Abstract: A CO2 reforming catalyst may include at least one catalyst metal supported in a porous carrier. The at least one catalyst metal may include a transition metal (e.g., Ni, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ag, Cu, Zn, and/or Pd). Each particle of the at least one catalyst metal may be bound with the porous carrier in a form of an alloy. The porous carrier may form a rod-shaped protruding portion around the catalyst metal particle.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a plurality of catalyst gauzes that are arranged in series is provided. Each catalyst gauze is made of a first noble-metal-containing wire and a second noble-metal-containing wire which is embedded in the catalyst gauze and which gives the catalyst gauze a preferential direction. The catalyst gauzes according to the invention are arranged in series such that the angles between the preferential directions of neighboring catalyst gauzes ranges from 0° to 180°. The catalyst ensures a product yield that is reproducible over time and has a long service life.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a plurality of catalyst gauzes that are arranged in series is provided. Each catalyst gauze is made of a first noble-metal-containing wire and a second noble-metal-containing wire which is embedded in the catalyst gauze and which gives the catalyst gauze a preferential direction. The catalyst gauzes according to the invention are arranged in series such that the angles between the preferential directions of neighboring catalyst gauzes are between 0° and 180°. The catalyst ensures a product yield that is reproducible over time and has a long service life.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to the processing of hydrocarbon-containing feedstreams in the presence of an interstitial metal hydride comprising a surface, with a metal oxide integrally synthesized and providing a coating on the surface of the interstitial metal hydride. The catalysts and processes of the present invention can improve overall hydrogenation, product conversion, as well as sulfur and nitrogen reduction in hydrocarbon feedstreams.

Abstract: A method for treating a catalyst base that comprises a contact area of porous material. A fluid, such as a flue gas stream, can be conducted along the contact area. A catalytically relevant substance is introduced into pores of the catalyst base using a transport fluid and remains on pore wall areas after removal of the transport fluid. The introduction is carried out such that an amount of the catalytically relevant substance relative to the surface remains on the pore wall areas as a function of location within the pore and decreases within the pore after exceeding a specific pore depth. A blocking fluid can first be introduced into pore regions beyond the specific pore depth, thus blocking these regions when transport fluid containing the catalytically relevant substance is introduced.

Abstract: A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex including: a mesoporous metal oxide; and a catalyst metal supported on the mesoporous metal oxide, wherein the catalyst on the mesoporous metal oxide has a degree of dispersion of about 30 to about 90 percent.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, a method of preparing the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, and a fuel cell including the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst includes an oxide support as well as a nickel active catalyst layer, a metal oxide, an alkali metal supported by the oxide support.

Abstract: Multilayer substrates for the growth and/or support of CNT arrays are provided. These multilayer substrates both promote the growth of dense vertically aligned CNT arrays and provide excellent adhesion between the CNTs and metal surfaces. Carbon nanotube arrays formed using multilayer substrates, which exhibit high thermal conductivity and excellent durability, are also provided. These arrays can be used as thermal interface materials.

Abstract: Methods for the rapid synthesis of catalyst are provided, as well as catalyst formed from such methods. One method of the rapid synthesis of catalyst comprises forming a homogenous solution comprising a precious metal precursor and a catalyst substrate, reducing the precious metal precursor to precious metal nanoparticles, and depositing the precious metal nanoparticles onto the catalyst substrate to form catalyst particles. The reducing and depositing steps comprise controlling a rate of increase in temperature of the solution with microwave irradiation until the solution is a predetermined temperature and maintaining the solution at the predetermined temperature with microwave irradiation. The method further comprises detecting completion of the reduction and deposition and ceasing microwave irradiation upon detection.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a catalyst assembly includes a substrate including a substrate base and a number of substrate hairs extending longitudinally from the substrate base, the substrate base including a metal M, the number of substrate hairs including an oxide of the metal M; and a catalyst film contacting at least a portion of the substrate.

Abstract: A monomer is added to a solvent containing metal salt and porous support materials and the solvent is stirred for a period of time to distribute and fix the metal in the pores of the support materials. The solids that are dispersed in the solvent are then separated from the liquid, dried and calcined to form heterogeneous catalysts. The monomer that is added is of a type that can be polymerized in the solvent to form oligomers or polymers, or both. When forming heterogeneous catalysts containing platinum, acrylic acid is selected as the preferred monomer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of ultralow loading catalyst. Also disclosed are membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells utilizing the ultralow loading catalyst. One embodiment of an ultralow loading catalyst includes support particles comprised of a non-precious metal catalyst material and precious metal particles supported on the support particles.

