Abstract: An implantable sensor includes a hydrogel, a glucose-binding protein and a reference molecule. The binding affinity of the reference molecule for glucose differs by at least a factor of ten from the binding affinity for glucose of the glucose-binding protein. At least one of the electromagnetic behavior and the fluorescent behavior of the glucose-binding protein and the reference molecule change when glucose is bound. An electrical functional adhesive bandage includes a measurement element for measuring at least one of electromagnetic properties and fluorescent properties. The bandage also includes a first communication element for wireless communication. Together, the implantable sensor, the bandage, and an evaluation device, which includes a computation unit, a display and a second communication element for wireless communication, form a kit for determining the blood sugar level in a patient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical sensor that may be implanted within a living animal (e.g., a human) and may be used to measure the concentration of an analyte in a medium within the animal. The optical sensor may wirelessly receive and may be capable of bi-directional data communication. The optical sensor may include a semiconductor substrate in which various circuit components, one or more photodectors and/or a light source may be fabricated. The circuit components fabricated in the semiconductor substrate may include a comparator, an analog to digital converter, a temperature transducer, a measurement controller, a rectifier and/or a nonvolatile storage medium. The comparator may output a signal indicative of the difference between the outputs of first and second photodetectors. The measurement controller may receive digitized temperature, photodetector and/or comparator measurements and generate measurement information, which may be wirelessly transmitted from the optical sensor.

Abstract: One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a biogenic substance concentration measuring method with improved measuring accuracy. An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring a concentration of a biogenic substance contained in a living body, the method comprises steps of preparing a measuring device, wherein the measuring device comprises a light source, an optical filter, and a light receiver; irradiating different focused lights from the light source onto a particle chip implanted in a skin though a position on the surface of the skin to generate corresponding reflected lights; calculating the concentration of the biogenic substance on the basis of the difference of signals obtained from the reflected lights.

Abstract: Devices and methods for measuring body fluid-related metric using spectrophotometry that may be used to facilitate diagnosis and therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring body fluid balance. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a device for measuring a body-tissue water content metric as a fraction of the fat-free tissue content of a patient using optical spectrophotometry. The device includes a probe housing configured to be placed near a tissue location which is being monitored; light emission optics connected to the housing and configured to direct radiation at the tissue location; light detection optics connected to the housing and configured to receive radiation from the tissue location; and a processing device configured to process radiation from the light emission optics and the light detection optics to compute the metric where the metric includes a ratio of the water content of a portion of patient's tissue in relation to the lean or fat-free content of a portion of patient's tissue.

Abstract: This invention provides devices, compositions and methods for determining the concentration of one or more metabolites or analytes in a biological sample, including cells, tissues, organs, organisms, and biological fluids. In particular, this invention provides materials, apparatuses, and methods for several non-invasive techniques for the determination of in vivo blood glucose concentration levels based upon the in vivo measurement of one or more biologically active molecules found in skin.

Abstract: Sampling is controlled in order to enhance analyte concentration estimation derived from noninvasive sampling. More particularly, sampling is controlled using controlled fluid delivery to a region between a tip of a sample probe and a tissue measurement site. The controlled fluid delivery enhances coverage of a skin sample site with the thin layer of fluid. Delivery of contact fluid is controlled in terms of spatial delivery, volume, thickness, distribution, temperature, and/or pressure.

Abstract: A system includes a light source, a photodetector in optical communication with the light source, and a processor in communication with said photodetector and configured to output a signal representing oxygen saturation independent of an interfering signal from an interfering source. The system may further include an analog-to-digital converter in communication with the processor that is configured to digitize a signal from the photodetector by oversampling and output oversampling data to the processor. The processor may include an averaging filter that averages the oversampling data received from said analog-to-digital converter prior to decimation to generate an oversampling number.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are described for providing a monitor/treatment device configured to, for example, detect hemozoin, as well as to monitor or treat a malarial infection.

Abstract: Designs, implementations, and techniques for optically measuring a sample to obtain spectral absorbance map of the sample. Light at different wavelength bands may be used to detect different absorption features in the sample. Multiple light sources may be used including tunable lasers.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus comprising an irradiating section that switches over time between irradiating a target with light in a first wavelength region and light in a second wavelength region; a light receiving section that receives returned light from the target; a movement identifying section that identifies movement of the target, based on an image of the target captured using returned light from the target irradiated by light in the first wavelength region; a control section that that predicts timings at which a phase of the movement of the target is a predetermined phase, based on the movement identified by the movement identifying section, and causes the irradiating section to emit light in the second wavelength region at the predicted timings; and an image generating section that generates an image of the target based on the returned light received by the light receiving section at the predicted timings.

