Abstract: The present invention provides a photocatalyst material, which can comprise a photocatalyst with an excellent adherence to a substrate and a high photocatalytic activity, and a production method thereof. The photocatalyst material (20) obtained by reacting crystal nuclei with a sol solution containing an organic metallic compound or the like and then carrying out gelation, solidification and heat treatment has a structure where more than one basic structures (10) are fixed to the surface of the substrate (1). The basic structure consists of abase portion (2) comprising crystal nuclei fixed to the surface of the substrate (1) and a photocatalyst crystalline body (3), which connects to and is extended from the base portion (2) and has a columnar structure having a hollow portion (5) formed therein. A cylindrical substrate may be used for the substrate (1). The above photocatalytic activity is further enhanced by the formation of an interior-exposing structure (8) in a shell portion (4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treating surfaces, comprising a copolymer as component A, synthesized from (meth)acrylic acid or salts thereof, a carboxylate-containing monomer and/or monomers containing groups containing phosphoric and/or phosphoric acid or salts thereof, and further comonomers if desired, to a passivating layer on a metal surface, which comprises component A, to a process for forming said passivating layer, and to the use of the composition of the invention to passivate a metal surface.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus comprising at least a plasma processing chamber for plasma-processing an object; object-holding means for disposing the object in the plasma processing chamber; and plasma-generating means for generating a plasma in the plasma processing chamber. The inner wall of the plasma processing chamber is at least partially covered with an oxide film based on a pre-treating plasma. A plasma processing apparatus and a plasma processing method effectively prevent the spluttering and the etching of the inner wall of the plasma processing chamber while suppressing contamination to the object.

Abstract: A metal surface treatment method for a metal base material in order to improve the uniformity of a cathodic electrodeposition coating film, the method including: a surface treatment step for forming a chemical conversion film on a metal base material by contacting the metal base material with a metal surface treatment composition including zirconium and/or titanium ions and an adhesive imparting agent characterized in being at least one selected from the group consisting of (A) silicon-containing compound, (B) adhesive imparting metal ion, and (C) adhesive imparting resin; and a heating/drying step to heat and dry the metal base material, on which the chemical conversion film is formed, at 60° C. to 190° C. for at least 30 seconds.

Abstract: A metal substrate is embedded in a diffusion and penetration processing agent containing metal oxide, active metal and catalytic compound and heat treatment is carried out, so that an oxidation resistant alloy coating film containing the metal constituting the metal oxide and the active metal is produced. Al2O3, Cr2O3, SiO2 or the like are used as the metal oxide, Hf, Zr, Y, Ti, La, Ce, Mg, Ca or the like are used as the active metal, and NH4Cl, NH4F, HCl, NaCl, NaF or the like are used as the catalytic compound. The metal substrate is Ni, Ni-based alloy, Fe-based alloy, and Co-based alloy. Heat treatment is carried out, for example, at a temperature of 700˜1340° C. for 1 minute˜25 hours in an atmosphere of inert gas or hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A surface treatment method for solder joint employs alkali buffer solution dipping the solder joint and the alkali buffer solution reacts with the solder joint thus yielding a passive layer. As the resultant passive layer forms on the surface of the solder joint, thereby prevents further corrosion and dissolution during aqueous cleaning or water dipping thereafter. In addition, the passive layer ensures a good appearance with maximum protection of the solder joint and also provides a sound reliability and a high testability of a finished electronic product equipped with the solder joint.

Abstract: A carbon hardened surface is produced in a metal workpiece without forming carbide precipitates by carburizing the workpiece at high temperature carburization conditions, rapidly quenching the workpiece, and then carburizing the workpiece under low temperature carburization conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a prestressing strand that has higher strength and is more suitable for practical use than known prestressing strands, and a concrete construction using the prestressing strand. The prestressing strand that has higher strength and is more suitable for practical use than known prestressing strands has a seven-wire structure in which one core wire and six outer wires are stranded and can be made by adjusting the external diameter to 15.0 mm to 16.1 mm, the total cross-sectional area to 135 mm2 or more, and the load at 0.2% or 0.1% permanent elongation to 266 kN or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy and a surface treatment method for a magnesium alloy, which enable providing the surface of an aluminum alloy containing magnesium or the surface of a magnesium alloy with sufficient corrosion resistance to corrosive gases, while preventing the surface from scattering magnesium therefrom even when used in a vacuum at a temperature of not less than 300° C. In this method, a carbon fluoride compound is applied over the surface of the aluminum alloy containing magnesium or the surface of the magnesium alloy, followed by heating in an oxygen atmosphere, thereby forming a fluoride passivation film.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for generating nanostructures in order to obtain in an area on the surface of a metal piece (10) a nanostructured layer of defined thickness, characterized in that it comprises: a step for projecting onto an impact point in the area of the surface of the piece (10) to be treated, for a given duration, at a given speed and at variable incidences at the same impact point, a given quantity of perfectly spherical balls (22) of given dimensions, reused continuously during the projection; repetition of the preceding step with a shift of the impact point so that the impact points as a group cover the entire surface of the piece to be treated; a step for treatment by diffusion of chemical compounds into the nanostructured layer generated during the step for implementing the method for generating nanostructures.

