Abstract: A system configured to provide feedback regarding fluid parameters in the skin and/or compartments of an individual to facilitate early diagnosis of skin wounds and compartment syndromes.

Abstract: A medical device for sensing cardiac events that includes a plurality of light sources capable of emitting light at a plurality of wavelengths, and a detector to detect the emitted light. A processor generates an ambient light measurement in response to ambient light detected by the detector, generates a plurality of light measurements in response to the emitted light detected by the detector, and adjusts the plurality of light measurements in response to the ambient light measurement.

Abstract: An implantable medical device system including an optical sensor monitors for the presence of overgrowth on the sensor by sensing light scattered by a measurement volume, the sensed light corresponding to a first wavelength, and deriving an overgrowth metric in response to the sensed light. The overgrowth metric is correlated to the presence of overgrowth on the sensor and is compared to a predetermined threshold. The presence of overgrowth on or near the sensor is detected in response to the overgrowth metric crossing the threshold.

Abstract: A method of measuring skin moisture content, the method including: measuring a differential rate of a skin impedance of a predetermined skin area of a user for a predetermined period of time; and determining that the skin area is a moist area when the differential rate of skin impedance is greater than or equal to a predetermined value for a predetermined period of time, and determining that the skin area is a dry area when the differential rate of skin impedance is less than the predetermined value for the predetermined period of time.

Abstract: An optical fiber setting adequacy evaluation unit is disclosed for evaluating a setting adequacy on a body surface in an inspection area of irradiation use optical fibers. The evaluation unit can also be used for setting the accuracy of light receiving use optical fibers at both ends of respective measurement channels in an optical measurement apparatus for living body. The evaluation unit evaluates the setting adequacy on the body surface of a subject of the irradiation use optical fibers or of light receiving use optical fibers for the respective measurement channels. The evaluation is performed based on pulse wave intensities of the respective measurement channels calculated by a pulse wave calculation unit. The pulse wave calculation unit calculates intensities of the pulse wave due to heartbeats of a subject contained in hemoglobin signals of the respective measurement channels calculated by a hemoglobin signal calculation unit.

Abstract: A system for determining the concentration of an analyte in at least one body fluid in body tissue comprises an infrared light source, a body tissue interface, a detector, and a central processing unit. The body tissue interface is adapted to contact body tissue and to deliver light from the infrared light source to the contacted body tissue. The detector is adapted to receive spectral information corresponding to infrared light transmitted through the portion of body tissue being analyzed and to convert the received spectral information into an electrical signal indicative of the received spectral information. The central processing unit is adapted to compare the electrical signal to an algorithm built upon correlation with the analyte in body fluid, the algorithm adapted to convert the received spectral information into the concentration of the analyte in at least one body fluid.

Abstract: A sensor is described for optically determining the concentration of an analyte in a body fluid. This sensor comprises a needle arrangement which has at least one hollow needle having a hollow space extending from the distal end to the proximal end, the distal end of which is suitable for lancing. The proximal end of the needle opens into a chamber in which liquid that enters through the distal end of the needle can be collected. A window which is at least partially permeable to infrared radiation is in direct contact with the chamber.