Abstract: A metal compound catalyst is formed by vaporizing a quantity of catalyst material and a quantity of carrier thereby forming a vapor cloud, exposing the vapor cloud to a co-reactant and quenching the vapor cloud. The nanoparticles are impregnated onto supports. The supports are able to be used in existing heterogeneous catalysis systems. A system for forming metal compound catalysts comprises means for vaporizing a quantity of catalyst material and a quantity of carrier, quenching the resulting vapor cloud, forming precipitate nanoparticles comprising a portion of catalyst material and a portion of carrier, and subjecting the nanoparticles to a co-reactant. The system further comprises means for impregnating the of supports with the nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a composition comprising a nanostructured transition metal oxide capable of oxidizing two H2O molecules to obtain four protons. In some embodiments of the invention, the composition further comprises a porous matrix wherein the nanocluster of the transition metal oxide is embedded on and/or in the porous matrix.

Abstract: A CO2 reforming catalyst composition includes a hydroxyl group-containing porous oxide, and a composite porous catalyst supported by a porous supporter. The composite porous catalyst includes a catalyst metal.

Abstract: A eutectic supported catalyst system is used in catalyzed chemical reactions. A metal catalyst particle is supported in a eutectic medium. The system may have a) a eutectic composition of at least two metals forming the eutectic composition; and b) metal catalyst particles, preferably of nanometer dimensions, such as from 0.5 to 50 nm. The particles are dispersed throughout the eutectic composition when the eutectic composition is solid, and the particles are dispersed or suspended throughout the eutectic composition when the eutectic composition is in liquid form. At least one metal of the eutectic may comprises lead and a metal in the metal catalyst is a different metal then the metals in the eutectic. The eutectic may be in a liquid state and the metal catalyst particles may be in an equilibrium state within the eutectic.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preventing metal catalyst particles supported on a support and formed of a catalytically active metal or metal-containing alloy from coarsening, the method comprising: dispersing an anti-coarsening compound having a coarsening temperature higher than that of the metal catalyst, in at least one region selected from the group consisting of interstitial spaces among the metal catalyst particles and contact sites between the support and the metal catalyst particles. The electrode catalyst is structurally stable while not causing degradation of electrochemical quality, and thus can improve the longevity properties of a fuel cell.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst is constituted by: noble metal particles (1); first compounds (2) which support the noble metal particles (1); second compounds (3) different in type from the first compounds (2); and oxides (4) which surround the noble metal particles (1), the first compounds (2) and the second compounds (3). A median diameter of the first compounds (2) and a median diameter of the second compounds (3) satisfy a relationship of a following inequality: median diameter of first compounds<median diameter of second compounds.