Abstract: An article of manufacture and a method for providing an Fe—Cr ferritic steel article of manufacture having a surface layer modification for corrosion resistance. Fe—Cr ferritic steels can be modified to enhance their corrosion resistance to liquid coal ash and other chemical environments, which have chlorides or sulfates containing active species. The steel is modified to form an aluminide/silicide passivating layer to reduce such corrosion.

Abstract: Low temperature carburization of a workpiece surface is accomplished faster by impregnating the surface with a diffusion promoter prior to or during the low temperature carburization process.

Abstract: A corrosion-inhibiting composition for application to a metal substrate, such as aluminum or steel, and in connection with a paint, and the synthesis of the composition. The active inhibitor constituent of the composition can be selected from the group consisting of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4 thiadiazole (DMTD), 2,4-dimercapto-s-triazolo-[4,3-b]-1,3-4-thiadiazole, trithiocyanuric acid (TMT), and derivatives of DMTD and TMT, including various N— or S— and N, N—, S— and N—,S-substituted derivatives of DMTD, including salts of DMTD of the general formula: M(DMTD)n, where n=1,2 or 3, and M is a metal cation and preferably M=Zn(II), Bi(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Ag(I), Sb(III), Cu(II), Li(I), Ca(II), Sr(II), Mg(II), La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Al(III) or Zr(IV). DMTD, TMT, and their derivatives may also be combined with phosphates, molybdates, borates, silicates, tungstates, phosphotungstates, phosphomolybdates, cyanamides, carbonates, SiO2 and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for superfinishing a high density carbide steel component using chemically accelerated finishing is provided. The high density carbide steel component is vibrated in a vessel containing a plurality of media, with active chemistry being added to the vessel at a low flow rate. An active chemistry composition is also provided, consisting of one or more conversion coating agents having preferably a phosphate radical, and one or more chelating agents preferably including citric acid.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods for marking a spinal rod to aid medical personnel in placement of the spinal rod in a medical patient are disclosed. In certain embodiments, a spinal rod is anodized a first color. Next, a portion of the anodized color is removed from the spinal rod to form a marking. In other embodiments, the anodized spinal rod is anodized a second time to better differentiate the marking from the remainder of the spinal rod.

Abstract: A method to manufacture a steel die having a Physical Vapor Deposition wear resistant coating on a profile surface and a steel die formed thereby is disclosed. The steel die is subjected to quenching and tempering to achieve a Rockwell hardness in the range of about 40-45 Rc and then subjected to machining to form a profile surface. The surface is then subjected to Physical Vapor Deposition of a wear resistant coating that may be multiple layers of CrN, AlCrN, TiCrN, TiN, TiCN or TiAlN, and preferably is alternating layers of TiN—TiCN—TiN. The coating is applied at a sufficient thickness to impart wear resistance to the steel die. The steel dies are useful in sheet metal stamping operations.

Abstract: Provided is a chromium-free surface treatment method which imparts practical rust inhibitive performance to a metal product having a zinc surface to which it was difficult to impart rust inhibitive performance of practical level. A conversion-coated film of zinc phosphate etc. is formed on the zinc surface of the metal product as pretreatment, and the silica-based film is formed by applying a chromium-free surface treatment agent which uses alcohol or mixture of water and alcohol as a solvent to the conversion-coated film. As a result, when an aqueous surface treatment agent containing alcohol is applied, it is possible to suppress the formation of white rusting for 72 hours or longer in the salt spray test.