Abstract: Needles are widely used in interventional radiology. Each medical application requires a specific needle type. The same holds for the photonic needles which analysis depends on the type of application the clinician aims for. Therefore, it is relevant to have the X-ray machine recognize the type of needle that is being used and to load the required software for the tissue analysis. It is therefore proposed to have a data link established between the imaging modality used for the acquisition of the patient anatomy (X-ray, CT, MR or US) and the system that processes optical data from the needle, so that the information from this imaging modality can be used to guide the processing. In a preferred embodiment the selection is made by reading out the code present in the disposable needle when it is connected to the console.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a system and method for diagnosing biological samples that combines the visual staining features familiar to pathologists with the accurate, reliable, and nondestructive capabilities of Raman chemical imaging. The invention disclosed herein may be applied to diagnose lung cancer samples. A method may comprise illuminating a biological sample to generate interacted photons, filtering said interacted photons using a tunable filter, and detecting interacted photons to generate a test Raman data set representative of said sample. The method may further comprise applying at least one chemometric technique and/or a digital stain to said test Raman data set. This test Raman data set may be analyzed to diagnose said sample as comprising at least one of: adenocarcinoma, mesothelioma, and combinations thereof. A system may comprise an illumination source, a tunable filter, and a detector configured to generate a test Raman data set representative of a biological sample.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus measure blood oxygenation in a subject. A light source is activated to cause a first emission at a first wavelength and a second emission at a second wavelength. A detector detects a composite signal indicative of an attenuation of the first and second wavelengths by tissue of a patient. The composite signal is demodulated into a first intensity signal and a second intensity signal. Blood oxygenation in the subject is determined from the first and second intensity signals. In one embodiment, demodulation is based at least in part on a period when at least one of the wavelengths is not activated. In one embodiment, a modulation of the first and second wavelengths is determined in order to avoid frequencies of ambient noise. In one embodiment, the composite signal's sampling rate is reduced before and/or after demodulation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing data communication in medical systems are disclosed.

Abstract: The present system and method for simulating particles and waves is useful for calculations involving nuclear and full spectrum radiation transport, quantum particle transport, plasma transport and charged particle transport. The invention provides a mechanism for creating accurate invariants for embedding in general three-dimensional problems and describes means by which a series of simple single collision interaction finite elements can be extended to formulate a complex multi-collision finite element.

Abstract: A small-size optical rotation measuring device for detecting an organism, a tissue, blood, or molecules having rotatory power and determining the content thereof with high accuracy and an optical rotation measuring method for detecting an organism, a tissue, blood, or molecules having rotatory power and determining the content thereof with high accuracy. A nonreciprocal optical system is disposed in a loop optical path of a ring optical interferometer, and thereby light beams of circularly polarized modes orthogonal to each other are propagated in opposite directions through a sample to be measured. The wavelength of the light beams from a light source is in a wavelength region where the loss by the nonreciprocal optical element is low. A signal processing technique for phase-modulation optical fiber gyro having the highest resolution among ring interferometers is applied.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that includes a light-emitting component, a light-detecting component, a lock-in amplifier, a frequency generator that is operatively linked to the lock-in amplifier and the light-emitting component, a speaker capable of emitting an audio signal wherein the output audio signal varies depending on the detected fluorescence in the sample, and a visible output of relative fluorescent intensity where the visible output varies depending on the detected fluorescence in the sample. The apparatus may also include a laser that is operatively coupled to the lock-in amplifier through a control switch, and focusing lens or an additional type of filter such as an interference filter, a short-pass filter, a notch filter, a long-pass filter or an infrared filter. The apparatus may be used to identify and/or to remove fluorescent or non-fluorescent material from a sample. Associated methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for a non-invasive sensing of biological analytes in a sample includes an optics system having at least one radiation source and at least one radiation detector; a measurement system operatively coupled to the optics system; a control/processing system operatively coupled to the measurement system and having an embedded software system; a user interface/peripheral system operatively coupled to the control/processing system for providing user interaction with the control/processing system; and a power supply system operatively coupled to the measurement system, the control/processing system and the user interface system for providing power to each of the systems. The embedded software system of the control/processing system processes signals obtained from the measurement system to determine a concentration of the biological analytes in the sample.

Abstract: A livestock management system according to the embodiment includes an RTLS tag attached to a livestock to transmit analysis information of a blood gathered from the livestock and ID information dedicated for the RTLS tag, a reader transmitting the analysis information and ID information transmitted thereto from the RTLS tag to a server and transmitting a distance value with respect to the RTLS tag to the server upon a request of the server, and the server calculating a position of the livestock having the RTLS tag based on the distance value transmitted thereto from the reader and transmitting position information of the livestock and the analysis information of the blood to a client according to the position of the livestock.

