Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for improving the anodic life of an electrode in an electrodialysis stack which electrode comprises at least in part an area which is anodic during at least part of the duty time of said stack, which stack also comprises an electrode compartment (chamber, cell, space) containing said electrode, a counter-electrode in a counter-electrode compartment and interior compartments between said electrode compartment and said counter-electrode compartment, which method and apparatus comprises:(a) introducing into said electrode compartment (and means therefor) a solution capable of forming a film on said area which is anodic during at least part of the operating time of said stack, which film is characterized by being electronically conducting and substantially refractory anodically, and(b) causing a film derived at least in part from said solution to be formed on said area which is anodic during at least part of the duty time of said stack (and means therefor) said film characterize

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electrochemical rifling of gun barrels and the like is disclosed. In one embodiment of the apparatus, an elongate pressure chamber for receiving electrolyte fluid under pressure is mounted in alignment with an anode gun barrel and in fluid communication therewith. A cathode rod rifling assembly is mounted in the pressure chamber in axial alignment with the gun barrel. Drive means simultaneously rotates the rifling assembly and moves it relative to the barrel for passage of the rifling assembly through the barrel along with the electrolyte fluid. In another embodiment, the rifling asembly comprises first and second adjacent segments joined on a plane. Each segment has peripheral, radially outwardly extending, circumferentially spaced strips of insulation which are out of alignment with, and overlap, one another along the plane. The overlapped regions define the width of the unetched portions or lands on the barrel.

Abstract: The invention is an electrochemical article suitable for use in monopolar or bipolar electrochemical cells comprising:an organic, planar plastic member having a plurality of horizontally and vertically spaced-apart shoulders protruding outwardly from opposing generally coplanar surfaces of said planar plastic member;at least one electrically conductive insert extending from an exterior face of a shoulder on a first surface of the planar plastic member, through the planar plastic member, to an exterior face of a shoulder on a second surface of the planar plastic member, wherein each of said shoulders annularly encircles and supports each of said inserts;an electrically conductive, substantially completely hydraulically impermeable protective liner resistant to the corrosive effects of electrolyte matingly contacted with the first surface of said planar plastic member and adapted to minimize contact between the electrolyte and said planar plastic member within the cell; andan electrical connection means electri

Abstract: An anode assembly for plating contact areas within socket terminals is comprised of a conductive body member having an anode means extending forwardly from a body section, and a dielectric shroud having a profiled passageway extending axially therethrough, the dielectric shroud being removable mounted to said body section that said shroud extends coaxially around said anode means. The profiled passageway of the shroud includes a terminal receiving section which is disposed around the anode means, extends forwardly thereof, and has an inner diameter selected to be just greater than the outside diameter of a terminal to be plated. The terminal receiving section further includes lead-in means whereby a terminal members is relatively received into the terminal receiving section and locatable concentrically about the anode member.

Abstract: A cathode for use in the electrolytic refining of copper which comprises a carrying bar and a flat starting plate, which is secured to the carrying bar and made of special steel and provided with electrically insulating edge strips at least at its vertical longitudinal edges, which are formed in their edge faces with a groove, which contains an edge strip, that is made of a natural or synthetic polymer and fits into said groove and protrudes from the edge throughout its length. To prevent a deposition of metal in the critical region, the insulating edge strip which has been fitted into the dovetail groove has been formed by a longitudinal folding of a polymer film and contains at its fold line a wire of special steel, and the side portions of said film are coextensive and lie one over the other and are liquid-tightly joined to each other. The invention relates also to a process of manufacturing the cathode.

Abstract: The invention is a method for making an electrolytic unit havinga substantially planar, plastic, plastic member;a plurality of horizontally and vertically spaced apart shoulders on each side of the plastic member projecting outwardly therefrom and annularly encircling and supporting a plurality of electrically conductive inserts which extend from an exterior face of a shoulder on one surface of the plastic member, through the plastic member, to an exterior face of a shoulder on an opposite surface of the plastic member; anda frame structure composed of at least one piece and having an internal surface which sealably receives the external peripheral edges of the plastic member;said method comprising:attaching in any order:(a) a plurality of horizontally and vertically spaced apart shoulders to the plastic member;(b) at least one portion of the frame structure to the peripheral edges of the plastic member; and(c) a plurality of cover pieces to at least a portion of the horizontally and vertically spaced apart s