Abstract: The present invention provides for titanium oxide-based photocatalysts having a general formula of TiO2-X-?CXN? and self-cleaning materials that are prepared by substituting O of pure TiO2 with C and N. A preparation method comprising a process for forming thin films of TiO2-X-?CXN? by using gases such as Ar, N2, CO2, CO and O are used for reactive sputtering, and a process of heat treating at around 500° C., thereby crystallizing, is provided. The titanium oxide-based photocatalysts having a general formula of TiO2-X-?CXN? and self-cleaning materials according to the present invention have a smaller optical bandgap compared to pure titanium oxides, and therefore, the photocatalysts can be activated under the visible light range. In addition, they comprise only pure anatase crystallization phase, and since the crystallized particles are small in size, the efficiency and self-cleaning effect of the photocatalysts are very high.

Abstract: A method and system for coating the internal surfaces of a workpiece is presented. A bias voltage is connected to a workpiece, which functions as a cathode. A gas source and a vacuum source are coupled to each opening through a flow control system. The flow control system is capable of a first mode which enables a first opening to function as a gas inlet and a second opening to function as a vacuum exhaust. The flow control system also has a second mode which enables a first opening to function as a vacuum exhaust and a second opening to function as a gas inlet. The cycling may also be used to coat internal surfaces of a workpiece with a single opening. Cycling the flow control system between the first mode and second mode is performed until a uniform coating along the internal surfaces of the workpiece is achieved.

Abstract: A method for producing a substrate having a carbon-doped titanium oxide layer, which is excellent in durability (high hardness, scratch resistance, wear resistance, chemical resistance, heat resistance) and functions as a visible light responding photocatalyst, is provided. The surface of a substrate, which has at least a surface layer comprising titanium, a titanium alloy, a titanium alloy oxide, or titanium oxide, is heat-treated in a combustion gas atmosphere of a gas consisting essentially of a hydrocarbon, or in a gas atmosphere consisting essentially of a hydrocarbon, such that the surface temperature of the substrate is 900 to 1,500° C.; or a combustion flame of a gas consisting essentially of a hydrocarbon, is directly struck against the surface of the substrate for heat treatment such that the surface temperature of the substrate is 900 to 1,500° C., thereby forming a carbon-doped titanium oxide layer, whereby the substrate having the carbon-doped titanium oxide layer is obtained.

Abstract: A method and system for passivating a processing chamber is provided, whereby the processing chamber is exposed to one or more cycles of citric acid, or nitric acid. The processing chamber is fabricated, for example, from stainless steel. Each cycle may be performed at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, or a temperature greater than 20 degrees centigrade, or both.

Abstract: A method of controlling macroscopic strain of a porous structure includes contacting a porous structure with a modifying agent which chemically adsorbs to a surface of the porous structure and modifies an existing surface stress of the porous structure. A device in one embodiment includes a porous metal structure, which when contacted with a modifying agent which chemically adsorbs to a surface of the porous metal structure, exhibits a volumetric change due to modification of an existing surface stress of the porous metal structure; and a mechanism for detecting the volumetric change. Additional methods and systems are also presented.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a chemical conversion treating agent containing no chromium and exhibiting high corrosion resistance and excellent stability. A chemical conversion treating agent comprising: zirconium; fluorine; (A) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of amino group-containing silane coupling agents, their hydrolyzed products, and their polymers; and (B) an amino group-containing water-borne phenol compound; wherein the content of zirconium in the chemical conversion treating agent is 25 to 2000 ppm on the metal equivalent basis, and the mole ratio of the contents of fluorine and zirconium satisfies the following relation: 3?F/Zr?6.

Abstract: Surface-modified metal fuels, which improve the stability in storage of pyrotechnics and methods for manufacturing such fuels, are provided. Improved storage stability is conferred either by alloying the precursor metal prior to the powder production process, or by forming an enhanced stability coating on the surface of the metal powders during the powder production process.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for protecting metal from oxidation during metal forming operations. A salt is deposited onto at least a portion of a surface of the metal. The salt is heated in a protective environment until the salt melts on the metal to form a coated metal. The protective environment may then be removed and the coated metal may be exposed to an active environment. The coated metal may then be formed using standard metal forming processes. In alternative embodiments salts are selected for particular melting and vaporizing temperatures. An automated apparatus for coating a metal object with a salt may be provided. An applicator is configured to deposit the salt onto a surface of the metal object to form a salted metal object. A furnace is configured to receive the salted metal object and to melt at least a portion of the salt on the surface of the salted metal object.

