Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (herein “OCT”) based analyte monitoring systems are disclosed. In one aspect, techniques are disclosed that can identify fluid flow in vivo (e.g., blood flow), which can act as a metric for gauging the extent of blood perfusion in tissue. For instance, if OCT is to be used to estimate the level of an analyte (e.g., glucose) in tissue, a measure of the extent of blood flow can potentially indicate the presence of an analyte correlating region, which would be suitable for analyte level estimation with OCT. Another aspect is related to systems and methods for scanning multiple regions. An optical beam is moved across the surface of the tissue in two distinct manners. The first can be a coarse scan, moving the beam to provide distinct scanning positions on the skin. The second can be a fine scan where the beam is applied for more detailed analysis.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes a band capable of encircling a portion of the body of a subject, and an optical emitter and detector attached to the band. The band includes comprises light transmissive material in optical communication with the optical emitter and optical detector and is configured to deliver light from the optical emitter to one or more locations of the body of the subject and to collect light from one or more locations of the body of the subject and deliver the collected light to the optical detector. The monitoring device may include a signal processor configured to receive and process signals produced by the optical detector, a transmitter configured to transmit signals processed by the signal processor to a remote device, and/or an optical filter.

Abstract: A living body information measuring apparatus includes an optical system for irradiating light to a subject and detecting light from the subject, a signal processing portion for acquiring information with regard to a tissue condition of the subject based on a detecting signal of light, and a position determining portion for determining an acceptability of an irradiating position of light based on the detecting signal of light.

Abstract: It is disclosed a device for measuring a concentration of glucose, for example, in a translucent piece of a body, like an earlobe, a tissue connecting two fingers, a nasal ala, or a cheek. The piece is illuminated by a linearly polarized laser beam at a certain polarization direction. Consequently, a diffused radiated light is emitted from the piece, including a directed beam. The device includes a polarizing beam splitter which receives the directed beam, a lens, a sensor array, and means for connecting to a processor. The splitter splits components of the directed beam at two mutually orthogonal linear polarization directions into two polarized beams propagating at two respective different directions. The lens images the distribution of the directed beam on the translucent piece on two spatially separated groups within the sensor arrays.

Abstract: A simple calibration method for calibrating an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using near-infrared spectral spectroscopy is realized. The calibration method comprises (1) the step of measuring a specific substance of a biological object with the use of an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using a confocal optical system, (2) the step of using an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using near-infrared spectral spectroscopy, thereby measuring a specific substance in the same region of the biological object, (3) the step of comparing a measured value of the specific substance, measured in the step (1) with a measured value of the specific substance, measured in the step, and (4) the step of executing an operation in the step at least once after the elapse of predetermined time.

Abstract: An exemplary system comprises an energy transmitter, an energy receiver, and an analyzer. The energy transmitter may project energy at a first wavelength and a second wavelength into tissue of a user, the first wavelength and the second wavelength being associated with at least one nutrient of a set of nutrients in blood of the user. The energy receiver may generate a composite signal based on a fraction of the energy at the first wavelength and the second wavelength, the fraction of the energy being received through the tissue of the user. The analyzer may separate the composite signal into a first signal corresponding to the first wavelength and a second signal corresponding to the second wavelength, and detect, in the blood of the user, a concentration of the at least one nutrient of the set of nutrients based on the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A measurement device according to the present disclosure includes a light source for emitting measurement light which is used for measuring an in vivo component present in a living body and belongs to a predetermined wavelength band toward the living body, a detection unit in which a plurality of sensors is regularly arranged in a predetermined arrangement and which detects the measurement light emitted from the light source and passing through the living body with the plurality of sensors, and an analysis unit which analyzes an amount of the in vivo component based on an amount of light attenuated depending on an optical distance from the light source by use of a detection result detected by the detection unit.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to a probe interface method and apparatus for use in conjunction with an optical based noninvasive analyzer. More particularly, an algorithm controls a sample probe position and attitude relative to a skin sample site before and/or during sampling. For example, a sample probe head of a sample module is controlled by an algorithm along the normal-to-skin-axis. Preferably, the sample probe head is positioned in terms of 3-D location in the x-, y-, and z-axes and is attitude orientated in terms of pitch, yaw, and roll. Further, attitude of the probe head is preferably orientated prior to contact of the sample probe head with the tissue sample using indicators, such as non-contact distance feedback from capacitance sensor, contacting or non-contacting optical sensors, and/or contact electrical sensors.