Abstract: System and method to determine the heartbeat of a person by a pulse measuring device. Light waves are generated in the direction of the skin by two light sources with a first wavelength (?1) which is sensitive to the pulse beat and movement of the person, and with a different second wavelength (?2) which is sensitive to movement, wherein a photodetector detects the reflected light waves. A pulse is determined based on calculation made of at least one non-coherent power spectrum on the basis of a spectral coherence function ? which takes into account the dependence between the measurement signals relating to the first wavelength and to the second wavelength by the formula SNC=(1??2)*SAA, where SAA is the average Fourier power spectrum of the signals relating to the first wavelength, and where ?2 is between 0 and 1.

Abstract: A test strip with a sample chamber is secured to a meter. The sample chamber in the portion of the test strip that extends out of the meter is illuminated by transmitting light from a light source inside the meter internally through the test strip towards the sample chamber. By way of analogy, the test strip acts in a fashion similar to a fiber optic cable or optical wave guide by transmitting the light from the meter to the remotely located sample chamber that extends outside the meter. The user is then able to easily see the sample chamber of the test strip in dark conditions so that the user is able to readily align the sample chamber with the drop of fluid on the skin as well as view the sample chamber in order to ensure proper filling. The light also illuminates a test strip slot into which the test strip is inserted.

Abstract: A fluid handling module that is removably engageable with a bodily fluid analyzer is provided. The module may comprise a fluid handling element, and a fluid component separator that is accessible via the fluid handling element and configured to separate at least one component of a bodily fluid transported to the fluid component separator. The fluid handling element may have at least one control element interface.

Abstract: A system configured to provide feedback regarding fluid parameters in the skin and/or compartments of an individual to facilitate early diagnosis of skin wounds and compartment syndromes.

Abstract: Multi-wavelength photon density wave medical systems, methods, and devices are provided. In one embodiment, a multi-wavelength photon density wave patient monitor includes multiple light sources, a driving circuit, a fiber coupler, a sensor cable connector, a wavelength demultiplexer, detectors, and data processing circuitry. The driving circuit may modulate the light sources to produce several single-wavelength input photon density wave signals, which the fiber coupler may join into a multi-wavelength input signal. The sensor cable connector may provide this multi-wavelength input signal to a sensor attached to the patient and receive a multi-wavelength output signal. The wavelength demultiplexer may separate the multi-wavelength output signal into single-wavelength output signals for detection by the detectors.

Abstract: A biological measurement apparatus includes: an endoscope including a treatment instrument insertion channel provided inside an insertion portion; a pump that delivers water into the treatment instrument insertion channel; an optical system, etc., that guide light from a light source that emits light in a predetermined wavelength band into the water delivered into the treatment instrument insertion channel; and a spectroscope that detects return light resulting from the light passing through the water, falling on and being reflected by an object and returning while passing through the water when the water is delivered from the pump.

Abstract: A medical device system and associated method monitor tissue hemoglobin concentration. Light attenuation is measured in a volume of tissue in a patient. A value of a tissue scattering coefficient corresponding to the tissue volume in the patient is established in response to the attenuation measurement. A second derivative of the light attenuation measurement is determined. An artifact correction term is computed in response to the established tissue scattering coefficient, and a tissue hemoglobin concentration is computed using the artifact correction term and the second derivative.

Abstract: A first concentration of a chromophore corresponding to a measurement volume of an optical sensor is determined. A second concentration of the chromophore is obtained in the vicinity of the measurement volume corresponding to a change in at least one of a total concentration of the chromophore and a relative concentration of a first form of the chromophore to the total concentration of the chromophore in the measurement volume. Light remittance measurements including a first light wavelength and a second light wavelength are obtained corresponding to the first chromophore concentration and the second chromophore concentration. A coefficient for computing an index of a change in the chromophore concentration is computed using the difference between the first and second chromophore concentrations and the first and second light remittance measurements.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the presence or absence of a pulmonary embolism (PE) in a patient. The breathing gas CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) during the expiration of breathing gases by the patient, the end tidal (EtCO2), CO2 partial pressure, and the CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) of the blood are measured. The volume (V) of breathing gases expired during the expiration of breathing gases by the patient is also measured and a relationship between changes in breathing gas CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) and changes in breathing gas volume (V) in an alveolar expiration phase of patient expiration is determined. The difference between the blood CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) and the end expiration CO2 partial pressure is divided by the relationship between PCO2 and V produce a quantity which is compared to a threshold value. If the quantity is below the threshold value, the absence of a pulmonary embolism is indicated.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus includes a filter that transmits light of a predetermined wavelength; a first light receiving unit receives at least one of a first light that is output from a first light source, reflected by or transmitted through an object to be measured, and transmitted through the filter and a second light that is output from a second light source, reflected by or transmitted through the object to be measured, and transmitted through the filter, and through which a signal according to the received light travels; a second light receiving unit receives light of a different path from that received by the first light receiving unit; a difference extracting unit that obtains a difference signal between the signals traveling through the first and second light receiving units and an information generating unit that generates information of the object to be measured based on the difference signal.