Abstract: A coated steel sheet that has excellent bending workability, press formability, film adhesiveness after processing, solvent resistance, chemical resistance, stain resistance, weather resistance, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance, good surface appearance, and sufficient film hardness is provided. The coated steel sheet is produced by successively forming a galvanized layer and a chemical conversion coating free from chromium on both faces of a steel sheet, and forming a monolayer film on the chemical conversion coating at one face of the steel sheet. The monolayer film contains a polyester resin cured with a cross-linker and resin particles. The resin particles have an average particle size in the range of 3 to 40 ?m, a glass transition temperature in the range of 70° C. to 200° C., and hardness higher than that of the polyester resin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat-insulating protective layer for a component located within the hot gas zone of a gas turbine. Said protective layer is composed of an adhesive layer, a diffusion layer, and a ceramic layer which is applied to the high temperature-resistant basic metal of the component. The adhesive layer comprises a metal alloy [MCrAlY (M=Ni, Co)] containing Ni, Co, Cr, Al, Y, the diffusion layer is produced by calorizing the adhesive layer, and the ceramic layer is composed of ZrO2 which is partially stabilized by means of yttrium oxide. One or several chemical metal elements that have a large atomic diameter and are selected among the group comprising Re, W, Si, Hf, and/or Ta are alloyed to the material of the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer has the following chemical composition after being applied: Co 15 to 30 percent, Cr 15 to 25 percent, Al 6 to 13 percent, Y 0.2 to 0.

Abstract: A method of treating a transmissive body of zinc sulfide or zinc selenide includes placing a non-platinum metal layer, such as a layer of cobalt, silver, or iron on a surface of the transmissive body, and improving the optical properties of the transmissive body by subjecting the body and the layer to an elevated temperature and elevated pressure. The zinc sulfide or zinc selenide may be chemical vapor deposited material. The non-platinum metal of the layer may be such that a Gibbs free energy of formation of a most stable sulfide (or selenide) of the non-platinum metal is more negative than a Gibbs free energy of formation of a most stable zinc sulfide (or zinc selenide) configuration that is thermodynamically capable of reacting with the non-platinum metal. With this condition the non-platinum metal preferentially chemically bonds with free sulfur (or free selenium) in preference to zinc sulfide (or zinc selenium).

Abstract: A capacitor electrode forming method includes chemisorbing a layer of at least one metal precursor at least one monolayer thick on a substrate, the layer including non-metal components from the precursor. The chemisorbed layer can be treated with an oxidant and the non-metal components removed to form a treated layer of metal. A capacitor electrode can be formed including the treated layer and, optionally, additional treated layers. Preferably, treating the layer does not substantially oxidize the metal and the treated layers exhibit the property of inhibiting oxygen diffusion. The chemisorbing and the treating can be performed at a temperature below about 450° C. or preferably below about 350° C.

Abstract: A system for treating metallic articles in an atmospheric furnace while injecting at least one fluid material within the furnace and/or in a catalyst bed connected to the furnace.

Abstract: The present invention provides hot dip galvanized high strength steel sheet excellent in plating adhesion and hole expandability and a method of production of the same, that is, hot dip galvanization steel sheet excellent in plating adhesion and hole expandability containing, by mass %, C: 0.08 to 0.35%, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 0.8 to 3.5%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.03% or less, Al: 0.25 to 1.8%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.35%, and N: 0.010% or less and having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, said hot dip galvanized high strength steel characterized in that the steel sheet has a metal structure having ferrite, bainite, by area percent, 0.5% to 10% of tempered martensite, and, by volume percent, 5% or more of residual austenite, and a method of production comprising annealing by a continuous annealing process at 680 to 930° C. in temperature, then cooling to the martensite transformation point or less, then hot dip galvanizing the steel during which heating the steel to 250 to 600° C., then hot dip galvanizing it.

Abstract: Method for applying a phosphate coating on an iron or steel part, and corresponding iron or steel part. The method according to the invention consists in a first coating step with a first phosphating, through which a first crystalline layer of iron and manganese phosphates is obtained, an intermediate step of partial pickling of said first crystalline layer of phosphates, leaving the base metal partially uncovered, and a second coating step comprising a second phosphating through which a second crystalline layer of iron and manganese phosphates is obtained, covering the partially pickled first layer of phosphates and the base metal. The method provides a coating with a lower thickness, a finer crystallisation and a lower rugosity Rk than the one that can be obtained by a simple phosphating.