Abstract: An improved electrochemical cell is described which comprises at least one electrode having increased signal strength achieved by treating at least the working surface of the electrode with a coating of a polytetrafluoroethylene and a catalyst metal selected from the group consisting of platinum and the oxides thereof in an aqueous oligosaccharide solution. Following coating, the electrode is heated to a temperature below the sintering temperature of the polymer to thermally convert the oligosaccharide in the presence of the catalyst metal and drive off the conversion products. An electrode thus treated exhibits a substantially inproved signal strength as compared to an electrode of the same construction which has not been treated in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: Photoactive pyrite layers, whose preparation and use represent a commercially highly interesting alternative to materials hitherto in common use. The semiconductor material chiefly used until now, e.g. for solar cells, is silicon. However, its costs of manufacture are too high to allow solar cells to be made at favorable cost. The significance of the disclosure and development of pyrite as a semiconductor material, especially for solar cells, lies in the fact that it is plentifully occurring and cheap, as well as environmentally compatible. Pyrite (iron pyrites, FeS.sub.2) can be used as a photoactive material in solar cells and in optoelectronic components. It is possible to use both naturally occurring pyrite, after a material treatment to improve the photosensitivity, as well as synthetically produced, single-crystal and polycrystalline pyrite.

Abstract: A torsionally installed anode for galvanic corrosion protection and a combination torsionally installed anode and earth penetrator is disclosed. The anode may be screwed (i.e., torsionally installed) into the earth (e.g., the seabed, the riverbed, or the ground) so as to constitute a sacrificial anode. The anode may serve the dual purpose of protecting an underwater metallic article (e.g., a pipeline or the like) from corrosion, and of supporting the metallic article above the seabed.

Abstract: Apparatus for use as an electrode, which is particularly suited for use in electro-plating non-continuous conductive objects, particularly double-sided circuit boards, is described. Specifically, this electrode comprises: a housing having a plurality of sides and an internal enclosed air chamber, wherein at least one of the sides is flexible and conductive and the remaining sides are rigid and non-conductive; a port extending through one of the sides and into the chamber for routing a compressed fluid into the chamber; and means for holding a printed circuit board against the electrode such that whenever sufficient fluid is routed into the chamber the flexible side forceably distends into abutting electrical contact with a surface of the printed circuit board.

Abstract: Metallic silver is deposited from a silver salt solution onto a support by reduction, and thus a catalytically active electrode material for oxygen-consuming electrodes is obtained. For this purpose,(a) an aqueous dispersion of a hydrophobic polymer, in particular a dispersion of PTFE,(b) a silver salt solution and(c) reducing agent for silver ionsare mixed. During this, a pH at which the dispersion employed is stable, and the silver salt is reduced, should be maintained.

Abstract: A new apparatus and methods are featured for electrostatically resolving emulsions. The apparatus comprises a flexible electrode carrying electrolytes, therein. Emulsions are resolved by passing current through the electrolyte at frequencies to or above 60 Hz.

Abstract: An elongated dimensionally stable flexible electrode (30) having a current carrying inner portion (31) in an outer protective and electrically conductive sheath (33) preferably formed of ruthenium dioxide. A layer of titanium cladding (33) may be provided on the inner current carrying portion (31) for carrying the outer sheath (33). The anode electrode is utilized for generating electrical current, such as for use in developing magnetic fields in salt water environments, preferably as an element of a sweep cable device having a floatation means around which one or more electrodes are helically wound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plating electrolytic nickel anode which is in the form of a sphere by directly and plastically deforming a plate-like electrolytic anode of high purity. This invention further relates to a method of producing a plating electrolytic nickel anode in which a plate-like electrolytic nickel anode is formed into a cylindrical body by upsetting and thereafter the thus formed cylindrical body is plastically deformed into a spherical body.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vertical type electrolytic cell partitioned by an ion exchange membrane into an anode compartment and a cathode compartment, the cathode compartment being divided by a non-perforated cathode plate into a cathode gas generation room and a cathode gas separation room. Also disclosed is an electrolytic process using the electrolytic cell wherein the catholyte is circulated between the two rooms as a result of a gas lift effect produced by the cathode gas.