Abstract: A physiological sensor includes an electrical grid to activate one or more light emitters by addressing at least one row conductor and at least one column conductor. Each light emitter includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The physiological sensor includes a first light emitter and a second light emitter. A first contact is communicatively coupled with the positive terminal of the first light emitter, the negative terminal of the second light emitter, a first row conductor, and a first column conductor. A second contact is communicatively coupled with the negative terminal of the first light emitter, the positive terminal of the second light emitter, a second row conductor, and a second column conductor. The first light emitter is activated by addressing the first row conductor and the second column conductor. The second light emitter is activated by addressing the second row conductor and the first column conductor.

Abstract: The present invention provides non-adhesive oximeter sensors for patients with sensitive skin. Sensors of the present invention include a light emitting diode (LED) and a photodetector. The LED and the photodetector may be covered by a reflective mask and a faraday shield. Sensors of the present invention have a non-adhesive laminated layer. The non-adhesive layer contacts, but does not stick to, the patient's skin. When the sensor is removed from the patient, the non-adhesive layer does not tear or irritate the patient's skin. The non-adhesive layer preferably has a large static coefficient of friction. Sensors of the present invention can also have hook-and-loop layers. The sensor can be attached to the patient's body by wrapping the sensor around the patient and engaging the hook layer to the loop layer.

Abstract: Embodiments provide sensors, such as implantable sensors, and methods of producing such sensors. An implantable sensor may include a base, one or more chambers, and one or more sensor reagents. A membrane may be coupled to the chambers over the sensor reagents. The implantable sensor may be at least partially implanted into the dermis of an animal. One or more of the sensor reagents may emit light or exhibit a color change in response to the presence of a target analyte or reaction product thereof. The response may be detected and analyzed by the user or by a reader device to determine the target analyte concentration.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a pulse band region is identified in a wavelet scalogram of a physiological signal (e.g., a plethysmograph or photoplethysmograph signal). Components of the scalogram at scales larger than the identified pulse band region are then used to determine a baseline signal in wavelet space. The baseline signal may then be used to normalize the physiological signal. Physiological information may be determined from the normalized signal. For example, oxygen saturation may be determined using a ratio of ratios or any other suitable technique.

Abstract: A method for producing a proof of the presence and/or of the availability of an entity in a site over a period that is greater than or equal to a presence threshold, the method including: successively transmitting messages, the messages being generated from a secret such that the secret may be reconstituted by having the knowledge of a given number of messages that is greater than or equal to a threshold, each message being transmitted over a transmission period whose duration is chosen such that the product of the duration of the transmission period times the threshold is substantially equal to the presence threshold; comparing the secret and a secret candidate generated from messages received by the entity; the proof being produced only if the secret and the secret candidate are equal.

Abstract: A sensor for sensing analyte concentration comprises at least two different variants of an appropriate competitive binding assay, the sensor being capable of sensing accurately a required range of analyte concentrations by means of the variants of the assay each being capable of sensing accurately a part only of the required range of analyte concentrations and the variants of the assay being chosen to sense overlapping or adjoining ranges of concentration covering the whole of the required range.

Abstract: Medical sensors configured to provide enhanced patient comfort when worn over a period of time are provided. The medical sensors may include a first padding layer and a second padding layer disposed on either side of an emitter and a detector for measuring a physiological parameter of a patient. The medical sensors may also include an island padding layer secured to a patient-facing side of the second padding layer for reducing localized pressure points that may be caused by protrusions of the sensor. Additionally or alternatively, certain edges of the sensors may be rounded and/or stepped to reduce marking on the patient's tissue and to reduce strain and shear forces produced on the patient's tissue. Still further, certain embodiments provide enhanced light transmission between the emitter and detector of the sensors.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are described for providing a monitor/treatment device configured to, for example, detect hemozoin, as well as to monitor or treat a malarial infection.