Abstract: A method of real-time imaging of dissolved oxygen concentration, comprising adding an oxygen-quenched phosphorescent composition to a sample, exciting phosphorescence in the composition by illuminating the sample with pulses of light, detecting phosphorescence intensity as a function of position in the sample at first and second times following exciting pulses of light, determining oxygen concentration from the phosphorescence detected at the first and second times, generating an image of the oxygen concentration as a function of position, and repeating the exciting, detecting, determining, and image generating steps to produce a series of images showing the oxygen concentration varying over time.

Abstract: An optical biological information measuring apparatus includes a measuring surface to be placed on the surface of a living body, a mark display section which displays a mark at a region to be measured on the surface of the living body, a light-emitting section which irradiates the living body with light of a predetermined wavelength and a light-receiving section which receives light irradiated onto the living body and returned from the living body, and measures information on the living body based on the received light. The optical biological information measuring apparatus is capable of measuring biological information with improved alignment accuracy.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems, devices, and/or methods for assessing body fluid-related metrics and/or changes therein. The disclosure further provides systems, devices, and/or methods for correlating body fluid-related metrics in a particular tissue with the corresponding whole-body metric. The disclosure also provides, systems, devices, and/or methods for assessment of such metrics to facilitate diagnosis and/or therapeutic interventions related to maintaining and/or restoring body fluid balance.

Abstract: The presence of a cardiac pulse in a patient is determined by evaluating physiological signals in the patient. In one embodiment, a medical device evaluates optical characteristics of light transmitted into a patient to ascertain physiological signals, such as pulsatile changes in general blood volume proximate a light detector module. Using these features, the medical device determines whether a cardiac pulse is present in the patient. The medical device may also be configured to report whether the patient is in a VF, VT, asystole, or PEA condition, in addition to being in a pulseless condition, and prompt different therapies, such as chest compressions, rescue breathing, defibrillation, and PEA-specific electrotherapy, depending on the analysis of the physiological signals. Auto-capture of a cardiac pulse using pacing stimuli is further provided.

Abstract: An extracorporeal blood chamber for an optical blood monitoring system includes an opaque chamber body in order to prevent inaccuracies when measuring oxygen saturation levels due to light ducting, which can occur at low oxygen saturation levels and low hematocrit levels. In one embodiment, the blood chamber need not include a moat as is present in conventional blood chambers.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided, including a support (21) configured to be implanted within a body of a subject and a sampling region (30, 1430) coupled to the support (21). The apparatus is configured to passively allow passage through the sampling region (30, 1430) of at least a portion of fluid from the subject. The apparatus also includes an optical measuring device in optical communication with the sampling region (30, 1430). The optical measuring device comprises at least one light source (40) configured to transmit light through at least a portion of the fluid, and at least one sensor (42) configured to measure a parameter of the fluid by detecting light passing through the fluid. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus suitable for determining properties of in vivo tissue from spectral information collected from various tissue sites. An illumination system provides light at a plurality of broadband ranges, which are communicated to an optical probe. The optical probe can be a flexible probe in some embodiments, allowing ease of application. Light homogenizers and mode scramblers can be employed to improve the performance in some embodiments. The optical probe in some embodiments physically contacts the tissue, and in some embodiments does not physically contact the tissue. The optical probe receives light from the illumination system and transmits it to tissue, and receives light diffusely reflected in response to the broadband light, emitted from the in vivo tissue by fluorescence thereof in response to the broadband light, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A hydration and composition measurement device and technique that in one embodiment includes a microcontroller; a phase lock loop frequency synthesizer controlled by the microcontroller to generate radio frequencies; a cavity for use in resonating at a set of frequencies; a radio frequency power detector for measuring perturbed cavity resonance; and an analyzer. The hydration and composition measurement device may further include a circulator, which receives frequencies from the phase lock loop frequency synthesizer, and an antenna connected to the circulator and cavity. The cavity may be defined by a metallic material or members, and the cavity includes a hole configured to provide access of tissue to be tested to the cavity.