Abstract: Described is a degradation-resistant electrode for an electrochemical reaction comprising an electrically conductive plastics complex material comprising 18 to 50 wt. percent of the polyolefin polymer, 1 to 25 wt. percent of the electrically conductive carbon black and 25 to 75 wt. percent of one or more of graphite, calcium carbonate, talcum, alumina, silica and titania.

Abstract: The disclosure is of an electrostatic electrode placed directly in a storage tank of a water system. Hitherto, the electrode has been placed in a water jacket which is connected into the pipework. Improved consistency of de-scaling performance is thereby achieved, and the cost of installation is much reduced. Also disclosed is a construction of electrode that is well suited to mounting without the protection of an enclosing jacket or pipe, the construction being based on the use of a screwed rod passing down the center of the electrode, and insulated from the mounting means.

Abstract: An EDM method and apparatus, utilizing a generic electrode, i.e. a tool electrode independent in shape of a desired cavity or contour to be machined in a workpiece, and utilizing a three-dimensional machining feed displacement, makes use of an assembly for maintaining the contamination of the machining liquid with machining products, e.g. chips and gases, at a certain enhanced level. The assembly includes a pad or block member disposed in the proximity of the workpiece with a small spacing therewith while surrounding the generic electrode to mechanically control or limit discharging of the machining products out of the EDM gap, thereby enabling a stabilized production of machining electrical discharges across the EDM gap maintained substantially constant.

Abstract: Sponge titanium powder is compacted, advantageously by roll compaction to a density in the range of about 60% to 80% of the density of solid titanium metal, thereafter heat treated in vacuum at about 500.degree. C. to 750.degree. C., cooled in vacuum to 300.degree. C. and quenched to 100.degree. C. to provide a substrate for electrodes useful in electrolytic processes.

Abstract: A grinding wheel having a circumferential rim and a plurality of electrically conductive zones and non-grinding zones therebetween the rim. A method of using such a grindstone as disclosed. Further, certain alternative methods of making such a grindstone are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for depositing a salt by applying an electric current or voltage to at least one pair of electrodes placed in a supersaturated aqueous solution or supercooled molten liquid of an inorganic or organic salt, whereby the supersaturation or supercooling can be broken or prevented and the crystallization or solidification of the salt can be efficiently made. The process of the invention is advantageously utilized in an air-conditioning system.

Abstract: A cathodic protection system for protecting a metallic structure (16, 74) from corrosion caused by current flowing between the structure and surrounding environment includes a non-ionized metal anode (18) which exists in a liquid state at the particular pressure and temperature at its location in a hole (20) in the earth. The liquid anode (18) is composed of a metal having a specific gravity greater than 10 and a molecular weight greater than, or equal to, 100. In a preferred embodiment, it is mercury. The amount of liquid anode can be adjusted to regulate the density of electrical current emanating from the anode and the hole in which the anode is located includes a measuring system (46) for monitoring the quantity of liquid anode (18) in the earth hole.

Abstract: An anode element for use in a cathodic protection system comprises a tube 1 having a pointed front extremity 2 and a rear extremity 3 adapted to be acted upon by an impact force. The tube 1 is filled with a granular carbon-containing material 18 having a metal rod provided therein. Connected to the rod 4 is an electrical connecting cable 10 which, via a passage 14 provided in the wall of the tube 1, extends to the outside of the tube 1 through a pipe 13 provided on the outer wall of the tube 1, said pipe 13 having a diameter smaller than that of the tube and extending parallel to the center line of the tube 1 from the passage 14 to the rear extremity 3 of said tube.

Abstract: Methods of preventing corrosion in which current flows between the to-be-protected substrate and a distributed electrode whose electrochemically active surface is provided by an element which is composed of a conductive polymer and which is at least 500 microns thick. In one embodiment, the electrode is a flexible strip comprising a highly conductive core, e.g. of copper, and a conductive polymer element surrounding the core. In another embodiment, the electrode is a conductive polymer layer which conforms to the surface of the substrate but is separated from it by a layer of insulation.

Abstract: A plating cell for plating edge connector tabs of printed circuit boards comprises a pair of anode structures 119, each of which has a pair of elongate anodic platinized titanium plates 131 spaced apart by an anode divider 150. Castellations in the anode structures give rise to holes 132 through which electrolyte can flow. By means of this configuration of the anode structures an even deposit of plated metal may be obtained.