Abstract: A catalyst of one or more complex oxides having a nominal composition as set out in formula (1): AxB1-y-zMyPzOn (1) wherein A is selected from one or more group III elements including the lanthanide elements or one or more divalent or monovalent cations; B is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 22 to 24, 40 to 42 and 72 to 75; M is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 25 to 30; P is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 44 to 50 and 76 to 83; x is defined as a number where 0<x?1; y is defined as a number where 0?y<0.5; and z is defined as a number where 0<z<0.2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing micro-nano combined active systems in which nanoparticles of a first component are bonded to microparticles of a second component, comprising the following steps: (a) producing a low-ligand colloidal suspension containing nanoparticles of the first component, (b) adding microparticles to the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles or adding the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles to a dispersion containing the microparticles and intensively mixing so that the nanoparticles adsorb onto the microparticles, (c) separating the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto from the liquid and drying the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides the method for preparing a catalyst including the following steps 1 and 2, and the method for producing an alcohol including preparing a catalyst by the method and subjecting a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid ester to catalytic reduction with hydrogen in the presence of the prepared catalyst: step 1: immersing a molded precursor of a catalyst containing metal oxide in a solvent, step 2: supplying hydrogen gas or a mixture of hydrogen gas with an inert gas to a catalyst layer in the presence of a solvent to reduce the catalyst precursor prepared in the step 1.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen and at least one catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, the catalyst(s), and the hydrogen are provided to a mixing zone and blended in the mixing zone at a temperature of from 375° C. to 500° C. A vapor comprised of hydrocarbons that are vaporizable at the temperature and pressure within the mixing zone is separated from the mixing zone, and, apart from the mixing zone, the vapor is condensed to produce a liquid hydrocarbon-containing product containing at least 85% of the atomic carbon initially present in the hydrocarbon-containing feedstock and containing at most 2 wt. % hydrocarbons having a boiling point of at least 538° C.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and a metal-containing catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, the catalyst(s), the hydrogen sulfide, and the hydrogen are provided to a mixing zone and blended in the mixing zone at a temperature of from 375° C. to 500° C. and a total pressure of from 6.9 MPa to 27.5 MPa, where hydrogen sulfide is provided at a mole ratio of hydrogen sulfide to hydrogen of at least 0.5:9.5 and the combined hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen partial pressures provide at least 60% of the total pressure. A vapor comprised of hydrocarbons that are vaporizable at the temperature and pressure within the mixing zone is separated from the mixing zone, and, apart from the mixing zone, the vapor may be condensed to produce a liquid hydrocarbon-containing product.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen and at least one catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, the catalyst(s), and the hydrogen are provided to a mixing zone and blended in the mixing zone at a temperature of from 375° C. to 500° C. A vapor comprised of hydrocarbons that are vaporizable at the temperature and pressure within the mixing zone is separated from the mixing zone, and, apart from the mixing zone, the vapor is condensed to produce a liquid hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is continuously or intermittently provided to the mixing zone at a rate of at least 350 kg/hr per m3 of the mixture volume in the mixing zone.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock is provided in which a hydrocarbon-containing feed comprising at least 20 wt. % of heavy hydrocarbons is mixed with hydrogen and at least one metal-containing catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon-containing product. The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, the catalyst(s), and the hydrogen are provided to a mixing zone and blended in the mixing zone at a temperature of from 375° C. to 500° C. and a total pressure of from 6.9 MPa to 27.5 MPa. A vapor comprised of hydrocarbons that are vaporizable at the temperature and pressure within the mixing zone is separated from the mixing zone. Any metal-containing catalyst provided to the mixing zone has an acidity as measured by ammonia chemisorption of at most 200 ?mol ammonia per gram of catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing excess enthalpy by (a) either dispersing atomic metal ions or clusters on a support and reacting the metal ions with a chelating ligand or dispersing chelated atomic metal ions on a support and (b) pressurizing with hydrogen or deuterium to reduce the metal ion to a metal atom resulting in the growth of dispersed metal particles less than 2 nm in diameter on the support. During the particle growth, there is a growth period during which a critical particle size is reached and excess enthalpy is produced.

Abstract: Provided are a metal structure catalyst and a method of preparing the same. Particularly, the method includes forming a metal precipitate on a metal support by contact of a mixed solution including a precursor of a metal catalyst and a precipitating agent with the metal support, and forming metal particles by thermally treating and reducing the metal precipitate formed on the metal support. The metal structure catalyst includes a metal support, a metal oxide layer formed on the metal support, and metal nanoparticles formed on the metal oxide layer. In addition, the metal nanoparticles are uniform and have enhanced binding strength.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a catalyst composition includes a catalytic metal secured to a porous substrate. The substrate has pores that are templated. The substrate is a product of adding a substrate precursor to a water-in-oil microemulsion including a catalytic metal salt, a solvent, a templating agent, and water.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a first catalytic composition comprising a homogeneous solid mixture containing at least one catalytic metal and at least one metal inorganic support. The pores of the solid mixture have an average diameter in a range of about 1 nanometer to about 15 nanometers. The catalytic metal comprises nanocrystals.