Abstract: A physiological monitoring system may process a physiological signal such a photoplethysmograph signal from a subject. The system may determine physiological information, such as a physiological rate, from the physiological signal. The system may use search techniques and qualification techniques to determine one or more initialization parameters. The initialization parameters may be used to calculate and qualify a physiological rate. The system may use signal conditioning to reduce noise in the physiological signal and to improve the determination of physiological information. The system may use qualification techniques to confirm determined physiological parameters. The system may also use autocorrelation techniques, cross-correlation techniques, fast start techniques, and/or reference waveforms when processing the physiological signal.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a noninvasive optical sensor or probe including disposable and reusable components. The assembly of the disposable and reusable components is straightforward, along with the disassembly thereof. During application to a measurement site, the assembled sensor is advantageously secured together while the componentry is advantageously properly positioned.

Abstract: Biopsy devices and methods useful with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Breast Specific Gamma Imaging (BSGI) are disclosed. A biopsy device including a flexible tube having a side aperture, and a PET or BSGI imageable material disposed within the flexible tube is disclosed. A biopsy method is disclosed that includes advancing a flexible tube having a PET or BSGI imageable material distally through the biopsy device. Various other embodiments and applications are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include a method for automatic detection of sleep apnea implemented in a medical apparatus, the method comprising (a) extracting a plurality of signal features by analyzing an oxygen saturation signal, (b) performing dimensionality reduction on the plurality of signal features to generate a plurality of signal features in a transformed space; and (c) displaying a sleep apnea diagnosis result based on a statistical classifier that operates on the plurality of signal features in a transformed space.

Abstract: A pulse rate sensor that includes an accelerometer for measuring periodic motion and a piezo sensor for detecting erratic motion is capable of more accurately determining pulse rate by accounting for these types of motion. The pulse rate sensor in accordance with the present invention diminishes pulse rate signal degradation due to erratic motion through a combination of algorithms that control signal boosting, waveform refinement and signal noise suppression.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for accurate noninvasive determination of tissue properties. Some embodiments of the present invention comprise an optical sampler having an illumination subsystem, adapted to communicate light having a first polarization to a tissue surface; a collection subsystem, adapted to collect light having a second polarization communicated from the tissue after interaction with the tissue; wherein the first polarization is different from the second polarization. The difference in the polarizations can discourage collection of light specularly reflected from the tissue surface, and can encourage preferential collection of light that has interacted with a desired depth of penetration or path length distribution in the tissue. The different polarizations can, as examples, be linear polarizations with an angle between, or elliptical polarizations of different handedness.

Abstract: A device for applying a sensor to a measurement site on a patient's skin has a wall arrangement defining an applicator volume above the patient's skin The wall arrangement has a patient's side and a sensor side. At least one gas-permeable membrane separates the applicator volume into a first volume directed to the measuring site at the patient's side of the wall arrangement and a second volume separated from the patient's skin and directed to the sensor side of the wall arrangement.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for spectrophometric measurement of a physiological property of a patient. For example, an embodiment of a patient monitoring system may include a monitor operatively coupled to a spectrophotometric sensor, which may include an emitter configured to transmit light into tissue of the patient and a detector configured to receive the light from the tissue. The emitter may use a photonic crystal light emitting diode to generate the light.

