Abstract: In a method and apparatus for drying damp basements by electroosmosis, the inner surface of the basement walls are coated with a plaster or multi-layered coating of an electrically conductive non-metallic composition, which forms an electrode to which positive voltage is fed by a number of grounds arranged around the walls of the basement and embedded in the earth. These second electrodes are fed a negative voltage from the D.C. power supply, while their number is determined by a particular current density measured at the interface of the walls and the positive electrode and the building-directed face of the negative electrodes.

Abstract: Method for treating metal containing waste water employing a vessel containing the waste water in which there is provided at least one anode and a cathode comprised of a plurality of electrically conductive elements and in which the waste water is subjected to electrolysis during which the cathode elements are being moved. The cathode elements are provided in the form of rods which are arranged in the vessel by means of at least two holding devices so that the rods extend parallel to one another and can be moved in the holding devices relative to one another. The holding devices are moved during the electrolysis process so that the rods strike one another again and again at spaced intervals. An apparatus is provided for practicing the method.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkali metal hypochlorite which comprises electrolyzing an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chloride in an electrolytic cell including a plurality of unit cells, each equipped with at least one anode and at least one cathode, in which the unit cells are arranged in series via partitioning plates, wherein hydrogen gas generated at the cathode in each unit cell is passed out of each unit cell such that the hydrogen gas does not contact the cathode portion that takes part in electrolysis in the next adjacent unit cell and an electrolytic cell therefor.

Abstract: An improved hollow bipolar electrode unit for use in an electrolytic cell is disclosed, comprising at least one connecting device within the hollow region of the electrode unit to provide mechanical support and electrical communication between the anode and cathode of such bipolar electrode.

Abstract: Describes an electrochemical process operated at relatively low cathodic current density and high anodic current density, particularly for electrowinning and electrorefining processes using dimensionally stable metal anodes with reduced anodic electrocatalytic surfaces to allow full exploitation of the advantages of insoluble metal anodes, such as lower overvoltages, high current density capability, and purer deposits, together with an economical employment of expensive anode materials. Cathodic/anodic current densityratios down to 1/20 are used without materially decreasing overall process efficiency or product's morphology. Choice of geometric parameters, practical aspects, typical embodiments and examples are disclosed.

Abstract: A cathode for an electro-chemical apparatus, such as an electroplating barrel, is provided with a contactor removably attached to the end of the electrical conductor cable in order to be discarded and readily replaced by another contactor after the plating material "builds-up" on the contactor to a condition where the plating inhibits electrical conductivity. The combination of a cathode and a length of insulated electrical conductor cable extending into the electroplating barrel is referred to in the art as a dangler. The subject dangler assembly comprises an insulated conductor cable having one end stripped of insulation.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for use in various electrolytic treatments such as the sterilization of sea water includes a plurality of monopolar bar type electrodes, and an electrolytic solution filled in clearances between the electrodes. At least one group of electrodes disposed in the electrolytic cell is arranged so that one electrode is located at the center of an equilateral hexagon and the other electrodes are located at apexes of the hexagon.

Abstract: Sacrificial tubular anode structures having a generally centrally located connection. This design gives a uniform metal consumption pattern, thus protecting the electrical connection from premature failure, preventing anode separation due to concentrated metal consumption, and reducing the tendency for gas blocking.

Abstract: A diaphragm cell for use in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride. The cell is provided with a chamber divided by a diaphragm into an anode compartment having at least one anode therein and a cathode compartment having at least one cathode therein. The cathode has a catalytic surface different from the active surface of the anode. The cathode surface is made of a material which catalyses the decomposition of hypochlorite ions.

Abstract: The proposed electrolyzer comprises at least two electrodes having current-distribution supports, whereupon there are mounted electrode members. In said electrolyzer, at least one of the electrodes comprises at least two units having current-distribution supports, whereupon there are mounted electrode members which are joined together along the side edges of their current-distribution supports, the interconnected current-distribution supports of the units making up the current-distribution support of the electrode.

Abstract: An assembly of electrodes suitably for use in electrochemical processes, comprising a plurality of elongated conductive elements as electrodes arranged substantially in parallel in a vertical plane and spaced apart from each other. At least one elongated non-conductive element is interposed between every two adjacent conductive elements. Preferably, both the conductive and non-conductive elements are flexible and the assembly comprises a base fabric of non-conductive material and a plurality of conductive elements incorporated in said base fabric.