Abstract: A method of making a nanoparticle catalyst composition including: a single heating of an aqueous salt solution comprising a Ce, a Zr, a rare earth dopant, and a transition metal oxide precursor to provide nanoparticles, the nanoparticles have a compositional gradient comprised of a CeZrREO2, where RE is a rare earth, and the outer portion of the nanoparticles has a Ce:Zr ratio different from the inner portion of the nanoparticles. Also disclosed is a nanoparticle-catalyst composition and articles containing the composition, as defined herein.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor comprising (A) a microporous support, (B) a non-noble metal precursor, and (C) a pore-filler, wherein the micropores of the microporous support are filled with the pore-filler and the non-noble metal precursor so that the micropore surface area of the catalyst precursor is substantially smaller than the micropore surface area of the support when the pore-filler and the non-noble metal precursor are absent is provided. Also, a catalyst comprising the above catalyst precursor, wherein the catalyst precursor has been pyrolysed so that the micropore surface area of the catalyst is substantially larger than the micropore surface area of catalyst precursor, with the proviso that the pyrolysis is performed in the presence of a gas that is a nitrogen precursor when the microporous support, the non-noble metal precursor and the pore-filler are not nitrogen precursors is also provided. Methods of producing the catalyst precursor and the catalyst are provided.

Abstract: A method for producing particles containing a metal oxide is provided, and the method includes: feeding a metal oxide sol having a pH of 7 or higher and containing metal oxide colloidal particles as dispersoids and water as a dispersion medium, into a liquid containing a solvent having a solubility in 20° C. water of 0.05 g/100 ml or more and having a relative permittivity of 30 or lower (protic solvent) or of 40 or lower (aprotic solvent) at 20° C., and thereby forming aggregates of the metal oxide colloidal particles in the liquid; and subjecting the aggregates to a treatment such as drying and heating, and thereby converting the aggregates into particles that are insoluble in water. By appropriately selecting the solvent, particles can be obtained in the form of flakes, fibers, spheres, and the like.

Abstract: Catalyst comprising: a) a catalytic ceramic support comprising an arrangement of crystallites of the same size, same isodiametric morphology and same chemical composition or substantially of the same size, same isodiametric morphology and same chemical composition in which each crystallite is in point contact or virtually point contact with crystallites that surround it, and b) at least one active phase comprising metallic particles mechanically anchored into said catalytic support so that the coalescence and the mobility of each particle are limited to a volume corresponding to that of a crystallite of said catalytic ceramic support.

Abstract: An exhaust gas-purifying catalyst includes first particles of oxygen storage material, second particles of one or more alkaline-earth metal elements and/or compounds thereof interposed between the first particles, and third particles of one or more precious metal elements interposed between the first particles. A spectrum of a first characteristic X-ray intensity for one of the one or more alkaline-earth metal elements and a spectrum of a second characteristic X-ray intensity for one of the one or more precious metal elements that are obtained by performing a line analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry along a length of 500 nm have a correlation coefficient ?(AE,PM) of 0.70 or more.

Abstract: A catalyst structure 1 used for hydrogenation reaction or dehydrogenation reaction is characterized by the inclusion of a first coiled catalytic wire body 4 formed by coiling a catalytic wire in which a catalytic material is supported on the surface of a metallic core material, and a second catalytic member 5 disposed on the inner surface side and/or outer surface side of the coiled catalytic wire body 4.

Abstract: An oxide catalyst is formed by vaporizing a quantity of at least one precursor material or catalyst material thereby forming a vapor cloud. The vapor cloud is quenched forming precipitate nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are impregnated onto supports. The supports are able to be used in existing heterogeneous catalysis systems. A system for forming oxide catalysts comprises means for vaporizing a quantity of at least one precursor material or at least one catalyst material, quenching the resulting vapor cloud and forming precipitate nanoparticles. The system further comprises means for supports with the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A catalyst unit is described comprising a cylinder with a length C and a diameter D, wherein said unit has five holes arranged in a pentagonal pattern extending longitudinally therethrough, with five flutes running along the length of the unit, said flutes positioned equidistant adjacent holes of said pentagonal pattern. The catalyst may be used particularly in steam reforming reactors.

Abstract: A catalyst unit is described in the form of a cylinder having a length C and diameter D, which has one or more holes extending therethrough, wherein said cylinder has domed ends of lengths A and B, such that (A+B+C)/D is in the range 0.50 to 2.00, and (A+B)/C is in the range 0.40 to 5.00. The catalyst or catalyst unit preferably has one or more flutes miming along its length. The catalyst may be used particularly in steam reforming reactors.

