Abstract: A solder alloy includes Sn, optional Ag, Cu, and Al wherein the solder alloy composition together with the solder alloy superheat temperature and rapid cooling rate from the superheat temperature are controlled to provide a dispersion of fine hard Cu—Al intermetallic particles in an as-solidified solder alloy microstructure wherein the particles are retained even after multiple solder reflow cycles often used in modern electronic assembly procedures to provide a particle strengthening to the solder joint microstructure as well as exert a grain refining effect on the solder joint microstructure, providing a strong, impact- and thermal aging-resistant solder joint that has beneficial microstructural features and is substantially devoid of Ag3Sn blades.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a friction element (3) comprising the steps: providing a metal main body (10), hardening the main body (10) on at least part of its surface (11, 12) in a salt bath, wherein the salt bath hardening is the final method step, and no further processing of the hardened surface (11, 12) is performed. Furthermore, the invention relates to a friction element produced according to this method and a friction component comprising the latter.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing high purity ytterbium, wherein the high purity ytterbium is obtained by reducing crude ytterbium oxide in a vacuum with reducing metals composed of metals having a low vapor pressure, and selectively distilling ytterbium. Additionally provided are methods of achieving the high purification of ytterbium which has a high vapor pressure and is hard to refine in a molten state, and high purity ytterbium obtained thereby. Further provided is technology for efficiently and stably obtaining a sputtering target made of high purity material ytterbium, and a thin film for metal gates containing high purity material ytterbium.

Abstract: High modulus turbine shafts and high modulus cylindrical articles are described as are the process parameters for producing these shafts and cylindrical articles. The shafts/articles have a high Young's modulus as a result of having high modulus <111> crystal texture along the longitudinal axis of the shaft/article. The shafts are produced from directionally solidified seeded <111> single crystal cylinders that are axisymmetrically hot worked before a limited recrystallization process is carried out at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature of the alloy. The disclosed process produces an intense singular <111> texture and results in shaft or cylindrical article with a Young's modulus that is at least 40% greater than that of conventional nickel or iron alloys or conventional steels.

Abstract: A complex alloy of at least three phases comprising a composite alloy composed of an Si single phase and an Si—Al-M alloy phase, and an L phase offers a negative electrode material. M is an element selected from transition metals and metals of Groups 4 and 5, and L is In, Sn, Sb, Pb or Mg. The negative electrode material provides a lithium ion battery with a high capacity and long life. The material itself is highly conductive and increases the energy density per volume of a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: Compositions, apparatus incorporating a composition, and methods of use are described, one composition embodiment consisting essentially of one or more reactive metals in major proportion, and one or more alloying elements in minor proportion, with the provisos that the composition is high-strength, controllably reactive, and degradable under defined conditions. Compositions of the invention may exist in a variety of morphologies, including a reactive metal or degradable alloy processed into an alloy of crystalline, amorphous or mixed structure that may constitute the matrix of other composition, for instance a composite. Methods of using apparatus comprising a composition, particularly in oilfield operations are also described (e.g. flow and displacement control, sensors, actuators). This abstract allows a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the disclosure. It will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of tanks from one ore more metal plates using a friction stir welding process The metal plate or plates is first formed into a tubular shape with one pair of opposite edges facing one another to form a longitudinal joint line, the opposite edges then being friction stir welded together. At least a part of the friction stir welded region is cold worked and subsequently the tube is heat treated at a temperature above the recrystallisation temperature.

Abstract: There are provided an Ni-based alloy high-chrome steel structure and its manufacturing method capable of joining Ni-based alloys and high-chrome steels by welding, and performing suitable heat treatment, thereby maintaining the strength in the joints.

Abstract: An electrically conductive GaAs crystal has an atomic concentration of Si more than 1×1017 cm?3, wherein density of precipitates having sizes of at least 30 nm contained in the crystal is at most 400 cm?2. In this case, it is preferable that the conductive GaAs crystal has a dislocation density of at most 2×10?2 cm2 or at least 1×10?3 cm2.