Abstract: A physiological parameter system has one or more parameter inputs responsive to one or more physiological sensors. The physiological parameter system may also have quality indicators relating to confidence in the parameter inputs. A processor is adapted to combine the parameter inputs, quality indicators and predetermined limits for the parameters inputs and quality indicators so as to generate alarm outputs or control outputs or both.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a sensor may be adapted to provide information related to its position on a patient's tissue. The sensor may include tissue contact sensors which may relay a signal related to the proper placement of the sensor relative to the tissue of a patient. Such a sensor may be useful for providing information to a clinician regarding the location of the sensor in relation to the skin of a patient in order to provide improved measurements.

Abstract: A substance component detection device includes a sensor substrate which is provided inside a concave groove, in which when an opening is closed by a measurement-target skin to form a closed space, and includes a projection group having a plurality of projections, a light source section which emits light toward the projection group, and light-receiving section which detects Raman scattering light generated by the projection group.

Abstract: A physiological measurement instrument is disclosed, having a detector, implemented as one or more sensors, for measuring values of one or more physiological measured parameters associated with a body of a human or animal subject, and for detecting values of a physical parameter that indicates an operating position of the measurement instrument relative to the body, and an operating-position-determining unit that receives and analyzes output signals from the detector, to determine the operating position of the measurement instrument.

Abstract: In a non-invasive human metabolic condition measuring apparatus and method, a micro-light source emits an incident light having a wavelength from 329 nm to 473 nm to trigger a mitochondrial metabolite of a human mucosa tissue, and the metabolite is excited to generate a fluorescent signal having a wavelength from 405 nm to 572 nm, and the fluorescent signal is filtered by an optical filter, received by a micro receiver, and amplified by an amplification circuit sequentially, and then a filter circuit and an analog/digital conversion circuit of a microprocessing unit are provided for filtering and performing an analog/digital signal conversion respectively, so that the metabolite content can be calculated by the computation to provide human metabolic conditions, and a combination of micro components and circuits is used for miniaturizing the apparatus to provide a convenient carry of the apparatus.

Abstract: In-vivo devices, systems and methods for the detection of blood within in-vivo bodily fluids. The methods include irradiating in-vivo fluids passing through a gap in a housing of an in-vivo device introduced to the GI tract of a subject with a plurality of illumination sources positioned on a first side of a gap; detecting with at least one light detector positioned on the opposite side of the gap and facing the illumination sources, light irradiated by the illumination sources; transmitting a plurality of values representing the light detected over time; converting these values to blood concentration values over time, and comparing the blood concentration values to a predetermined threshold value. Based on the comparison, the method includes determining the type of bleeding profile, such that if a plurality of blood concentration values measured consecutively is above the threshold value, the bleeding profile indicates bleeding.

Abstract: An optical device includes: a substrate; a metal nanostructure formed on the substrate and containing metal particles; and an organic molecular film formed on the metal nanostructure. A particle size of each metal particle is 1 nm to 500 nm when seen in a plan view. The organic molecular film includes holes penetrating in a thickness direction thereof. The holes are arranged in a two dimensional array along the surfaces of the metal particles. A size ? of each hole satisfies 0.5 nm???5 nm, a period P of the holes satisfies P?10 nm, and a thickness t of the organic molecular film satisfies t?1 nm.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include an emitter driver configured to be capable of addressing substantially 2N nodes with N cable conductors configured to carry activation instructions from a processor. In an embodiment, an address controller outputs an activation instruction to a latch decoder configured to supply switch controls to activate particular LEDs of a light source.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus to analyze two measured signals that are modeled as containing desired and undesired portions such as noise, FM and AM modulation. Coefficients relate the two signals according to a model defined. The method and apparatus are particularly advantageous to blood oximetry and pulserate measurements.

