Abstract: The present invention provides a unique and novel way of producing vinyl phenols such as poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS). In this new process, p-.alpha.-aminoethylphenol (AEP) is heated under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure and for a sufficient period of time to form the poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS).

Abstract: The production of cis-dihydrodiol compounds of the formula ##STR1## where n is 0 or 1 (preferably 0) by the microbial oxidation of a diphenylaceylene compound of the formula ##STR2## using a mutant of a Pseudomonas bacteria at 25.degree. to 35.degree. C. and pH 6-8 is disclosed. The cis-dihydrodiol compound is in turn treated with an aqueous solution of a base to produce a corresponding 3-hydroxydiphenylacetylene compound or with an aqueous solution of an acid to produce a corresponding 2-hydroxyacetylene compound.

Abstract: An optically active tri-substituted methane compound having, as substituents, an aromatic ring group and a phenyl group having hydroxyl group at ortho or para position can be obtained by allowing a phenol compound unsubstituted at the ortho- or/and para-position to react with an optically active secondary carbinol compound having an aromatic ring group at the alpha-position in the presence of tri-substituted phosphine and diazodicarboxylate or diazodicarboxamide. These and other optically active tri-substituted methane compounds are useful as active ingredients for medicines or as intermediate compounds for preparing medicines.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic compounds of the general formula I,Ar--X Iin which Ar represents an optionally substituted aryl group and X represents a group OH, Cl, Br or CN, by reaction of an aryl diazoniumsalt of the formula II,Ar--N.dbd.N.sup.+ Y.sup.- IIin which Ar is as defined above and Y represents a suitable counterion, with water, hydrogen chloride or a salt thereof, hydrogen bromide or a salt thereof, or a cyanide in the presence of a copper(I)salt, characterized in that the copper(I)salt is a copper(I)salt derived from an hydroxy carboxylic acid.

Abstract: It has surprisingly now been discovered that alkoxy-magnesium halides of the general formula ROMgX wherein R is an alkyl having from about 1 to 18 carbon atoms and X is a halide can be synthesized in an inert hydrocarbon in just one step process by reacting magnesium which has been preliminarily activated with small quantities (approximately 5 mol %) of magnesium alkyl with a substantially equimolar mixture of an alkyl halide and an alkanol. That is, the present invention provides a one step reaction process for preparing alkoxy-magnesium halides. This one step reaction process involves reacting magnesium metal which has been previously activated with a magnesium-alkyl compound, with an equimolar mixture of an alkyl halide and an alkanol. Yields in excess of 90% can be obtained by employing the inventive one step reaction process.

Abstract: 4,4'-Dihydroxy-alpha-alkylstilbenes of high purity are prepared by reacting at a temperature of from about -20.degree. C. to about 20.degree. C. a mixture of (1) at least one alpha-haloketone, (2) at least one phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound or alkoxy-containing aromatic compound, and (3) at least one strong protonic acid or Lewis acid; such that the mole ratio of phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound or alkoxy-containing aromatic compound:alpha-haloketone(s) is from 0.1:1 to 1.9:1, and the mole ratio of phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound or alkoxy-containing aromatic compound:alpha-haloketone(s):strong protonic acid or Lewis acid is from about 0.1:1:0.0026 to about 1.9:1:0.95. The high purity 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-alkylstilbenes are useful for the advancement of epoxy resins, for the preparation of phenoxy resins and for the preparation of epoxy resins.