Abstract: A method for detecting cancer in a subject includes administering polysilicon mirrors to the subject, transmitting near infrared light through subject's skin, receiving light which is reflected from the polysilicon mirrors though the subject's skin, converting received light into a digital signal and calculating a level of CEA in the subject's blood from the digital signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for detecting and treating malignant tissue, organs or cells in a mammal. The method includes parenterally injecting a mammalian subject, at a locus or by a route providing access to the tissue or organ, with a composition including an antibody/fragment that is tagged with a fluorophore and a therapeutic isotope molecule, which specifically binds to the targeted organ, tissue or cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring biological information and an earphone having the same for contacting with a uniform pressure a user body part using an elastic member. The apparatus includes a first housing; a second housing foldably connected with the first housing; a third housing foldably connected with the second housing and provided with a sensor for measuring the biological information; a plurality of joint parts for connecting the housings to be folded or unfolded to each other; one or more locking parts for restraining or releasing the housings to be folded or unfolded to each other; and the elastic member for applying the same pressure to make the sensor contact with the user's body by enabling the respective housings to be folded or unfolded using a stress-strain.

Abstract: A system and method are presented for use in monitoring one or more conditions of a subject's body. The system includes a control unit which includes an input port for receiving image data, a memory utility, and a processor utility. The image data is indicative of data measured by a pixel detector array and is in the form of a sequence of speckle patterns generated by a portion of the subject's body in response to illumination thereof by coherent light according to a certain sampling time pattern. The memory utility stores one or more predetermined models, the model comprising data indicative of a relation between one or more measurable parameters and one or more conditions of the subject's body. The processor utility is configured and operable for processing the image data to determine one or more corresponding body conditions; and generating output data indicative of the corresponding body conditions.

Abstract: A device for use with a probe sensor assembly in a system for sensing a physiological parameter of a patient is provided. The device includes an adhesive layer and first and second windows. The adhesive layer includes adhesive on at least a portion thereof. The first and second windows are formed in the adhesive layer and configured to be matingly engageable with apertures of the probe sensor assembly. The first and second windows include respective first and second surfaces that engage and disengage the apertures of the probe sensor assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for the measurement of a tissue hydration value in a subject comprising a microprocessor and a sensor system having a light source and a light detector. Light is projected from the light source towards the tissue of a subject. The light projected either passes through or off of the tissues of the subject and is then received by the light detector. The light detector transmits a measurement of light intensity received by the detector to the microprocessor. The microprocessor is programmed with a tissue hydration model that utilizes the measurement of light intensity to determine the tissue hydration value for the subject.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter may reduce power consumption in the absence of overriding conditions. Various sampling mechanisms may be used individually or in combination. Various parameters may be monitored to trigger or override a reduced power consumption state. In this manner, a pulse oximeter can lower power consumption without sacrificing performance during, for example, high noise conditions or oxygen desaturations.

Abstract: Devices and methods for measuring body fluid-related metric using spectrophotometry that may be used to facilitate diagnosis and therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring body fluid balance. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a device for measuring a body-tissue water content metric as a fraction of the fat-free tissue content of a patient using optical spectrophotometry. The device includes a probe housing configured to be placed near a tissue location which is being monitored; light emission optics connected to the housing and configured to direct radiation at the tissue location; light detection optics connected to the housing and configured to receive radiation from the tissue location; and a processing device configured to process radiation from the light emission optics and the light detection optics to compute the metric where the metric includes a ratio of the water content of a portion of patient's tissue in relation to the lean or fat-free content of a portion of patient's tissue.

Abstract: Optical microneedles are adapted for near-infrared or mid-infrared in vivo spectroscopic sensing; and provide a MEMS-based spectrometer for continuous lactate and glucose monitoring by means of a near-infrared or mid-infrared optical microneedle array in a transdermal patch.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein may include systems and methods for monitoring physiological parameters of a patient. Specifically, embodiments disclose the use of a flexible circuitry in a medical sensor that is small and lightweight and easily bendable, such that it may be comfortably affixed to a patient while also providing added electronic functions, such as digital conversion and wireless capability.

Abstract: A system for determining the concentration of an analyte in at least one body fluid in body tissue comprises an infrared light source, a body tissue interface, a detector, and a central processing unit. The body tissue interface is adapted to contact body tissue and to deliver light from the infrared light source to the contacted body tissue. The detector is adapted to receive spectral information corresponding to infrared light transmitted through the portion of body tissue being analyzed and to convert the received spectral information into an electrical signal indicative of the received spectral information. The central processing unit is adapted to compare the electrical signal to an algorithm built upon correlation with the analyte in body fluid, the algorithm adapted to convert the received spectral information into the concentration of the analyte in at least one body fluid.