Abstract: A physiological sensor has light emitting sources, each activated by addressing at least one row and at least one column of an electrical grid. The light emitting sources are capable of transmitting light of multiple wavelengths and a detector is responsive to the transmitted light after attenuation by body tissue.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for multi-spectral imaging of tissue to obtain information about the distribution of fluorophores and chromophores in the tissue. Using specific spectral bands for illumination and specific spectral bands for detection, the signal-to-noise ratio and information related to the distribution of specific fluorophores is enhanced as compared to UV photography, which uses a single RGB image. Furthermore, the chromophore distribution information derived from the multi-spectral absorption images can be used to correct the fluorescence measurements. The combined fluorescence, absorption, and broadband reflectance data can be analyzed for disease diagnosis and skin feature detection.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a pulseoximetry system with ambient offset cancellation that subtracts an estimated ambient offset to thereby allow a large front end gain while operating the front end on a low supply voltage. This large gain reduces input referred noise of an analog to digital converter in the front end while providing high dynamic range for signals with a large ambient offset.

Abstract: Non-invasive apparatus and method for determining and monitoring glucose concentrations in human subjects. Glucose level is estimated through the effect of glucose on biological cells with glucose dependencies, e.g., red blood cells. The invention is based on the interaction of such cells with oscillating electric field gradients. The response of biological cells depends on factors including shape, size, and electrical charge distribution. The field gradient causes the cells to undergo characteristic motion which is detected by light beam scattering. The autocorrelation of the scattered light is computed, and the Fourier transform (FT) is performed to produce a characteristic velocity spectrum in which the peaks are characteristic of the cell “bio-electrical” states. The glucose level is estimated through measurements of changes of FT with changes in glucose levels after calibration with standard glucose methods.

Abstract: A method may include directing a radiation beam at a sample, the beam including two periods of radiation having different wavelengths, an analyte in a fluid within the sample having different absorption coefficients for the two different wavelengths, detecting the beam with a detector when the sample is in a first fluid state, the detector configured to generate an output signal proportional to an intensity of the beam at each of the two different wavelengths, detecting the beam with the detector when the sample is in a second fluid state, the sample transitioning from the first fluid state to the second fluid state by a pulsation of the sample, obtaining estimates of an amount of fluid at the first and second fluid states, and determining an analyte concentration estimate based on the output signal and the estimate of the amount of fluid at the first and second fluid states.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a system for synchronizing and configuring monitoring devices. In some embodiments, a patient monitoring device settings module is configured to automatically provide configuration settings to a plurality of patient monitoring devices. A monitoring device data module is configured to receive measurement data from at least one of the patient monitoring devices. An electronic medical records system interface is configured to provide patient data at least partially derived from the received measurement data to an electronic medical records system. A patient records interface is configured to provide patient data to at least one of the patient monitoring devices.

Abstract: An optical device is used to monitor an implant embedded in the tissue of a mammal (e.g., under the skin). The implant receives excitation light from the optical device and emits light that is detected by the optical device, including an analyte-dependent optical signal. Scatter and absorption properties of tissue change over time due to changes in hydration, blood perfusion and oxygenation. The optical device has an arrangement of light sources, filters and detectors to transmit excitation light within excitation wavelength ranges and to measure emitted light within detection wavelengths. Changes in scattering and absorption of light in the tissue, such as diffuse reflectance, are monitored. The light sources, filters and detectors may also be used to monitor autofluorescence in the tissue to correct autofluorescence background.

Abstract: Optical sensors, systems, and methods are described, which may be used to provide or analyze information about a subject. The optical sensor may be placed in proximity to the subject and may include optical sources and optical detectors. The optical sources may irradiate the subject with optical signals and the optical detectors can detect signals from the subject. Analysis of the detected signals can yield information about the subject.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for shaping drive pulses in a medical device. In some embodiments, signal channel characteristics introduce undesirable channel effects including signal distortions such as droop in a square wave pulse. In some embodiments, the system may shape light drive pulses to compensate for channel effects. Light drive characteristics may be determined based on, for example, modeling of components and/or iterative calibration techniques. The output of the channel may be used to determine physiological information such as blood oxygen saturation and respiration rate.