Abstract: A method of forming a catalyst, comprising: providing a plurality of support particles and a plurality of mobility-inhibiting particles, wherein each support particle in the plurality of support particles is bonded with its own catalytic particle; and bonding the plurality of mobility-inhibiting particles to the plurality of support particles, wherein each support particle is separated from every other support particle in the plurality of support particles by at least one of the mobility-inhibiting particles, and wherein the mobility-inhibiting particles are configured to prevent the catalytic particles from moving from one support particle to another support particle.

Abstract: A catalyst unit is described in the form of a cylinder having a length C and diameter D, which has two or more flutes running along its length, wherein said cylinder has domed ends of lengths A and B, such that (A+B+C)/D is in the range 0.50 to 2.00, and (A+B)/C is in the range 0.40 to 5.00. The catalyst may be used particularly in reactions where hydrogen is a reactant such as hydroprocessing, hydrogenation, water-gas shift reactions, methanation, hydrocarbon synthesis by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, methanol synthesis and ammonia synthesis.

Abstract: A biotemplated nanomaterial can include a crystalline perovskite.

Abstract: Methods are described for making a texturized catalyst. The textural promoter may be a high-surface area, high-porosity, stable metal oxide support. The catalyst is manufactured by reacting catalyst precursor materials and support materials in a single, solvent deficient reaction to form a catalyst. The catalyst may be particles or a coating or partial coating of a support surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst comprising: a) a catalyst support made of a ceramic, the support comprising an arrangement of crystallites having the same size, the same isodiametric morphology and the same chemical composition or substantially the same size, the same isodiametric morphology and the same chemical composition, in which each crystallite makes point contact or almost point contact with the surrounding crystallites; and b) at least one active phase comprising metallic particles that interact chemically with said catalyst support made of a ceramic and that are mechanically anchored to said catalyst support in such a way that the coalescence and mobility of each particle are limited to a maximum volume corresponding to that of a crystallite of said catalyst support.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to a catalyst system for the conversion of biomass material. In an exemplary embodiment, the catalyst system has a specific combined mesoporous and macroporous surface area in the range of from about 1 m2/g to about 100 m2/g. The catalyst system can be used in a two-stage reactor assembly unit for the catalytic thermoconversion of biomass material wherein the thermolysis process and the catalytic conversion process are optimally conducted separately.

Abstract: A solid solution photocatalyst composition and its preparation method are provided in the present invention. The solid solution photocatalyst can utilize its solid solution structure to regulate the conduction band position, valence band position, conduction band range and valence band range of the different response properties of the photocatalyst, so that oxidoreductive reaction is performed to remove the foul-smelling substances.

Abstract: Methods for isolation and/or purification of nanomaterials, such as nanowires, are provided. The disclosed methods include isolation of nanomaterials via a filter press and are amenable to large-scale production of nanomaterials. Related methods for isolation, purification and/or doping of nanomaterials are also provided.

Abstract: Nanoparticle catalyst compositions and methods for preparation of same are described. The nanoparticle catalysts are platinum-free and are useful in effecting selective ring-opening reactions, for example in upgrading heavy oil. The catalyst may be of monometallic composition, or may comprise an alloyed or core-shell bimetallic composition. The nanoparticles are of controlled size and shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalyst for producing N-substituted carbamates, the preparation of the catalyst and an improved method for producing N-substituted carbamates from these novel catalysts. The active component of the catalyst is a heteropoly acid and the catalyst support comprises a metal oxide or a metalloid oxide. The catalyst can be used to promote the reaction of carbamate and amine, thereby generating N-substituted carbamates with high yield. In the presence of the catalyst, the reaction conditions are relatively mild, the catalytic activity and selectivity of the reaction are high, and the reaction time is relatively short. Furthermore, the catalyst can be conveniently separated from the reaction system and recycled, therefore, the catalyst can be used to facilitate the further scale-up test and commercial application.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a dehydrogenation catalyst comprising a group VIII metal, a group IVA metal and a refractory oxide support. The method comprises stages of preparing the dry impregnation aqueous solution containing said group VIII metal, ammonia, either in solution or in gas form, and a complexing agent. It then comprises stages of aging the aqueous solution, of dry impregnation of the support, of maturing the impregnated support, of drying the impregnated support and of calcining the dried support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst-containing nanofiber composition, comprising a ceramic nanofiber having a plurality of metal catalysts wherein the metal catalysts exist as dispersed particles partially embedded in the nanofiber and cover from about 1% to about 90% of the surface area of the ceramic nanofiber.