Abstract: The sublimation capability of a porous metal plate used in a sublimator is maintained by heating the porous metal plate at an elevated temperature in a flowing stream of oxygen for an extended period of time to form an oxidized surface. A short chain molecule, such as citric acid, is attached to the oxidized surface having multiple functional carboxylate groups and no hydrophobic tail.

Abstract: A lead-free solder composition including about 90% to about 99% by weight of a lead-free tin solder based on the total weight of the lead-free solder composition and about 1% to about 10% by weight of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based on the total weight of the lead-free solder composition.

Abstract: A composition for diffusion surface alloying of ferrocarbon alloys with chromium, consisting essentially of, by weight, about 25%-40% ferrochromium; about 54%-74% aluminum oxide or mixtures of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and magnesium oxide in a weight ratio of about 3:2:1; about 1%-3% ammonium chloride; and a reducing agent consisting essentially of about 0.1%-3% aluminum, about 0.1%-2% silicon, about 0.1%-1.5% magnesium, or about 0.1%-3% of a mixture of aluminum, silicon and magnesium in a weight ratio of about 3:2:1. A method for diffusion surface alloying of a ferrocarbon workpiece with chromium, comprising providing the above composition; exposing the workpiece to the composition; and heating the workpiece and composition for sufficient time and temperature to form a chromium containing diffusion layer on the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method for producing clathrate compounds, comprising producing a homogeneous melt containing the desired elements in the desired ratio, and subsequently solidifying said melt to obtain the clathrate compound by quickly cooling the melt.

Abstract: A binding agent includes 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, alkylphenol ethoxylate, acetic acid and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The surface treatment method using the binding agent and articles manufactured by the method is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a monolithic titanium alloy (M) comprising, in a temperature range (?T) and at atmospheric pressure: an outer peripheral zone consisting of a micro-structure (m1) having a modulus of elasticity (E1) and possessing superelastic properties in said range (?T), and a core consisting of a microstructure (m2) having a modulus of elasticity (E2), and possessing elastic properties in said range (?T); said microstructures (m1) and (m2) being different from one another, and said modulus of elasticity (E1) being lower than said modulus of elasticity (E2).

Abstract: A method of preparing nanoparticles includes using low-temperature plasma and a pulsed second process gas. Nanoparticles having uniform sizes and nanoparticles having a core-shell structure may be formed. A lithium battery includes an electrode that includes the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A metal alloy for use in a wire included in an electrochemical cell is disclosed having an amorphous structure, microcrystalline grains, or grains that are sized less than about one micron. In various embodiments, the microcrystalline grains are not generally longitudinally oriented, are variably oriented, or are randomly oriented. In some embodiments, the microcrystalline grains lack uniform grain size or are variably sized. In some embodiments, the microcrystalline grains have an average grain size of less than or equal to 5 microns. In some embodiments, the metal alloy lacks long-range crystalline order among the microcrystalline grains. In some embodiments, the wire is used in a substrate used in the electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, the metal alloy is formed using a co-extrusion process comprising warming up the metallic alloy and applying pressure and simultaneously passing a core material through a die to obtain a composite structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing monotectic alloys with finely dispersed and homogeneously distributed second phase particles from two or more starting metals or alloys, in which the two or more metals or alloys are melted together or separately and the two or more, practically immiscible liquid metallic alloys are mixed to disperse the alloy of lower volume ratio with the other alloy of higher volume ratio, then the system is cooled below the eutectic temperature. The characteristic feature of the method is that at least one of the starting alloys contains stabilizing solid particles.

Abstract: Tin and tin alloy deposits which are substantially free of certain crystal planes or equivalents thereof inhibit or prevent whisker formation. The tin or tin alloy deposits which are free of these crystal planes and inhibit or prevent whisker formation may be deposited by electroplating. Tin alloys include tin/copper, tin/nickel, tin/silver, tin/bismuth, tin/zinc and tin/antimony. The tin and tin alloy baths used to deposit the tin and tin alloys may be acidic or alkaline.