Abstract: A probe for detecting reflux in the oesophagus by detecting the level of turbidity at different points in the oesophagus. The probe consists of multiple pairs (32) of optical fibres with each pair being made up of a source optical fibre (2) and a detection optical fibre (3), a light source being attached to the source optical fibres and a light detector being attached to the detection optical fibres.

Abstract: Novel optical devices, methods and systems relating to the detection of glucose, and more particularly to real-time glucose monitoring, are disclosed herein. More particularly, various hardware and methodological means are disclosed for ratiometric correction of optical glucose measurements for artifacts of optical systems.

Abstract: The description relates to a standard for wavelength and intensity for spectrometers, particularly for calibrating and testing measurement heads in spectrometers which are usable primarily in the near infrared region (NIR) of the spectrum. The standard comprises a holder and a plate body arranged in the holder. The plate body is made of transparent plastic with high strength and dimensional stability over a large temperature range. The plastic has distinct absorption bands throughout the entire NIR range and has a chemical structure and composition ensuring an extensive moisture barrier against water absorption and water release in a reliable and stable manner over time. The plate body advantageously comprises an amorphous, transparent copolymer based on cyclic and/or linear olefins.

Abstract: A system and a method for creating a stable and reproducible interface of an optical sensor system for measuring blood glucose levels in biological tissue include a dual wedge prism sensor attached to a disposable optic that comprises a focusing lens and an optical window. The disposable optic adheres to the skin to allow a patient to take multiple readings or scans at the same location. The disposable optic includes a Petzval surface placed flush against the skin to maintain the focal point of the optical beam on the surface of the skin. Additionally, the integrity of the sensor signal is maximized by varying the rotation rates of the dual wedge prisms over time in relation to the depth scan rate of the sensor. Optimally, a medium may be injected between the disposable and the skin to match the respective refractive indices and optimize the signal collection of the sensor.

Abstract: A system and method of tracking activity includes a motion sensor, a light source and a light detector. The light detector is configured to capture an amount of the light that is reflected back to the light detector, at least a first portion of the light reflected back to the light detector is reflected from a blood vessel disposed under a skin of a user when the user places the skin over the heart rate monitor location on the housing. A processor is in communication with the motion sensor and the light detector and can process the reflected light to identify heart beats of the user and produce an indication of a heart rate. The indication of the heart rate can be displayed on the display screen as an option, in addition to the metrics that quantify the motion data.

Abstract: A probe includes: light emitting and receiving sections; an attachment band including a first surface facing the living tissue and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a part of the first surface in which one of a hook portion and a loop portion is provided, a part of the second surface in which the other is provided, the attachment band to be wrapped around the living tissue to engage the hook and loop portions with each other; and a compressible member attached to the first surface, being in contact with the living tissue when the attachment band is attached to the living tissue, the compressible member which is larger in width than the attachment band and ends of which extend beyond ends of the attachment band.

Abstract: An image of a target portion is captured while first light beams are applied thereto. Thereby, a first image signal is obtained. The first light beams are in a wavelength range in which an absorption coefficient varies in accordance with a change in oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in blood. An image of the target portion is captured while second light beams in a broadband wavelength range are applied thereto. Thereby, second and third image signals are obtained. Oxygen saturation is calculated from the first to third image signals. Reliability of the oxygen saturation is calculated from one of the first to third image signals. Color difference signals each corresponding to the oxygen saturation is obtained from a color table. Each of the color difference signals is corrected in accordance with the reliability. An oxygen saturation image is generated based on corrected color difference signals and displayed.