Abstract: An anode configuration, anode basket and method of packaging anodes within the basket.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for forming a plurality of airfoils or other articles includes a plurality of pairs of electrodes which are utilized in the electrolytic removal of material from opposite sides of a workpiece at a plurality of spaced apart locations to form side surfaces of a plurality of airfoils. The electrodes are constructed so that a group of airfoils is formed along each of a pair of opposite minor sides of a workpiece. In one specific instance, a plate having the configuration of a rectangle is utilized. This plate may have a size such that only one end portion of the plate will fit in a working chamber at a time. After a plurality of airfoils have been formed in one end portion of the plate, the plate is withdrawn from the working chamber and the opposite end portion of the plate inserted into the working chamber. In another specific instance, the workpiece included a support frame in which a plurality of partially formed airfoils are mounted.

Abstract: Synchronous plating techniques for reducing adjacent bit disturb charactetics or interactions in a magnetic memory wire include the step of sinusoidally and smoothly depositing the magnetic layer on the outer surface of the wire so as to increase the effective magnetic path length between adjacent bits. The resultant wire has changing cross-sectional dimensions corresponding to the varying sinusoidal configuration of the wire.This invention concerns a film-plated memory wire of improved characteristics and the method of making the same. The term "memory wire" is used to designate a magnetic recording and reproducing element for recording or reproducing magnetic signals by magnetic flat interlinkage with a magnetic transducer head during relative motion of the wire and head.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrode for use in an electrochemical reactor. The electrode comprising a plurality of carbon fibers in close proximity to one another, each of the fibers being in electrical contact with at least several of the other carbon fibers for transmitting an electrical potential substantially throughout the electrode when the electrode is in use in the reactor.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrode for use in an electrochemical reactor. The electrode comprising a plurality of metallic filaments consisting of carbon fibers coated with a metal, each of the metallic filaments being in electrical contact with at least several of the other metallic filaments for transmitting an electrical potential substantially throughout the electrode when the electrode is in use in the reactor.

Abstract: The invention concerns an improved method of interconnecting carbon blocks intended for the construction of cathodes in cells for electrolysis of aluminum and the steel bars which connect these blocks to the source of current. The method comprises forming the current supplying bars in two portions or half-bars which are housed in channels provided in the carbon blocks, the half-bars being rigidly connected to the blocks by bedding with cast iron or steel. One or more anchoring points provided near the end of the blocks holds the half-bars in position, while the ends of the bars near the middle of the blocks can expand freely in zones left for the purpose.

Abstract: In order to machine a multidimensionally curved surface on a workpiece using an electro-erosion, i.e. spark erosion or electro-chemical erosion, machine tool, the machine tool is provided with a tool electrode which has an effective machining face inclined to the direction in which the advance feed drive of the machine tool advances the tool electrode towards the workpiece. By using transverse feeding mechanisms for the tool electrode or the workpiece acting under the control of a computer, or by using a cam and guide arrangement coupled to the tool electrode, the tool electrode and workpiece are so relatively moved that the effective machining face of the electrode always moves in the direction of the momentary largest radius curvature of the curve to be machined. When a cam and guide arrangement is used, the tool electrode can be coupled to the advance feed drive by way of a coupling device which incorporates a universal joint, or a domed surface sliding joint.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell is divided into two compartments by an electrolyte separator. Each compartment contains an electrode which has a surface adjacent the separator. These surfaces each comprise at least one ridge and at least one groove. A ridge of one electrode is opposite a groove of the other electrode and extends at least partially within the groove, thereby retaining the electrolyte separator partially within the groove. Each ridge has a crown portion which is positioned nearest the separator. The crown portions may be tapered and may comprise a nonconductive insulating material.

Abstract: An underground electrode adapted for ground conduction of electric current in an environment of saline and oleaginous fluids and under high hydrostatic pressure comprises a hollow tubular electrode having a cable terminal at its upper end and affixed to the lower end of an insulating cable conduit. A fluid supply conduit surrounding the cable conduit supports a permeable enclosing basket which surrounds the electrode and controls flow of fluid electrolyte over its surface.

Abstract: A sacrificial anode and a protective coating for cathodically protecting a pipeline against corrosion especially in underground installation. The preferred anode includes a tubular shell of sacrificial anodic material electrically contacted by integral or intermediate contacts with the pipe andd having a longitudinal seam for opening and closing the anode to place it around the pipe with corrosion and electrical resistant coating material between the anode and pipe. The outer surface of the anode can have a coating of a salt material suitable for forming an electrolyte with water in the surrounding soil. In a preferred and easily installable form, the anode comprises a pair of shell halves having a coating material secured to the inner surface thereof and extending longitudinally beyond the shell halves to overlap the coating material of pipe sections at a ends of the mill-wrap coating cut-back.