Abstract: This invention relates to structurally novel acyclic tocotrienol analogs, which are useful for cholesterol/lipid lowering in cases of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, and for atherosclerosis. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and a method of use employing those compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing low molecular weight phenol-aldehyde resin which has predominantly 4 phenolic units in a chain and in which the phenolic ring has a substituent R which is an alkyl group and optionally contains methylol groups on either end of the chain, by reacting formaldehyde with p-alkyl phenol in the presence of ammonia as base in a liquid reaction medium. The resins can be used in producing demulsifiers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and apparatus for mixing oxidizable reactants with oxidant and/or oxidizing oxidizable reactants. Through using particular mixing and/or oxidizing arrangements, the risk of flammable or explosive reactions can be significantly reduced or prevented. When ammonia is used as the reactant, nitric acid can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to oil-soluble lubricating oil additives comprising Mannich Base condensates of an alkyl substituted hydroxy aromatic compound with formaldehyde and an amine, wherein the alkyl-moiety of the aromatic compounds is derived from at least one ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer of 300 to 20,000 number average molecular weight, wherein at least about 30% of the polymer's chains contain terminal ethenylidene unsaturation. The Mannich Base condensates of this invention are useful as dispersants.

Abstract: A process for microbial conversion of benzocyclobutene to the corresponding 3,4-dihydrodiol followed by acid catalyzed dehydration to 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene.

Abstract: 4-Acetoxystyrene is reacted with a base in a solvent to form a salt of 4-hydroxystyrene via saponification. Alternatively, 4-hydroxystyrene is reacted with a base to form a salt of 4-hydroxystyrene. In the latter case, the 4-hydroxystyrene is prepared by the transesterification of 4-acetoxystyrene. Subsequently or simultaneously, the salt of 4-hydroxystyrene is reacted, preferably in situ, with di-tertiary-butyl-dicarbonate to form 4-tertiarybutoxycarbonyloxystyrene.

Abstract: A process for the production of an over based alkaline earth metal phenate (sulfurized, unsulfurized or a mixture thereof), in which the process comprises the steps of: effecting reactions among phenols, dihydric alcohols and an alkaline earth metal reagent (alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide or a mixture thereof), or among these compounds further mixed with sulfur and/or water; removing an excess of the dihydric alcohols and at least an excess of water by distillation; and subsequently treating resulting distillation residue with carbon dioxide, wherein the improvement resides in that the carbon dioxide treatment is carried out in the presence of water in an amount of from 0.01 to 1.0 mol per 1 mol of the alkaline earth metal reagent. Preferably, the carbon dioxide treatment is carried out in the presence of 0.1 to 0.7 mol sulfur and 0.1 to 1.0 mol water per 1 mol of the alkaline earth metal reagent.

Abstract: A biphenyl compound having the formula (I) is newly separated into its optical active compound, and useful as an optically separating agent: ##STR1## wherein W, X and Y are each an atom or atomic group selected from among H, F, Cl, Br, I, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OH, OCH.sub.3, NH.sub.2 and N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 and Z is an atom or atomic group selected from among Cl, Br, I, CH.sub.3 and OCH.sub.

Abstract: A method for producing 4-acetoxystyrene by heating 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol, with an acid catalyst, at a temperature of from about 85.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. under a pressure of from about 0.1 mm HgA to about 760 mm HgA for from about 0.2 minutes to about 10 minutes. The process also provides for the solventless (neat) hydrogenation of 4-acetoxyacetophenone to produce 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol. The reaction proceeds by heating at 54.degree. C. to 120.degree. C. with an excess of hydrogen in the presence of a Pd/C or activated nickel such as Raney Nickel catalyst in the absence of a solvent. The 4-acetoxyphenylmethylcarbinol may then be dehydrated to 4-acetoxystyrene. The later may be polymerized to poly(4-acetoxystyrene) and hydrolyzed to poly(4-hydroxystyrene).

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and apparatus for mixing oxidizable reactants with oxidant and oxidizing oxidizable reactants. When ammonia is used as the reactant, nitric acid can be obtained. Through using particular mixing and oxidizing arrangements, the volume of reactant oxidized can be significantly increased.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are optically active phenols of formula (V) which are useful as precursors for esters used in liquid crystalline crystalline mixtures: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 represents an optically active alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms optionally substituted by halogen atoms; k represents a number of 0 or 1; n represents a number of 1 to 6.