Abstract: A clip includes a first passage, a second passage, and a body. The first passage receives a tube that delivers an intravascular fluid in Animalia tissue. The second passage receives a cable of a sensor that aids in diagnosing at least one of infiltration and extravasation in the Animalia tissue. The body completely cinctures the first passage and includes a first cantilever arm that incompletely cinctures the second passage. A first arrangement of the body retains the cable in the second passage and a second arrangement of the body relinquishes the cable from the first arrangement.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring ganglion cells may include: a light generation unit configured to irradiate a first light signal polarized in a first direction and a second light signal polarized in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction to a subject; a reflected light processing unit configured to generate an amplification signal corresponding to an image of the subject using a first reflection signal, which is the first light signal reflected from the subject, and a second reflection signal, which is the second light signal reflected from the subject; and an image processing unit configured to measure ganglion cells in the subject using the amplification signal. The apparatus may be used to count the number of normal ganglion cells in the retina by measuring a phase difference of two lights polarized in different directions. The apparatus may also be used to monitor the progress of glaucoma.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser including a fluid reservoir and a body receiving a dispenser member that is connected to the reservoir and an actuator member for actuating the dispenser member; a dispenser and diffuser head forming a fluid dispenser orifice and an application wall for applying the fluid coming from the dispenser orifice onto the skin; a module having a source of radiation emitting monochromatic light of 400 nm to 700 nm and having anti-inflammatory action and/or a stimulating action for stimulating skin-regeneration metabolisms. The dispenser and diffuser head include a source housing and the body includes a module housing communicating with the source housing so that the source of radiation extends in the source housing of the head.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention include devices for use in determining the concentration of a tissue energy absorber (e.g., hemoglobin) in an individual's blood. In particular embodiments, the device includes a photometric device (e.g., a pulse oximeter) and an imaging device (e.g., an ultrasound imaging device or other suitable imaging device), and the device is adapted for: (A) using the photometric device to measure a change in mass of the tissue energy absorber within a particular volume of the individual's blood between a first point in time and a second point in time, the particular volume of blood being blood within a particular portion of at least one vascular structure, the vascular structure comprising at least one of the individual's vessels (e.g.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a medical sensor assembly may be configured to switch between transmission and reflectance mode. Such sensors may include multiple optical sensing components that may be activated or silent, depending on the mode in use. A practitioner may switch between modes based on the particular situation of the patient or based on the signal quality.

Abstract: A system and method for determining physiological parameters of a patient based on light transmitted through the patient. The light may be transmitted via a broadband light source and received by a detector. The light may be selectively detected at a detector. Based on material characteristic of the detector, specific wavelengths of light are detected by the detector for use in monitoring the physiological parameters of the patient.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a system and method for estimating color for pixels in an infrared image. In one embodiment, an infrared image is received which has been captured using a N-band infrared imaging system comprising a multi-spectral camera or a hyperspectral camera. The IR image is composed of an array of pixels with N intensity values having been collected for each pixel in the image. Then, for each pixel of interest, a search metric is used to search a database of vector samples to identify a visible-IR set which is closest to the intensity values of the IR band vector collected for the pixel. A visible vector representation is then estimated for the pixel based upon the visible portion corresponding to the closest visible-IR set. Thereafter, color coordinates for this pixel are computed from the visible vector. The method repeats for all pixels of interest in the IR image.

Abstract: A method for tomographic imaging of diffuse medium includes directing waves into a diffusive medium, solving a surface-bounded inversion problem by forward field calculations through decomposition of contributions from the multiple reflections from an arbitrary surface within the diffusive medium or outside the diffusive medium into a sum of different orders of reflection up to an arbitrary order, and using contact or non-contact measurements of waves outside said diffusive medium to generate a tomographic image.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for measuring tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) within the body are disclosed. A patient interface for use with a tissue measurement instrument can include a spring clip having a first arm and a second arm, a spring configured to bias the first and second arms together, and a means for optically connecting the patient interface to the tissue measurement instrument. The patient interface can be used in conjunction with an optical sourcing and receiving unit of a monitor for measuring tissue oxygen saturation at a measurement site on the patient. A testing interface on an external portion of the instrument housing and a testing module can be used to perform tests on the instrument.