Abstract: A cell for producing a metal by electrolysis of an anhydrous metal halide in a bath of molten salts comprises an external jacket of substantially parallelipipedal shape, having cooling means, ports for the input and output of liquid and gaseous fluids and means for supplying electricity, the lower end of the jacket includes a receptacle zone to collect the metal produced; a plurality of stacked electrodes in the central portion of the cell, each stack comprising, in a vertical direction and in descending order, a current supply electrode, intermediate multipolar members and a current output electrode, defining regular interpolar spaces; and a gas collecting zone in the top portion. The cell is characterized in that the multipolar members are assembled in a vertical stack, and the interpolar spaces are substantially vertical. The cell is particularly well adapted for the production of aluminum by electrolysis of the corresponding chloride.

Abstract: An electrolysis apparatus decomposes water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The apparatus comprises a housing for the water to be decomposed, a plurality of symmetrically folded and edged unipolar electrodes for decomposing the water held in the housing, microporous membranes for separating each of the plurality of unipolar electrodes from one another, and an arrangement for wiring the plurality of unipolar electrodes in parallel. The apparatus also comprises separate outlets, collectors, and consumers for each gas. There is also a water supply, a water feed regulator, and a water inlet. A power source supplies electrical wattage to the parallel wiring arrangement. An electrolytic solution containing only about 2.2% or less KOH concentration by weight is used to help decompose the water. Invertible plates may be used either for diverting the free upward flow of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas laterally to separate gas outlets or for diverting the free downward fall of minerals laterally to a collection chamber.

Abstract: An improved electrode and method for electroerosion machining both of traveling-wire type wherein an elongate element having a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm is axially displaced to form a traveling-wire machining electrode therefrom. The traveling-wire machining electrode is juxtaposed with a workpiece across a machining gap flooded with a machining liquid issuing from a jet and a machining current from a source is passed between the electrode and the workpiece to electroerosively machine the latter. Gaseous bubbles formed by the electrical decomposition of the machining liquid tend to be adherent on the machining surface of the electrode and thus act as a thermal insulator between the electrode and the coolant machining liquid. The elongated element is formed with a rugged peripheral surface along a length thereof to facilitate the detachment of the gaseous bubbles from the machining surface of the electrode. Various ways of producing the rugged peripheral surface are described, e.g.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for brushing electrodes such as cathodes used in the electrowinning of zinc and copper wherein opposite surfaces of laterally moving electrodes are cleaned in the area of solution lines with a first pair of stationary, opposed, rotating auxiliary brushes and immediately thereafter the opposite surfaces of stationary electrodes are cleaned below the solution line and between edge sticks with a second pair of vertically moving, opposed, rotating main brushes. The main brushes are pivotally mounted on a pair of vertically-reciprocal carriages having means to center an electrode therebetween.

Abstract: Photoelectrochemical cells employing chalcogenophosphate (MPX.sub.3) photoelectrodes are disclosed, where M is selected from the group of transition metal series of elements beginning with scandium (atomic number 21) through germanium (atomic number 32) yttrium (atomic number 39) through antimony (atomic number 51) and lanthanum (atomic number 57) through polonium (atomic number 84); P is phosphorus; and X is selected from the chalogenide series consisting of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. These compounds have bandgaps in the desirable range of 2.0 eV to 2.2 eV for the photoelectrolysis of water and are stable when used as photoelectrodes for the same.

Abstract: Electrolytic probe adapted for use in a heat transfer system, to ground the positive electrolyte of the water in the heat transfer system, and thereby prevent lime formation, scaling, pitting and corrosion, without the use of chemicals heretofore required to do this. The probe is supported to extend along the flow of water by a teflon seal threaded on the outer end thereof, and threaded within a fitting, threaded in a fitting secured to the inlet for the flow of water to perform its heat transfer operation. The means on the seal accommodating it to be threaded in the fitting are cut off after assembly, to preserve the seal between the probe and fitting.

Abstract: Protection from corrosive effects of water in hot water tanks is provided by an electrochemically active noble metal type anode disposed in the hot water tank and supplied by a selected level of current passing from the anode through the water to the tank. The anode is configured in such manner as to cause the current to be distributed throughout the entire tank according to a selected profile and takes the form of a long thin element. One portion of the anode includes a layer of noble metal clad or plated onto an electrically conductive and, under anodic conditions, chemically inert layer of metal supported on a suitable electrically insulative member.