Abstract: A substantially pure, chemically distinct halomagnesium alkoxide compound is formed by reaction of a dihydrocarbylmagnesium compound with a compound which will replace an hydrocarbyl functionality thereon with an hydrocarbyloxy functionality and thereafter reacting the resulting product with a compound which replaces the other hydrocarbyl functionality with a halogen functionality, such as chlorine. The .sup.13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the product exhibits no more than one strong, narrow absorption peak for each chemically inequivalent carbon atom in the hydrocarbyloxy ligand of the compound.

Abstract: Compounds are provided which comprise a fluorocarbon terminal portion and a chiral hydrocarbon terminal portion, said terminal portions being connected by a central core, said compounds having tilted smectic mesophases or having latent tilted smectic mesophases which develop when said compounds having said latent mesophases are in admixture with said compounds having tilted smectic mesophases or said compounds having latent tilted smectic mesophases.

Abstract: A process for reacting a fluid phase (gaseous and/or liquid phase) in contact with a solid phase in a reaction zone, wherein the improvement in said process comprises reacting the fluid phase in contact with the solid phase in a horizontally-oriented fluidized bed vessel. The vessel includes at least two compartments or stages, and includes means for vibrating the vessel. The process of the present invention enables one to effect fluidization of the solid phase independently of the flow rate or velocity of the fluid phase, thus enabling proper contact time of the fluid phase with the solid phase and minimizing the amount of fluid phase reactant to be recycled.

Abstract: The phenols/phenol ethers are hydroxylated by reaction with hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of (a) at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a protonic acid having a pKa in water of less than -0.1 and (b) a free protonic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are the optically active aromatic compounds having a trifluoromethyl group useful as a component of ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions, a process for preparing the above compounds, liquid crystal compositions having the above compounds as an active ingredient, and liquid crystal elements using the above compositions. The optically active aromatic compounds of the Present invention represented by the formula: ##STR1## have the very excellent properties as a liquid crystal material and are useful for the preparation of liquid crystal compositions and the liquid crystal elements using such compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to naphthol aralkyl resins of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which A is a naphthalene nucleus, R is hydrogen or methyl, and n is an integer from 0 to 15 and cured products thereof, which are highly heat- and moisture-resistant, possess excellent impact strength and other mechanical properties, and are useful for such applications as lamination, molding, casting, and adhesion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining an ion in an aqueous sample. The method involves contacting the sample with a water immiscible material including an ionophore, a pH indicator and a compound which stabilizes sensitivity of the assay. The ion reacts with the ionophore in the water immiscible material, releasing a proton which reacts with the pH indicator generating a color change which is representative of the ion to be measured. The stabilizing compound stabilizes this change. Also described are compositions including the three recited elements, and various new compounds useful as the stabilizer.

Abstract: An electrically conductive paste composition comprises an electrically conductive powder, a solvent and an organic binder comprising one or more monohydric phenol adduct compound selected from the group consisting of:(a) a monohydric phenol adduct of an unsaturated fatty acid, its metal salt or an unsaturated fatty acid ester,(b) a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid ester of said phenol adduct (a),(c) a sulfonation product of said phenol adduct (a) and(d) an amination product of said phenol adduct. It is applied to a resin article to provide an electric circuit having an improved adhesion.

Abstract: A process for hydrodehalogenating halogenated aromatics present in a contaminated aqueous environmental source in which the halogenated aromatics are reacted with hydrogen gas or a source of hydrogen gas in the presence of a basic proton acceptor and a catalyst of palladium on carbon.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a tetrakisphenol by the reaction of a dialdehyde with a phenolic compound in the presence of a cationic exchange resin catalyst, and then subjecting a solution of the condensation product to conditions suitable for crystallization of the polyphenolic product relatively high in the tetrakisphenol species.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic process for the synthesis of an alcohol by reaction of an epoxide with a nucleophilic compound containing a labile hydrogen, such as an alcohol, a phenol, a primary amine or a carboxylic acid.The catalyst is a metal complex of general formula (I)[M[Co(CO).sub.4 ].sub.2 ].sub.x in which x is equal to 1 or 2 and M denotes tin, lead and cadmium.The reaction preferably takes place in the presence of carbon monoxide.This process makes it possible to increase the yield and the selectivity of the reaction and the stereoselectivity for alcohol in the case of which the hydroxyl formed is attached to the least hindered carbon atom of the epoxide.The invention also relates to the new complexes of formula (I) in which x equals 2.It also relates to a process for the electrosynthesis of these new compounds by electroreduction of Co.sub.2 (CO).sub.