Abstract: A non-invasive analyte monitoring instrument has a radiation source for directing excitation radiation to a portion of a surface of a tissue wherein said source emits radiation at a plurality of different wavelengths that excites a target in said tissue causing said target to emit radiation such that the radiation received at the surface provides an analyte level indication of the patient. A radiation detector positioned to receive radiation emitted from the surface wherein said radiation detector is configured to synchronously scan radiation emitted by the target with the excitation radiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a correlation technique for analysis of changes in bodily fluid and/or tissue in order to identify or monitor appearance, progression or treatment of a disease or condition in a subject. The disclosed method involves measuring spectral properties or changes in bodily fluid and/or tissue of a subject using at least two optical techniques; and correlating the measured properties or changes to a corresponding clinical condition or change in clinical condition, respectively. The measure of spectral changes over time can be used as indicators of changes in the clinical condition, for example, in disease treatment and/or disease regulation. This method is particularly useful for identifying a disease state and for monitoring efficacies of therapies used to treat different diseases or disorders, for example, renal dialysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a probe and a method for use with a probe, which produces signals indicative of the light absorption of arterial blood at least at a first light wave-length and at a second light wavelength. In order to indicate if the probe is not properly attached to a tissue site the method comprises measuring with at a third wave-length. The third wavelength is chosen so that human tissue is less transparent than at the first and second wavelengths.

Abstract: A method and system for noninvasive monitoring of at least one parameter of a region of interest in a human body. The system comprises a measurement unit and a control unit. The measurement unit comprises an optical unit having an illumination assembly (101A) and a light detection assembly (101B) to generate measured data indicative of collected light; and an acoustic unit (110) configured to generate acoustic waves of a predetermined ultrasound frequency range. The measurement unit provides an operating condition such that the acoustic waves overlap with an illuminating region within the region of interest and substantially do not overlap outside the region of interest. The measured data is indicative of scattered light having both ultrasound tagged and untagged light portions, enabling to distinguish between light responses of the region of interest and the region outside the region of interest.

Abstract: A miniaturized spectrometer is adapted for placement within a body near tissue to be characterized. The spectrometer includes a light source and a plurality of light detectors. The light source generates light to illuminate the tissue. The detectors detect optical signals from the illuminated tissue and convert these optical signals to electrical signals. The miniaturized spectrometer can be disposed at the distal end of an interventional device. Optical conduits, such as fiber optic cables or strands, extending the length of the interventional device are not required when the miniature spectrometer is employed.

Abstract: The invention comprises an elongated device adapted for insertion, including self-insertion, through the body, especially the skull. The device has at least one effector or sensor and is configured to permit implantation of multiple functional components through a single entry site into the skull by directing the components at different angles. The device may be used to provide electrical, magnetic, and other stimulation therapy to a patient's brain. The lengths of the effectors, sensors, and other components may completely traverse skull thickness (at a diagonal angle) to barely protrude through to the brain's cortex. The components may directly contact the brain's cortex, but from there their signals can be directed to targets deeper within the brain. Effector lengths are directly proportional to their battery size and ability to store charge. Therefore, longer angled electrode effectors not limited by skull thickness permit longer-lasting batteries which expand treatment options.

Abstract: A physiological sensor includes an electrical grid to activate one or more light emitters by addressing at least one row conductor and at least one column conductor. Each light emitter includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The physiological sensor includes a first light emitter and a second light emitter. A first contact is communicatively coupled with the positive terminal of the first light emitter, the negative terminal of the second light emitter, a first row conductor, and a first column conductor. A second contact is communicatively coupled with the negative terminal of the first light emitter, the positive terminal of the second light emitter, a second row conductor, and a second column conductor. The first light emitter is activated by addressing the first row conductor and the second column conductor. The second light emitter is activated by addressing the second row conductor and the first column conductor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a non-invasive and continuous biomedical detections and non-invasive and continuous monitoring methods and devices for extracting and analyzing interstitial fluid extracted non-invasively and continuously from the skin of a subject comprising non-invasively electroporating the skin using a non pulsed voltage in combination with a pulsed voltage and applying negative pressure

Abstract: An implantable device for monitoring physiological changes in an organism is disclosed. The device includes a matrix positioned proximate a biological material of the organism, an irradiation device associated with the matrix for exposing the biological material to radiation, and a sensor device associated with the matrix for detecting a response of the biological material to the irradiation. The response can be used to remotely detect a characteristic of the biological material.