Abstract: A 3-dimensional electrode having substantially coplanar and substantially flat portions and ribbon-like curved portions, said curved portions being symmetrical and alternating in rows above and below said substantially coplanar, substantially flat portions, respectively, and a geometric configuration presenting in one sectional aspect the appearance of a series of ribbon-like oblate spheroids interrupted by said flat portions and in another sectional aspect, 90.degree. from said one aspect, the appearance of a square wave pattern.

Abstract: Chlor-alkali electrolytic membrane cells are provided with means for flowing catholyte from cell-to-cell sequentially, and means for flowing anolyte from cell-to-cell sequentially.

Abstract: An ion exchange membrane for an electrolysis is produced by forming a removable thin layer on a surface of a perforated electrode; forming a layer of a thermoplastic fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups or functional groups convertible to ion exchange groups on said removable thin layer; converting said layer of a thermoplastic fluorinated polymer into a liquid impermeable membrane; and removing said removable thin layer, and if necessary, converting said functional groups into ion exchange groups.

Abstract: A bipolar diaphragm electrolyzer particularly suitable for electrolysis of alkali metal halide aqueous solutions wherein the bipolar wall separating the electrode compartments is formed of at least two sheets made of different metals, suitable pressure being applied against the metal sheets to provide for electrical continuity across the bipolar wall, said pressure being exerted either by means of resilient elements which are compressed when the electrolyzer is closed or by maintaining the electrode compartments under a sufficient hydrostatic pressure during the electrolytic process.

Abstract: A roll for electroplating having low volume resistivity is provided which consists essentially of, in wt %, below 0.1% C, below 1.5% Si, below 1.5% Mn, 14% to 21% Cr, 13% to 20% Mo, below 6% Fe, and the balance substantially Ni. The roll may further contain one or more of the elements selected from the group consisting of below 0.5% Al, below 1.0% Ti, below 1.5% Nb, below 0.5% V, and below 3.0% W.

Abstract: Rigid dangler cathode assemblies for use in a conventional, rotatable electroplating barrel are disclosed which remain relatively stationary in position within the barrel as the barrel is rotated in an electrolyte solution in which it is immersed. Each of the assemblies includes an L-shaped rod having a vertically extending end portion which lies within a guideway of a hanger arm rotatably attached to the outer barrel end wall and a horizontally extending end portion which projects through a hub in the barrel end wall into the interior of the barrel. A disc-shaped weight is slippably mounted offcenter on the rod within the barrel, which weight has a center of gravity below the rod.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device comprising a pair of electrodes which are disposed with a specified space therebetween, at least one of the electrodes being transparent, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution filled in the space and comprised of a styryl-like compound and a supporting electrolyte dissolved in a solvent, the styryl-like compound being represented by the formula: ##STR1## in which Q represents a benzene ring with or without substituents and/or a condensed ring, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent a lower alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group or an alkoxyalkyl group, R.sub.

Abstract: A cathode for an electrolytic cell operated at elevated temperature, the cathode comprising a refractory hard metal (RHM) body embedded in a carbonaceous base. The cathode is provided with an intermediate layer of fibrous material between a side wall of a seat in the base and a wall segment of the RHM body. The layer preferably comprises low-density carbon felt, and the layer prevents breakage of the RHM body by providing a cushion against differential thermal expansion and contraction of the base and body, especially during cell start-up.

Abstract: Electrode, particularly an anode, for use in electrometallurgical cells in which the electrode is formed of two very thin sheets of titanium which are corrugated and arranged in a mirror image position, being spot welded where they touch each other and being spot welded to a titanium sheathed hanger bar. The electrode, which is particularly suitable as an anode, can be formed from very thin titanium and has enhanced stiffness resulting from the corrugations which strengthen the overall construction.

Abstract: An anode having an elongated body which may be extruded contains a bore extending at least partially through the body. The bore has an intermediate portion between the ends of the anode. A lead wire in the bore is fastened to a connector member having a self-tapping thread engageable at predetermined torque with the surface of the bore at the intermediate portion for cutting a thread in the bore upon relative rotation of the connector member and the body of anode material. A sealant is inserted in the bore after a thread is cut in the bore and surrounds the left in place connector member preventing moisture from reaching the connection to the anode at the intermediate portion.