Abstract: Group IV semiconductor nanoparticles that have been stably passivated with an organic passivation, layer, methods for producing the same, and compositions utilizing stably passivated. Group IV semiconductor nanoparticles are described. In some embodiments, the stably passivated Group IV semiconductor nanoparticles are luminescent Group IV semiconductor nanoparticles with high photoluminescent quantum yields. The stably passivated Group IV semiconductor nanoparticles can be used in compositions useful in a variety of optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: Lubricated surfaces and methods for improving wear performance of gears and bearings are described. The lubricated surfaces include a manganese phosphate film on the surfaces having a film layer density ranging from about 0.1 to about 0.5 milligrams per square centimeter. A lubricating oil containing a phosphorus anti-wear agent is used to provide lubrication of the surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a rare earth magnet having sufficiently excellent anticorrosion property. The rare earth magnet 1 according to the present invention to solve the above problems includes a magnet body 10 containing rare earth elements, a substantial amorphous layer 20 formed on a surface of the magnet body 10, and a protecting layer 30 on a surface of the amorphous layer 20, and the amorphous layer 20 contains material identical to main component elements of magnet material contained in the magnet body 10.

Abstract: A modifier for hydrophilicity and a hydrophilic modification method capable of suppressing not only the odor of the resulting hydrophilic coat itself, but also the unpleasant odor emanation after exposure to odorants and retaining the hydrophilicity even during a long period of use. The modifier for hydrophilicity includes a modified polyvinyl alcohol containing a group represented by formula (I) on a side chain thereof. In the formula, n represents an integer of 1 to 500, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. The group represented by formula (I) accounts for 0.1 to 10 mole percent of the sum of hydroxyl groups and acetoxy groups in the modified polyvinyl alcohol, and the modified polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 0.

Abstract: Metallic surfaces are coated with an aqueous, acidic phosphate solution containing 10 to 60 g/l zinc, 0.5 to 40 g/l manganese, 50 to 300 g/l phosphate ions calculated as P2O5, and optionally other components.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a mechanical method for generating nanostructures in order to obtain on a surface of a metal piece a nanostructured layer of defined thickness. A quantity of perfectly spherical balls (22) are disposed in a chamber that is closed for the size of the balls. At least one of the walls of the chamber supports or constitutes the piece to be treated (10). A vibrating motion is imparted to the chamber in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the circular motion of the chamber supporting or constituting the piece to be treated. The speed of the circular motion and the frequency and amplitude of the vibrating motion is determined based on the physical properties of the balls so as to communicate to the latter sufficient kinetic energy to create nanostructures on the material of the piece treated by impaction of the balloon surface of the piece.

Abstract: A capacitor electrode forming method includes chemisorbing a layer of at least one metal precursor at least one monolayer thick on a substrate, the layer including non-metal components from the precursor. The chemisorbed layer can be treated with an oxidant and the non-metal components removed to form a treated layer of metal. A capacitor electrode can be formed including the treated layer and, optionally, additional treated layers. Preferably, treating the layer does not substantially oxidize the metal and the treated layers exhibit the property of inhibiting oxygen diffusion. The chemisorbing and the treating can be performed at a temperature below about 450° C. or preferably below about 350° C.

Abstract: A metal separator for fuel cells and a production method for the separator balances high corrosion resistance and high performance of electric generation due to low contact resistance. In the metal separator for fuel cells, a passivation film is formed on the surface thereof and x (M?·cm2) calculated by an equation: (VH?VL)/(B?A) is in a range of 0.0026?x?0.04, wherein in a sulfuric acid solution at 90° C. and pH 3, VH (V) is the highest voltage; VL (V) is the lowest voltage; A (?A/cm2) is corrosion current density in power generation at the lowest voltage VL; and B (?A/cm2) is corrosion current density in power generation at the highest voltage VH.