Abstract: A system for adjusting power employed by a medical device incorporating light emitting devices and being used for measuring patient medical parameters, includes a plurality of light emitting devices. A power unit is coupled to the light emitting devices and powers the light emitting devices responsive to respective control signals which determine power to be applied to the light emitting devices. A control unit for provides the control signals and is coupled to the power unit. The control signals intermittently turn off at least one of the plurality of light emitting devices in a power save mode in response to a determination that a patient medical parameter value measured by the medical device, using an active light emitting device of the plurality of light emitting devices, is at a safe level.

Abstract: A process, apparatus, and method for computerized detection, tracking, and feedback control of nutritional supplements in an animal, including humans relies on Raman scattering effects on skin or other tissues to determine the content of carotenoids or other nutrients as evidenced in that skin. Serum levels of nutrients may vary dramatically with time, but skin tissues may average such nutrition over time. Skin and other tissues may be scanned with light to produce accurate measurements of carotenoids or other nutrients accumulated in the skin based on the Raman scattering affect of those nutrients in the skin. A score can be derived from a properly calibrated bio-photonic scanner to reflect an averaged effective uptake of the detected nutrient (e.g. such as the carotenoid example).

Abstract: A system configured to provide feedback regarding fluid parameters in the skin and/or compartments of an individual to facilitate early diagnosis of skin wounds and compartment syndromes.

Abstract: An initialization module in a pulse oximeter accommodates a variety of different probes and a variety of operating parameters as well as providing for interrogation of various probe circuits for detection of probe faults. Probe fault detection for the red and infrared LED circuits of the probe is implemented using an adaptive algorithm that is dependent on the drive settings or signals applied to the LED circuits. A configurable circuit is used to provide multiple initialization values relating to a calibration circuit of the probe for improved fault detection. Additionally, potential faults with respect to the photodetector circuit of a probe are identified based on monitoring drawn by an output by the photodetector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a living body measurement apparatus including: a first light source placed on the surface of the skin in a living body and radiating a first light in a visible light wavelength range onto the surface of the skin; a second light source placed on the surface of the skin and radiating a second light in a near-infrared wavelength range onto the surface of the skin; an optical detector placed on the surface of the skin at a predetermined distance from the first and second light sources to detect, as an electric signal, first or second detection light penetrating up through the skin and inputted thereto among the radiated first or second light; and a controller for sequentially driving the first and second light sources.

Abstract: A method for determining multiplex biomarker algorithms based on optical, physical and/or electromagnetic patterns, and applying the multiplex biomarker algorithms so as to provide a single diagnostic result indicative of a medical condition, the method comprising: measuring multiple physical, electromagnetic or optical patterns in the setting of experimentally induced or clinically occurring disease using at least one of physical, electromagnetic and optical sensors; using known mathematical or machine learning algorithms to compile the measured parameters, or their signal transformed versions, into a uniplex scale or index using a clinical classifier, such that the uniplex scale or index has better clinical performance in identifying a medical condition than any of the input parameters individually; optimizing the algorithm iteratively using additional clinical data sets and inputting patient characteristics and laboratory derived measurements; using the uniplex scale or index to identify a medical condi