Abstract: A cable guide for an impressed current tubular sacrificial anode is a cable conduit sized to enclose and hermetically seal an anode cable and a plurality of spacers removably mounted along the conduit at spaced locations and sized to fit in abutting relationship with the inside wall of an anode body. The cable guide is made from a corrosion resistant fluoropolymer plastic or similar material such as low density polyethylene. The cable guide prevents rebbing, wearing, or other types of abrasive damage that can be sustained by the insulation of the anode cable from the rough end of a partially oxidized tubular anode and protects the cable insulation from corrosive electrolyte solutions.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for protecting electrodes of an electrolytic cell from thermal shock when the temperature of the cell is raised from room temperature to an elevated operating temperature. For aluminum electrolysis at about 950.degree. C., a cavity in each cathode is filled with a metal plug, preferably a solid plug of 33.2% Cu--Al alloy. A portion of each cathode protruding into a chamber of the cell is provided with a sleeve of insulating material, preferably expanded fibrous kaolin. A heat dispersing means encircles each cathode radially outwardly thereof. A preferred form of the heat dispersing means is a stainless steel jacket located externally of the insulating material sleeve. After the cell is heated, the chamber is filled with a bath, and electrolysis is established.

Abstract: A gas diffusion semiconductor electrode and solar cell and a process for gaseous fixation, such as nitrogen photoreduction, CO.sub.2 photoreduction and fuel gas photo-oxidation. The gas diffusion photosensitive electrode has a central electrolyte-porous matrix with an activated semiconductor material on one side adapted to be in contact with an electrolyte and a hydrophobic gas diffusion region on the opposite side adapted to be in contact with a supply of molecular gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic cell having an anode unit, a cathode unit substantially parallel to and spaced from the anode unit with individual cathodic elements therein, and a permionic membrane interposed between the cathodic unit and the anodic unit. The individual cathodic elements are elongate elements substantially perpendicular to the anode unit. Also disclosed is an electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of cathode units electrically in parallel, a plurality of anode units electrically in parallel and interleaved between the cathode units so that a cathode unit is interleaved between a pair of adjacent anode units and an anode unit is interleaved between a pair of adjacent cathode units. The electrolytic cell also has a plurality of permionic membranes, each permionic membrane interposed between a cathode unit and an anode unit.

Abstract: A method of connecting an electrical lead to an electrode is provided wherein the connection is mechanically tight and is protected from chemical attack. The electrical lead and a slug of electrically conductive material are compressed within a hole in the electrode to provide a tight mechanical connection. Insulating material is added to fill the remainder of the hole and a second insulating material is installed over the area of the connection to protect the area from chemical attack.

Abstract: An improved cathode element for use in a metal, e.g., aluminum reduction cell, said cathode element comprising an elongated hollow body, the lower end of which is affixed to or imbedded in the floor of the cell, the upper end of which terminates proximate the anode said upper end provided with a cap element formed of an electrically conductive material said cap element being in electrically conductive communication with a body of molten metal confined within the hollow body.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for electrolysis of sea water comprisinga housing having an opening at the bottom and top of the housing for in-flow of sea water and out-flow of electrolyzed sea water, respectively;a plurality of flat plate-like anodes vertically disposed in the housing with the major surface area of the anodes being parallel to the flow of sea water through the cell;a plurality of flat plate-like cathodes vertically disposed in the housing with the major surface area of the cathodes being parallel to the flow of sea water through the cell;an outwardly projecting portion for passing an electric current provided at the lower side edge of each of the anodes;an outwardly projecting portion for passing an electric current provided at the upper side edge of each of the cathodes;an electric current-passing plate secured to the lower portion of the housing and connected to the portions for passing an electric current to each of the anodes; andan electric current-passing plate secured to the upper portion of th

Abstract: A sleeve or collar for protecting the iron pin of an anode connecting rod set in the carbon anode block used in the electrolytic production of aluminum is made out of aluminum or aluminum alloy sheet. Parts of at least two facing sides of the rectangular or square shaped sleeve project inwards in such a manner that they clamp onto the iron anode pin.