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing apparatus for an automobile part, comprising: a conveying path (20) for transferring an outer joint member (10) which is made of a metal and has an outer surface coated with a coating agent after induction quenching; and high-frequency induction coils (21, 22) arranged along an automobile part transferring direction of the conveying path (20), for simultaneously performing tempering of the outer joint member (10) and baking of the coating agent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for decarburization of a rotor forging. In one aspect, a location for applying a weld prep to a rotor forging is identified. The rotor forging is decarburized at the identified location of the weld prep to attain a predetermined carbon content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hollow drilling steel rod including a stem portion and a thread portion positioned at an end portion in an axial direction with respect to the stem portion, the hollow drilling steel rod being constituted of a steel having a specific composition described in the present specification, in which the thread portion includes a thread having been subjected to a high frequency quenching, and the thread portion and the stem portion separate from each other have been joined by a friction welding.

Abstract: Mechanical component (10) having a hole (12) extending therethrough and having a minimum thickness (T) of 7 mm, measured from an interior surface (12a, 12b) constituting the outer perimeter of the hole (12) radially outwards to an outer surface of said mechanical component (10). The maximum transverse dimension (d) of said hole (12) is 31.75 mm or less and that at least one part (22) of interior surface (12a, 12b) material of the mechanical component (10) constituting the outer perimeter of said hole (12) comprises a martensitic microstructure produced by induction hardening using an electromagnetic induction coil (14) positioned inside said hole (12) followed by immediate quenching using a quenching device (16) that is positioned inside said hole (12) when the electromagnetic induction coil (14) has been removed from said hole (12) or while the electromagnetic induction coil (14) is being removed from said hole (12).

Abstract: Disclosed is a foundry mix containing a sulfate and/or nitrate salt and its use to make foundry shapes by the warm-box, hot-box, no-bake, and cold-box process, the use of these foundry shapes to make metal castings, and the metal castings prepared by the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to an iron-based soft magnetic powder for a dust core, wherein a film comprising Fe and Co, a phosphoric acid-based chemical conversion film and a silicone resin film are formed in this order on the surface of an iron-based soft magnetic powder, and to a dust core obtained by molding the iron-based soft magnetic powder for a dust core. The invention also relates to an iron-based soft magnetic powder for a dust core formed by coating the surface of an iron-based soft magnetic powder with an insulating film, wherein the powder has a particle diameter of from 45 ?m to 180 ?m, the insulating film is composed of two layers in which a lower layer composed of a phosphoric acid-based chemical conversion film and an upper layer composed of a silicone resin film, and each of the films has a thickness of from 100 nm to 280 nm, and to a dust core obtained by molding the iron-based soft magnetic powder for a dust core.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous preparation for passivating metallic surfaces, comprising itaconic acid homopolymers or copolymers and at least one amine- or amide-containing alcohol, to a method for passivating metallic surfaces by treating the surface with the preparation of the invention, to passivating layers and metallic surfaces obtainable by means of the method of the invention, and to the use of the preparation of the invention for passivating a metal surface.

Abstract: A martensitic stainless steel, having high temper softening resistance, for disc brakes is provided. The martensitic stainless steel is not seriously softened by maintaining the steel at more than 600° C. The steel has a hardness of 32 or more or a hardness of 30 or more in HRC after the steel is tempered at 650° C. for one hour or tempered at 670° C. for one hour, respectively. In particular, the martensitic stainless steel for disc brakes contains less than 0.050 mass % carbon, 1.0 mass % or less silicon, 2.0 mass % or less manganese, 0.04 mass % or less phosphorus, 0.010 mass % or less sulfur, 0.2 mass % or less aluminum, more than 11.5 mass % to 15.0 mass % chromium, 0.5 mass % to 2.0 mass % nickel, more than 0.50 mass % to 4.0 mass %. copper, more than 0.08 mass % to 0.6 mass % niobium, and less than 0.09 mass % nitrogen, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A heat resistant alloy member that maintains the creep strength and improves the fatigue characteristics is provided. The heat resistant alloy member according to the present invention includes a recrystallized structure layer including finer grains on the surface of the member than those inside of the member. The recrystallized structure layer is formed by forming a stirred layer by giving processing strain to the surface of the member using a friction stir processing, and applying recrystallization heat treatment to the stirred layer for recrystallization.