Abstract: A non-invasive method of determining the concentration of an analyte uses Raman or fluorescence spectral information. A high-intensity band of light is applied to one side of skin tissue. The high-intensity light enters the skin tissue and generates a Raman or fluorescence signal. A Raman-generating material or fluorescence-generating material is placed in a location nearest the other side of skin tissue. The Raman-generating or fluorescence-generating material is located generally opposite of the entry of the applied high-intensity light. The Raman or fluorescence signal is collected and the analyte concentration is determined using the collected Raman signal.

Abstract: A physiological sensor assembly includes a physiological sensor having at least one light source and at least one optical receiver. A substantially transparent barrier layer is disposed between the physiological sensor and the patient's skin such that the barrier layer is removably adhered to the physiological sensor and removably adhered to the patient's skin.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a non-contact thermometer determines a temperature of a subject from a carotid source point of the subject.

Abstract: An implantable diagnostic device in accordance with the present disclosure provides various benefits such as a compact size thereby allowing implanting of the device inside animate objects; low cost due to incorporation of inexpensive detection circuitry and the use of conventional IC fabrication techniques; re-usability by heating thereby allowing multiple diagnostic tests to be performed without discarding the device; and a configuration that allows performing of simultaneous and/or sequential diagnostic tests for detecting one or more similar or dissimilar target molecules concurrently or at different times.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses, systems, and methods for real-time measuring of analytes in a biological fluid sample of a subject. In particular, the present invention provides a combination of micro-dialysis catheter, a micro-volume pump, and a spectrometer device that are operatively connected to one another to provide real-time measurement of analytes in a biological fluid sample of a subject.

Abstract: Systems and methods of use for continuous analyte measurement of a host's vascular system are provided. In some embodiments, a continuous glucose measurement system includes a vascular access device, a sensor and sensor electronics, the system being configured for insertion into communication with a host's circulatory system.

Abstract: The disclosure includes pulse oximetry systems and methods for determining point-by-point saturation values by encoding photoplethysmographs in the complex domain and processing the complex signals. The systems filter motion artifacts and other noise using a variety of techniques, including statistical analysis such as correlation, or phase filtering.

Abstract: A method and device for processing mammalian adipose tissue such that the vascular rich fraction is separated from the vascular poor fraction, Mammalian adipose tissue in the form of morselated surgical biopsies and/or lipoaspirate from liposuction is placed within a novel syringe attached to a detection device measuring either color, light saturation, infra-red light, heme, iron or oxygen saturation. This process involves no label and minimal manipulation and handling of the tissue. This process and device may also be used intra-operatively under sterile conditions for immediate use within the same individual receiving liposuction or surgery.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of monitoring a vital parameter of a patient by measuring attenuation of light emitted onto tissue of the patient, comprising the following steps: modulating the light with a modulation frequency or/and a modulation code; emitting the modulated light onto the tissue of the patient; collecting light which is transmitted through the tissue or/and which is reflected from the tissue; demodulating the collected light; analyzing the demodulated collected light with regard to interference with ambient light; determining a modulation frequency or/and a modulation code for which interference with the ambient light is minimized or falls under a predefined threshold; and setting the modulation frequency or/and the modulation code for modulating the light according to the determined modulation frequency or/and a modulation code for which interference with the ambient light is minimized or falls under a predefined threshold.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a physiological parameter in a patient are provided. In certain embodiments, a system can include an analyte detection system configured to measure first analyte data in a fluid sample received from a patient, a medical sensor configured to measure second analyte data in the patient, and a processor configured to receive the first analyte data and the second analyte data and to determine a physiological parameter based at least in part on the first analyte data and the second analyte data. In certain such embodiments, the medical sensor may be a pulse oximeter, and the physiological parameter may include a cardiovascular parameter including, for example, cardiac output.

Abstract: The invention features a vital sign monitor that includes: 1) a hardware control component featuring a microprocessor that operates an interactive, icon-driven GUI on an LCD; and, 2) a sensor component that connects to the control component through a shielded coaxial cable. The sensor features: 1) an optical component that generates a first signal; 2) a plurality electrical components (e.g. electrodes) that generate a second signal; and, 3) an acoustic component that generates a third signal. The microprocessor runs compiled computer code that operates: 1) the touch panel LCD; 2) a graphical user interface that includes multiple icons corresponding to different software operations; 3) a file-management system for storing and retrieving vital sign information; and 4) USB and short-range wireless systems for transferring data to and from the device to a PC.