article is presented where the article comprises an alloy having a minor phase dispersed within a matrix phase and a plurality of substantially equiaxed grains. The article further comprises a continuous gradient in grain size from a first grain size at an outer surface of the article to a second grain size at an inner portion of the article, wherein the first grain size is less than the second grain size. Methods for forming the article using high deformation processing are also presented, where the processing includes extruding the feedstock material through a die having a twist channel configured to apply a torsional strain to the feedstock material as it passes through the die to form an extruded billet.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high ductility and high hot tensile strength tungsten wire for incandescent lamp filaments is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of preparing a tungsten alloy, swaging a tungsten rod from the alloy, and drawing the swaged rod to wire size in multiple drawing passes. In the method, the wire is annealed between predetermined draws. It is proposed that an annealing is performed before the final drawing pass, by annealing the wire at a temperature between 1100-1300° C. There is also provided a tungsten wire for incandescent lamp filament, which has high ductility and high hot tensile strength. The tungsten wire of the invention has a cold tensile strength-hot tensile strength ratio not exceeding 3.5.

Abstract: A plant for the heat treatment of metallic elements (E) includes: at least a chamber (3) for containing the metallic elements (E) having at least one access opening (A1); a heater (4) of the chamber (3), operating on the chamber (3) for bringing the same at a predetermined temperature; a conveyor (15), connected with a respective actuator and acting on the metallic elements (E) for transferring these latter at the exiting and/or entering with respect to the chamber (3). The conveyor (15) has been positioned outside the chamber (15) during the functioning of the plant (1).

Abstract: An exhaust manifold and a method for manufacturing an exhaust manifold that includes a housing part and overlapping corrugated sheet parts having corrugations at an angle of 10 to 60 degrees relative to each other. The method includes the steps of preoxidizing the manifold parts and after the preoxidation step joining the manifold parts simultaneously to each other by resistance welding.

Abstract: A process to manufacture an oilfield component comprises selectively reinforcing a base material with an age-hardenable clad material and selectively heating at least a portion of the clad material such that it age-hardens and the base material remains at less than the tempering temperature of the base material. A body of a ram blowout preventer comprises, a low-ally base material, a vertical bore through the body and a horizontal bore through the body intersecting the vertical bore, wherein the body is heat treated by a process comprising selectively heating at least a portion of the clad material such that the clad material age-hardens and the base material remains at less than the tempering temperature of the base material.

Abstract: A process to manufacture an oilfield component including a base material and an age hardenable clad material comprises finish tempering the oilfield component at a selected time and at a selected temperature to temper the base material and age harden the clad material. A body of a ram blowout preventer comprises, a vertical bore through the body and a horizontal bore through the body intersecting the vertical bore, wherein the body is selectively reinforced with a clad material, and wherein the body is formed by a process comprising finish tempering at a selected time and at a selected temperature to temper the base material and age harden the clad material.

Abstract: A method of fabricating yttria parts is provided herein. In one embodiment, the method includes sintering a yttria sample, machining the sintered sample to form a part, and annealing the part by heating the part at a predetermined heating rate, maintaining the part at a constant annealing temperature, and cooling the part at a predetermined cooling rate. At least one of the sintering and annealing atmospheres is an oxygen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: Method for eliminating the precipitates contained in a II-VI solid semiconductor material by annealing, in which said solid semiconductor material is a congruent sublimation solid semiconductor material, and in which the following successive steps are carried out: the solid semiconductor material is heated under an inert gas flow up to a temperature T, between a first temperature T1, corresponding to the compound II-VI/element VI eutectic, and a second temperature T2, corresponding to maximum congruent sublimation temperature; the solid material is held at this temperature T under a neutral gas flow for a time period sufficient to eliminate the precipitates; the solid semiconductor material is cooled under an inert gas flow from temperature T to ambient temperature, at a rate such that, during cooling, the solid material merges with its congruent sublimation line; the precipitate-free solid semiconductor material is recovered.