Abstract: The inventive aqueous pickling agent on the basis of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and hydrogen fluoride for stainless steels, which pickling agent is free of wetting and emulsifying agents, contains (each as 100 wt-% substance) 1.5 to 16 wt-% sulfuric acid or 2.0 to 30 wt-% phosphoric acid as well as 0.5 to 14 wt-% hydrogen fluoride and 0.5 to 15.5 wt-% acid-soluble aromatic nitro compound. An iron(III) compound is not supplied to said pickling agent. Merely in the starting phase, an oxidizing agent can be supplied, which oxidizes iron(II) to form iron(III). As acid-soluble aromatic nitro compound m-nitrobenzene sulfonate and/or 3-nitrophthalate are particularly advantageous. The inventive pickling agent can be used as bath pickle and —when adding 2.5 to 5.5 wt-% magnesium and/or magnesium compound (calculated as Mg)—also as spraying pickle or brush pickle.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for coating nanoelectrospray emitters. The method involves providing a nanoelectrospray emitter body and evaporating an electrically conductive material under conditions effective to form a thin layer of the electrically conductive material onto the nanoelectrospray emitter body.

Abstract: A method of treating a metal surface by application of a solution containing at least one acyloxy silane and at least one basic compound. A composition having at least one acyloxy silane and at least one basic compound is also provided, along with a silane coated metal surface.

Abstract: A method for treating the surface of a stainless steel product for a fuel cell containing, in wt %, 0.15% or less of C, 17 to 36% of Cr, 0.005 to 3.5% of B, which comprises the first step of forming in advance a passive film with an oxidizing acid on the surface of the stainless steel product, the second step of allowing an aqueous acid solution to corrode the passive film, to thereby project one or more of a M23C6 type carbide, a M23(C, B)6 type borocarbide and M2B type boride, which are inclusions having good electroconductivity, the third step of forming a passive coating film with an oxidizing acid on the surface of the steel product except that of the inclusion above projected, and the fourth step of washing with water and drying.

Abstract: A surface treatment method for increasing adhesion of a surface of copper foil to an insulating epoxy-impregnated substrate used in printed circuit boards is provided. The method includes nodularizing a surface of an electrolytic copper foil, surface-treating the surface of the nodularized electrolytic copper foil by Zn—As alloy electrodeposition to form a Zn—As composite layer thereon, and coating the surface of the surface-treated electrolytic copper foil with a silane coupling agent mixture, whose compounding ratio of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane with respect to vinyltriethoxysilane is between 6:4 and 9:1. This method is very effective to prevent discoloration of copper foil caused by oxidation and the like.

Abstract: Oxidation protection of a titanium-based alloy is provided with improved fatigue properties by a titanium aluminide coating of between 2 to 12 microns by diffusing the Al into the Ti at a temperature below the melting point of the Al. The coating is gas deposited and protects the titanium-based alloys from oxidation at high temperature utilization.

Abstract: (a) The metal matrix composite is suitable for the manufacture of flat or shaped titanium aluminide, zirconium aluminide, or niobium aluminide articles and layered metal composites having improved mechanical properties such as lightweight plates and sheets for aircraft and automotive applications, thin cross-section vanes and airfoils, heat-sinking lightweight electronic substrates, bulletproof structures for vests, partition walls and doors, as well as sporting goods such as helmets, golf clubs, sole plates, crown plates, etc. The composite material consists of a metal (e.g., Ti, Zr, or Nb-based alloy) matrix at least partially intercalated with a three-dimensional skeletal metal aluminide structure, whereby ductility of the matrix metal is higher than that of the metal aluminide skeleton. The method for manufacturing includes the following steps: (a) providing an aluminum skeleton structure having open porosity of 50-95 vol.

Abstract: A guide wire includes a distal end side portion formed of a first metallic material, a proximal end side portion formed of a second metallic material higher in rigidity than the first metallic material, and an intermediate portion provided between the distal end side portion and the proximal end side portion and formed of a mixture of the first metallic material and the second metallic material. The intermediate portion includes a gradient physical property portion in which the content of the second metallic material increases from the distal end side toward the proximal end side.

Abstract: This relates to an improvement to the process of aluminization or activated cementation in which a donor cement containing the aluminium is attacked at high temperature and in a neutral or reducing atmosphere by a gaseous ammonium halide to form a gaseous aluminium halide which decomposes on contact with a nickel-based substrate depositing aluminium metal thereon.

Abstract: The invention provides a titanium composite material comprising a bonded laminate having a layer of macromolecular material bonded to the modified surface of a titanium sheet or a titanium alloy sheet, and a process for preparing a titanium composite material, the process comprising the step of bonding a macromolecular material to a titanium sheet or a titanium alloy sheet having a modified surface to be bonded.