Abstract: 9,9-Bis(3,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene a novel compound can be used to produce amorphous poly(arylene ethers) which have high glass transition temperatures and good thermo-oxidative stability and which are soluble in aromatic and chlorinated solvents; the novel fluorene derivative is produced by transalkylation of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene or 9,9-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)fluorene with 2,6-diphenylphenol.

Abstract: A buffered and chelated phenol solution has been stablized by adjusting the pH within a critical range and maintaining the solution under inert gas atmosphere. The solution, which may be combined with chloroform, is useful to denature soluble proteins during the purification of nucleic acids. An opaque phenol-compatible package is described which preserves and safely delivers water-clear phenol.

Abstract: A method for preparing 4-hydroxystyrene is disclosed. The method comprises reacting 4-acetoxystyrene with a suitable alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a suitable base.

Abstract: The object of the invention are anticonvulsant heterocyclic compounds of general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is each selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, trifluoromethyl or halogen, R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or alkoxy, R.sub.4, in position 3 or 5, is selected from hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl,R.sub.5 is selected from hydrogen or C.sub.4 -C.sub.4 alkyl or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 together form a tetramethylene group, Z at position 3 or 5 on the heterocycle is selected from:--N(R.sub.6)--CO--, --CO--N(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.6)--CO--N(R.sub.6)----CH(R.sub.6)--NH--CO--, or --NH-CO--CH(R.sub.6),in which R.sub.6 is selected from hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.

Abstract: Novel 1,3-diaryl cyclopentanes of the following general formula were prepared. ##STR1## These compounds were found to have potent and specific PAF (Platelet Activating Factor) antagonistic activities and as such useful in the treatment or amelioration of various diseases or disorders mediate by the PAF, for example, hypotension, inflammation, nephritis, stroke and other cardiovascular disorders, asthma, allergic and skin diseases, peptic or stomach ulcer, shock, lung edema, psoriasis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, pain including dental pain, and aggregation of platelets.

Abstract: Substituted diallylphenol derivatives are useful as reactive diluents for bismaleimides. Formulations comprising bismaleimides and substituted diallylphenol derivatives are particularly useful in resin transfer molding and filament winding techniques.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a method for preparing Group II metal overbased sulfurized alkylphenols. In particular, the present invention employs a sulfurization catalyst in the preparation of Group II metal overbased sulfurized alkylphenols. Use of a sulfurization catalyst in this preparation results in a product generally characterized as having lower crude sediment, a higher Total Base Number and lower viscosity than a similar product prepared without using a sulfurization catalyst.

Abstract: Halide arylalkoxy-containing compounds of the formula ROMgX, where X is halide (e.g., chloride) and R is aralkyl (e.g., benzyl) are hydrocarbon soluble.

Abstract: A process for preparing p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol or a derivative thereof comprising reacting a phenol and a formaldehyde source under a basic condition is disclosed, wherein the reaction is carried out in an alcoholic organic solvent in the presence of a crown ether. The process achieves high selectivity toward the para position without involving high cost.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of mixtures of isomeric cresols with a molar ratio of para- to meta-cresol of from 0.6:1 to 10:1 by isomerization of cresol mixtures or ortho- and/or metal-cresol on zeolite catalysts of the pentasil type in the gas phase at from 300.degree. to 600.degree. C. under from 0.01 to 50 bar entails the mean particle size of the zeolite catalyst being at leat 3 .mu.m, and the selectivity in the established test for the disproportionation of ethylbenzene to diethylbenzene isomers being at least 60% for para-diethylbenzene.