Abstract: A steel sheet which is decarburized after being strip casted and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. A method for manufacturing the steel sheet includes i) providing molten iron, ii) removing sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon from the molten iron, iii) strip casting the molten iron and providing the steel sheet, and iv) heating and contacting the steel sheet with an oxidization gas while decarburizing the steel sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed are quaternary ammonium salts containing non-halogen anions such as carbonates, bicarbonates, phosphates, glycolates and mixtures thereof as conversion coatings or additives imparting anti-corrosive properties to paints. The invention relates to a method for inhibiting the corrosion of metal surfaces by applying a composition containing one or more quaternary ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate. The disclosure is also directed to anti-corrosive coatings for metal substrates containing these compounds and to metal substrates having these anticorrosive coatings.

Abstract: Disclosed is a treatment solution for use in the formation of a black trivalent chromium chemical conversion coating film with uniformly stabilized black wash, luster and corrosive resistance irrespective of the type of the acidic, neutral or alkaline zinc plating bath employed or the presence or absence of nickel eutectoid. Also disclosed is a method of forming the black trivalent chromium chemical conversion coating film. The treatment solution comprises a trivalent chromium ion, a chelating agent capable of forming a water-soluble complex with the trivalent chromium, at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of a cobalt ion, a nickel ion and an iron ion, and formic acid or a salt thereof as a buffer for hydrogen ion concentration. The treatment solution can be used for forming a black hexavalent chromium-free chemical conversion coating film on zinc or a zinc alloy.

Abstract: An orientation of crystal axis <001> of the metallic material as a solid solution having a structure of body-centered cubic (BCC) is arranged along a work surface of the metallic material by hot rolling process in a temperature range of structuring the metallic material to be BCC single phase solid solution. For example, Fe-Si alloy as the metallic material is heated in the temperature range for BCC single phase solid solution, and processed so as to arrange the orientation of crystal axis <001> along the work surface by pressing the BCC single phase solid solution in a strain rate to maintain work condition for controlling motion of dislocation by atmosphere of solute atom generated in BCC single solid solution and migrating grain boundary by strain energy stored in a crystal grain as driving force.

Abstract: A non-oriented electrical steel sheet includes: a base iron (1); and a tension applying type insulating film (2) of not less than 1 g/m2 nor more than 6 g/m2 on a surface of the base iron (1). An oxide layer (3) containing at least one type of oxide selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, and Cr and having a thickness of not less than 0.01 ?m nor more than 0.5 ?m is formed on the surface of the base iron (1).

Abstract: A method of forming a wrought material having a refined grain structure is provided. The method comprises providing a metal alloy material having a depressed solidus temperature and a low temperature eutectic phase transformation. The metal alloy material is molded and rapidly solidified to form a fine grain precursor that has fine grains surrounded by a eutectic phase with fine dendritic arm spacing. The fine grain precursor is plastic deformed at a high strain rate to cause recrystallization without substantial shear banding to form a fine grain structural wrought form. The wrought form is then thermally treated to precipitate the eutectic phase into nanometer sized dispersoids within the fine grains and grain boundaries and to define a thermally treated fine grain structure wrought form having grains finer than the fine grains and the fine dendritic arm spacing of the fine grain precursor.