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting venous pulsation are provided. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present technique, there is provided a method for detecting venous pulsation, including acquiring a first signal corresponding to absorption at a first near-infrared wavelength, acquiring a second signal corresponding to absorption at a second near-infrared wavelength, deriving an offset metric from the first and second signals, and detecting the presence of venous pulsation based on the offset metric. The method further includes correcting calculations of physiological parameters such as, for example, blood oxygen saturation, when venous pulsation is detected.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring concentration of a biological substance contained in a living body in which deterioration of the accuracy due to the reflected light and the interruption component is suppressed. Linear-polarized light is emitted to a particle chip implanted in the skin with modulating its modulating direction continuously. A surface enhanced Raman scattering light of the biological substance generated on the particle chip. A concentration of the biological substance is calculated based on the received signal. The receiving signal satisfy the following equation (III). [Math.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods including a probe device for monitoring a parameter of a region of interest in a human body. A support structure of the device carries an arrangement of light output ports of a light source assembly, light input ports of a light detection assembly, and an acoustic output port of an acoustic unit. The arrangement is such as to enable selection of a light output port, a light input port, and an acoustic output port for an operating condition at which, acoustic waves from the acoustic output port and illuminating light from the light output port overlap in a region within the region of interest in the body thereby inducing tagging of light by the acoustic waves, and the light input port collects light scattered from the overlapping region and light scattered from outside the region of interest. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining where to locate a measuring device (3) on skin, the apparatus having a muscle tension sensing device (1) arranged to sense muscle tension at different locations on the skin, and a processor (2) for determining and outputting an indication of where to locate the measuring device on the muscle, based on the sensed muscle tensions. This can help make the skin measurements such as non invasive glucose measurements more consistent, and more accurate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a sensor for facilitating detection of a physiological characteristic of a patient. Specifically, one embodiment includes a detector configured to obtain signals from the patient, the signals being indicative of the physiological characteristic and to send the signals to a monitor, and a sensor memory coupled with the sensor and separate from the monitor, the sensor memory storing patient physiological data derived by the monitor from the signals, the patient physiological data being indicative of the physiological characteristic.

Abstract: A simple calibration method for calibrating an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using near-infrared spectral spectroscopy is realized. The calibration method comprises (1) the step of measuring a specific substance of a biological object with the use of an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using a confocal optical system, (2) the step of using an instrument for measuring a biogenic substance, using near-infrared spectral spectroscopy, thereby measuring a specific substance in the same region of the biological object, (3) the step of comparing a measured value of the specific substance, measured in the step (1) with a measured value of the specific substance, measured in the step, and (4) the step of executing an operation in the step at least once after the elapse of predetermined time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diagnostic measuring device for non-invasively collecting at least one physiological parameter of body tissue by way of an optical measuring unit (100), comprising at least one source of radiation (4) for irradiating the body tissue to be examined, and at least one radiation sensor (5) for detecting the radiation scattered and/or transmitted by the body tissue. The invention proposes the arrangement of the at least one source of radiation (4, 702) within a hollow reflector (701).

Abstract: Techniques are provided for the self-calibration of an implantable blood oxygen saturation sensor. In one example, the pacemaker tracks respiration rate, patient activity level and the degree of pulmonary edema with the patient. The pacemaker identifies periods of time when three conditions are met: the respiration rate is normal, activity is minimal and the degree of pulmonary edema is also minimal. The pacemaker then calibrates the oxygen saturation sensor based on sensor output values detected only when all three conditions are met. By calibrating the sensor only during periods of time when all three conditions are all met, the calibration logic can thereby assume that actual saturation levels within the patient are at a maximum and that any deviation from that maximum is due to changes in blood cell fixation, tissue overgrowth, or other factors unrelated to actual oxygen saturation levels.

Abstract: A photobiological measuring device has a computing unit generating an unwanted component removal observation signal by removing the signal corresponding to the unwanted component from an observation signal.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention relates to a process for intra-operatively providing anatomical guidance in endocrine surgery. In one embodiment, the process includes the steps of illuminating tissues in the neck area of a living subject with a beam of light having a predetermined wavelength, obtaining Raman data from light scattered from the illuminated tissues, finding Raman signatures corresponding to thyroid or parathyroid tissues from the obtained Raman data, and identifying the thyroid or parathyroid tissues from the corresponding Raman signatures.

Abstract: A system and method of standardizing modular probe housings so that the standardized probe housings may be incorporated into probes adapted to work with at least one of a multiplicity of manufacturers' oximeters. The probe housings are adapted to matingly engage at least a disposable bandage apparatus and a reusable finger attachment device. A pulse oximeter system comprises a finger attachment device having first and second probe couplers, the first and second probe couplers are configured to be matingly engageable with probe housings of a pulse oximeter probe.