Abstract: Phenol is prepared by directly hydroxylating benzene with nitrous oxide, preferably in vapor phase, on a substrate of acidified zeolite particulates, advantageously ZSM-5 zeolite particulates, and such acidified zeolite particulates having a molar ratio SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of greater than about 90, preferably up to 500.

Abstract: Novel styryl-tetrahydromaphthalene and indane derivatives useful for treating neoplasms and dermatoses.

Abstract: The process of the present invention for producing dihydroxynaphthalenes comprises hydrolyzing a diacyloxynaphthalene in a water-containing solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst. The use of an acid as a hydrolyzing catalyst enables dihydroxynaphthalenes to be obtained with high purity and in high yield.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which both Rs and H or OH; comprising the steps a. of treating the ethyl ester of caffeic acid with trialkylsilyl chloride at ambient conditions in equimolar proportions in the presence of a base;b. the reduction of the ester to the corresponding allylic alcohol with aluminum hydride reagent;c. of oxidizing the resulting product with manganese dioxide at ambient temperature and in excess molar proportion to yield the corresponding allylic aldehyde;d. of coupling the latter with the silyl ether of the relative phenyl acetylide; ande. of hydrolysis of this coupled product with alkylammonium fluoride at ambient conditions in equimolar proportions.

Abstract: Optionally substituted benzyl-benzenes can be prepared by reaction of a benzyl alcohol of the formula ##STR1## with a benzene of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another denote hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, fluorine or chlorine, where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another may also represent hydroxyl and R.sup.5 may additionally be C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -alkyl,R.sup.6 represents hydrogen or one of the groups ##STR3## R.sup.8 denotes hydrogen or hydroxymethyl, in a ratio of 1 mole of benzene to 0.8-5 moles of benzyl alcohol in the presence of an amount of activated bleaching earth of 0.05-5% by weight, relative to the amount of benzyl alcohol, at a temperature between 90.degree. C. and 140.degree. C. in the presence of a diluent.

Abstract: Anti-ulcer agents containing isoprenoid derivatives are provided. The isoprenoid derivatives are represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R represents a group of formula ##STR2## In the above formula, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be the same or different each other and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a lower alkanoyloxy group, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, provided that two or more of them do not represent hydrogen atoms at the same time; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 may be the same or different each other and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group or a lower alkanoyloxy group represents the signal or the double bond between the carbon atoms; m represents 0 or 1; n represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 9, provided that the sum of m and n is an integer of from 1 to 9.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-soluble complexes of magnesium alkoxides with magnesium aryl oxides are described. The magnesium aryl oxide moiety is derived from a hindered aromatic alcohol. The complexes can be formed by reaction between a magnesium alkyl and a mixture of aliphatic alcohols and a hindered aromatic alcohol.

Abstract: Novel vicinal dioxyalkylene organometalates comprising a cation having a hydrocarbyl-containing substituent are disclosed. The vicinal dioxyalkylene organometalates can be reacted with water to yield alkylene glycols.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making hydrocarbyloxy magnesium halides by reacting in an inert atmosphere under anhydrous conditions activated magnesium metal with an oxygen containing compound of 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an anhydrous hydrogen halide to produce a hydrocarbyloxy magnesium halide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkylthioalkanoate salts by reaction of an alkali metal alkylmercaptide with a lactone in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent. Preferably, the alkali metal mercaptide is prepared by reaction of an alkylmercaptan and an alkali metal phenate.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an alkylphenol comprising reacting a phenol with an aldehyde and hydrogen in the presence of (a) an alkaline or alkaline earth metal catalyst selected from a hydroxide of an alkaline metal, hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal, a carbonate of an alkaline metal, and a hydrogencarbonate of an alkaline metal and (b) a hydrogenation catalyst. By the use of the process, the alkylphenols can be produced in good yield in one stage method.

Abstract: This invention relates to chemical compounds which have selective thyromimetic activity. A compound of this invention is 3,5-dibromo-3'-[6-oxo-3(1H)-pyridazinylmethyl]-thyronine.