Abstract: A hot dip galvannealed steel sheet, which is a plated steel sheet, the plated sheet including an oxide layer being formed on the surface of the plated steel sheet, having an average thickness of 10 nm or more, and containing Zn and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti and Sn.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the heat treatment of metal strip material providing mechanical properties that differ over the width of the strip, wherein the strip is heated and cooled and optionally over-aged during a continuous annealing process. At least one of the following parameters in the process differs over the width of the strip: heating rate, top temperature, top temperature holding time, cooling trajectory after top temperature; or, when over-aging is performed, at least one of the following parameters in the process differs over the width of the strip: heating rate, top temperature, top temperature holding time, cooling trajectory after top temperature, over-aging temperature, over-aging temperature holding time, lowest cooling temperature before over-aging, re-heating rate to over-aging temperature. Also, at least one of the cooling trajectories follows a non-linear temperature-time path. Also disclosed is strip material thus produced.

Abstract: Processes for fabricating components to have two or more regions with different grain structures, and components produced by such processes. First and second preforms are fabricated to comprise interface surfaces at which the preforms can be joined together. The first and second preforms are formed of first and second precipitation-strengthened alloys, respectively, and the first alloy differs from the second alloy by having a higher solvus temperature or a higher grain refiner content. The preforms are joined together to form an article comprising first and second portions formed by the first and second preforms, respectively, and corresponding to first and second regions of the component, respectively, and the interface surfaces of the preforms form a joint between the first and second portions of the article. A supersolvus heat treatment is performed on the article so that greater grain growth occurs in the second portion than in the first portion.

Abstract: A steel sheet has the chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.04 to 0.13%, Si: 0.9 to 2.3%, Mn: 0.8 to 1.8%, P: 0.1% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.1% or less, N: 0.008% or less, the remainder being Fe and the inevitable impurities and a microstructure including, in terms of area ratio, a ferrite phase of 80% or more, a bainitic ferrite phase of 1.0% or more, a pearlite phase of 1.0 to 10.0%, and a martensite phase of 1.0% or more and less than 5.0%, wherein the mean grain size of ferrite is 14 ?m or less, the mean grain size of martensite is 4 ?m or less, the mean free path of martensite is 3 ?m or more, the Vickers hardness of ferrite is 140 or more, and the relationship area ratio of martensite/(area ratio of bainitic ferrite+area ratio of pearlite) 0.6 is satisfied.

Abstract: A treatment for prevention of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and a treated component are disclosed. A surface of a relatively high tensile strength component is heated to a temperature at which at least one of tempering or annealing occurs. The surface is then cooled in a controlled manner so as to maintain a reduced tensile strength at the surface that minimizes SCC while keeping a relatively high tensile strength in the remainder of the component.

Abstract: A conventional low-temperature solder containing Pb or Cd had problems with respect to environmental pollution. A conventional low-temperature lead-free solder had a liquidus temperature which was too high for low heat resistance parts having a heat resistance temperature of 130° C., or it was brittle or had low mechanical strength. A lead-free low-temperature solder according to the present invention comprises 48-52.5 mass % of In and a balance of Bi, and most of the structure is constituted by a BiIn2 intermetallic compound which is not brittle. Zn or La can be added in order to further improve solderability, and a small amount of P can be added to prevent corrosion at high temperatures and high humidities.

Abstract: The invention describes a method and compositions where the presence of cobalt and or nickel have been depleted from the surface layer(s) of a cobalt, chromium, nickel containing alloy.

Abstract: Methods for producing alloy strips including zirconium alloy strips that demonstrate improved formability are disclosed. The strips of the present disclosure have a purity and crystalline microstructure suitable for improved formability, for example, in the manufacture of certain articles such as panels for plate heat exchangers and high performance tower packing components. Other embodiments disclosed herein relate to formed alloy strip, articles of manufacture produced from the alloy strip, and methods for making the articles of manufacture.