Abstract: Fracturing of arcuate anode segments per se or of an anode section of a sacrificial anode during installation of bracelet-type anodes about a pipeline to be cathodically protected is minimized. Distortion of the anode segment during cooling of the metal after casting the segment is also minimized. The minimizing of the distortion and fracturing of the anode segments is attained in certain embodiments of the invention, for a given pipeline of a certain diameter, by the arcuate-shaped anode segments each being of an arc length which is not above a predetermined maximum arc length in the range of about 14 inches to about 27 inches.

Abstract: A bipolar electrolytic diaphragm cell is disclosed having a low resistance conductor/connector between the cathodes of one cell and the anodes of the next adjacent cell. The conductor/connector, which penetrates through the backplate, has an anolyte-resistant member connected to the anode and a catholyte-resistant member connected to the cathode. The anolyte- and catholyte-resistant members are connected to an intermediate high conductivity member by friction welding.

Abstract: The formation of hardness-caused deposits on the cathodic surfaces of cells used in the electrolytic production of hypochlorite from impure saline solutions is reduced and good current efficiencies are realized by employing flat, continuous cathodes having a surface roughness of less than 2.54 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.4 cm. and passing said solution by said cathodes during electrolysis at a velocity of from 0.3 meter/sec. to the number which is equal to the log expressed by the formula: Log velocity (in m/sec/3) = 1.0 - (available Cl.sub.2 concentration, in grams per liter, divided by 4).

Abstract: A copying machine which produces one or more copied sheets by utilizing an electronic photographic method, wherein a coil shaped developing electrode is provided close to the traveling path of the photosensitive paper or the surface of the dram within the developing section of the device. Electric lines of force caused by an electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive paper or the dram are uniformly intensified as the paper or the dram pass near the developing electrode, whereby the edge development effects are suppressed and the contrast of the developing image is amplified in order to obtain a clean copy. A developer is replenished onto the photosensitive paper or the surface of the dram through clearances provided within the coil shaped developing electrode.

Abstract: Segmented electrodes for use in electrolytic filter press cells obviate and reduce the problems of current distributions attributable to poor bipolar electrical connections, and electrode flatness. The electrodes are supported on the electrical boss as well as on the central barrier.

Abstract: An electrode useful in measuring rate of corrosion at the inside surface of a conduit containing a corrosive atmosphere is designed to be inserted in the wall of the conduit and mounted flush with its inside surface. The electrode is formed of three pieces: an elongated cylindrical metallic conductor, a cylindrical metallic tip, and a threaded screw. The tip is shaped such that when the electrode is inserted within the wall of the conduit, the shaped surface of the tip can be positioned exactly flush with the inside surface thereof.An electrode holder is inserted into a hole cut in the conduit and held in place by a welded reinforcing plate on the outside surface of the conduit. An electrode is inserted within the holder and held in place by a retainer cap. When the electrode is to be removed, the retainer cap is taken off and the electrode stays in place by virtue of the frictional forces between it and an elastomeric sleeve which is in place between the electrode and the electrode holder.

Abstract: An anode made essentially as a plate of a ferrosilicon alloy having a wire-made structural base, the wire being fastened on a metallic bar which also carries also a current lead-in. Such a composite construction for an anode enables an electrotinning process to occur without periodical reclaiming of the tin-enriched electrolyte.

Abstract: An adjustable electrode for use in electrolytic cells is provided. The electrode comprises two electrode surfaces positioned in parallel and having a space between them. A rotatable element is attached to each of the electrode surfaces. Upon rotation of the element, the space between the electrode surfaces may be varied. Variation in the space between electrode surfaces is desirable when assembling the electrodes in the cell and in providing the optimum gap between electrodes of opposite charge.The adjustable electrode is employed in cells for providing chlorine and caustic soda or oxychlorine compounds by the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride solutions.

Abstract: In a process for extruding thermoplastic film means are provided for maintaining substantially free from deposit a wire electrode which is used to deposit an electrostatic charge on to the upper surface of the film. In a preferred embodiment the wire electrode is continuously unwound from a first reel on to a second reel. The wire electrode is kept substantially free of deposit by means of either a scraper plate or a current of air which is passed between the film and the wire electrode to prevent deposits from forming.