Abstract: Provided is a zinc-plated steel sheet for hot pressing having outstanding surface characteristics, comprising: a steel foundation plate comprising a metal surface diffusion layer of which the Gibbs free energy reduction per mole of oxygen during oxidation is less than that of Cr; an aluminum-rich layer containing at least 30 wt. % of aluminium formed on the surface diffusion layer, and a zinc plating layer formed on the aluminum-rich layer. In this way, a metal having a low affinity for oxygen is coated to an effective thickness prior to annealing and thus the creation of annealing oxides at the surface of the steel sheet is suppressed and a uniform zinc plating layer is formed, and alloying of the zinc plating layer is promoted during press-processing heat treatment. Cracking in the steel foundation plate during hot press molding is prevented.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a composite steel part including preparing an intermediate product in which an extra portion, which has a thickness equal to or more than that of a carburized layer to be formed in a subsequent carburizing step, has been added to a welding expected portion, carburizing the intermediate product by heating to an austenitizing temperature or more in a carburizing atmosphere, then cooling the intermediate product at a cooling rate less than a rate at which martensitic transformation occurs and without completing structural transformation due to the cooling, quenching a portion of the intermediate product after heating to an austenitizing range by high-density energy and thereafter cooling to cause martensitic transformation to form a carburized quenched portion, removing an extra portion of the intermediate product; and then welding a second steel part to the welding expected portion.

Abstract: Brass components exhibiting excellent resistance to dezincification corrosion and stress corrosion cracking are prepared without, or with a reduced need for, corrosion inhibiting additives by developing a metal-sulfide rich barrier layer at the surfaces of the component. Brass components treated as disclosed exhibit corrosion resistance as determined by standardized testing that yields dezincification penetration less than 200 microns in depth and exhibits no stress corrosion cracking.

Abstract: Disclosed is an easily handleable composition for metal surface treatment which enables to achieve foundation surface concealment, coating adhesion and corrosion resistance equal to or higher than those obtained by the conventional metal surface treatment compositions. This composition for metal surface treatment places no burden on the environment. Also disclosed are a method for treating the surface of a metal material wherein such a composition for metal surface treatment is used, and a metal material treated by such a metal surface treatment method. Specifically disclosed is a metal surface treatment composition used for a treatment of a metal surface, which composition contains a zirconium compound and/or titanium compound substantially not containing fluorine, and an inorganic acid and/or a salt thereof. This metal surface treatment composition has a pH of not less than 1.5 but not more than 6.5.

Abstract: A work hardening treatment which decreases the Young's modulus, and an age hardening treatment which recovers or increases the Young's modulus decreased by the work hardening treatment are performed to form a vibrating portion, thereby attaining a vibrating element (30) advantageous in downsizing while ensuring desired fatigue characteristics and vibration characteristics. This downsizes, for example, an actuator device (1), an optical scanning device, a video projection apparatus, and an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medical device or implant made at least in part of a high-strength, low-modulus metal alloy comprising niobium, tantalum, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, tungsten, and molybdenum. The medical devices according to the present invention provide superior characteristics with regard to biocompatibility, radio-opacity and MRI compatibility.

Abstract: Proposed are a heat treatment method capable of molding, by mobile quenching of induction quenching, an outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint excellent in a strength thereof without forming hardened layers in larger radially-inner portions, and the outer joint member and the tripod type constant velocity universal joint which are manufactured by the above-mentioned heat treatment method. Mobile quenching is performed in such a manner that a high-frequency induction heating coil (51) is moved in an axial direction relative to an outer joint member (21), and thus hardened layers (S) are formed on the roller guide surfaces (27) of the outer joint member (21).

Abstract: The galvannealed steel sheet includes: a galvannealed layer formed on at least one surface of a steel sheet and contains includes an amount of 0.05 mass % to 0.5 mass % of Al, an amount of 6 mass % of 12 mass % of Fe, and the balance composed of Zn and inevitable impurities; and a mixed layer formed on a surface of the galvannealed layer and includes a composite oxide of Mn, Zn, and P and an aqueous P compound, wherein the composite oxide includes 0.1 mg/m2 to 100 mg/m2 of Mn, an amount of 1 mg/m2 to 100 mg/m2 of P, and Zn, and a P/Mn ratio is 0.3 to 50, and wherein the total size of an area of the mixed layer in which an attached amount of P is equal to or more than 20 mg/m2 is 20% to 80% of a surface area of the mixed layer.