Abstract: In a process for the preparation of a carboxylic acid ester of .beta.-formyl-crotyl alcohol by rearrangement of the corresponding carboxylic acid ester of 2-formyl-2-hydroxy-but-3-ene or of an acetal or acylate thereof in the presence of copper or a copper compound, followed, where relevant, by hydrolytic cleavage of the acetal or acylate, more especially in the preparation of 4,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-crotyl acetate, the yield is improved by carrying out the rearrangement in the presence of copper (I) chloride as the catalyst and ensuring that low-boiling by-products formed during the rearrangement are removed.The products are of great importance as starting materials for an industrial synthesis of vitamin A and its derivatives.

Abstract: Combating ectoparasites with the substantially pure isomer mixture (.+-.)-trans-3-(E/Z-2-Chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-vinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclop ropanecarboxylic acid (.+-.)-(.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxy-4-fluoro-benzyl) ester or the individual E- and Z-isomers of the formula ##STR1## The intermediate free acids, acid chlorides and esters thereof are also shown.

Abstract: The invention relates to poly(phenyl fluoracrylate) a novel polymer.The polymer is useful for the manufacture of transparent materials with very high heat stability.

Abstract: Acyl-substituted phenyl esters of prostacyclin-type compounds, for example the 4-acetylphenyl ester of prostacyclin (PGI.sub.2) illustrated by the formula ##STR1## and including esters of the isomeric 6-hydroxy-PGI.sub.2 and 6-keto-PGF.sub.1.alpha. compounds, said esters having pharmacological activity. Processes for preparing them and the appropriate intermediates are disclosed.

Abstract: Certain radioiodine containing esters useful as brain imaging agents are disclosed. The compounds of the subject invention are represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein I is a radioisotope of iodine with iodine-123 being preferred and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, a polyhydric alcohol radical and a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel pesticidal esters of the pyrethrin or pyrethroid type in which the methylene group bonded to the ester carbonyl and/or ester oxygen bears a fluorine substituent. The compounds of the invention are active against insect pests including flies, moths, aphids and beetles and acarina pests including ticks.

Abstract: 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-bromo-2-phenyl-vinyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 3-phenoxybenzyl ester of the formula ##STR1## which possess arthropodicidal properties. In addition, the new intermediate of the formula ##STR2## is produced by reacting an .alpha.-bromo-benzyl-phosphonic acid ester of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sup.6 each independently is alkyl or phenyl, or the two radicals R.sup.6 together are alkanediyl, with a 3-formyl-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester and saponifying. Also the compounds of the formula ##STR4## which are new when R.sup.1 is not alkyl, are produced by reacting triphenylphosphine and bromine to form dibromo-triphenylphosphorane, and reacting the dibromo-triphenylphosphorane without isolation with an .alpha.

Abstract: 3-Phenoxybenzyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-vinyl-cyclopropane carboxylates of the formula ##STR1## in which R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is hydrogen or halogen,R.sup.3 is phenyl, phenylthio, or phenyl or phenylthio carrying at least one alkyl group or halogen atom,Y is hydrogen or cyano,n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, andm is 1, 2, 3 or 4,which possess arthropodicidal properties.

Abstract: Resmethrin and 4,5-benzospiro[2,4]hepta-4,6-diene-1-carboxylic acid, .alpha.-cyano-m-phenoxybenzyl ester are stabilized against degradation with stabilizing amounts of nickel complexes of 2,2'-thiobis(p-alkylphenols).

Abstract: The invention relates to certain new stilbene derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## in which R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the below mentioned meaning, to a process for their preparation and to their use as arthropodicides, especially as insecticides and acaricides.

Abstract: This invention concerns a two-step process for the preparation of ethylene from mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (commonly known as synthesis gas) by reaction of said carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixtures with a carboxylic acid in the presence of one or more ruthenium catalyst complexes to form an ethyl ester of said carboxylic acid coreactant, followed by pyrolysis of said ethyl ester intermediate to ethylene.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## are disclosed in which R.sup.1 is a phenyl, phenoxy, phenylthio, benzyl or heterocyclic radical which may be substituted, and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, a substituted-vinylcyclopropanecarbonyl group, a tetramethylcyclopropanecarbonyl group, or a 1-(substituted-phenyl)-2-methylpropylcarbonyl group. The compounds wherein R.sup.2 is other than hydrogen are insecticides.

Abstract: Acenaphthenes of formula (I) ##STR1## where Ph represents an optionally substituted phenyl group and wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl are useful anti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: Perhaloalkylvinylcyclopropanecarboxylates having the general formula ##STR1## are disclosed wherein one of Y and Z is a perhaloalkyl group. Compounds in which R is hydroxy, halogen or lower alkoxy are novel intermediates for preparation of insecticidal esters in which R is --OR.sup.1 where R.sup.1 is a wide variety of alcohol residues. The insecticidal efficacy and preparation of the compounds and intermediates therefor are described and exemplified.

Abstract: N,N-difluoroamines are prepared by fluorination of compounds containing a >C.dbd.N-- bond using molecular fluorine or a hypofluorite in which the fluoroxy group is bonded to an inert electron attracting group, such hypofluorites including fluoroalkyl hypofluorites such as trifluoromethyl hypofluorite. The fluorination is advantageously conducted in the presence of an alkanol or other nucleophilic compound. Suitable starting materials include imino ethers and esters and aliphatic and aromatic Schiff's bases, use of the latter being particularly convenient.

Abstract: A process for esterifying terminal hydroxyl groups of a polyoxyalkylene compound comprising one or more ring opened tert.-butyl or tert.-amyl glycidyl ether groups, without removing a significant portion of these tert.-alkyl ether groups. The process is conducted by contacting the polyoxyalkylene compound with an organic, carboxylic acid or anhydride in the liquid phase, in the presence of a small but catalytically effective amount of a Lewis base.

Abstract: Esters and thiolesters of .alpha.-substituted unsaturated acids, intermediates therefor, synthesis thereof, and the use of said esters and thiolesters and compositions thereof for the control of pests.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the coupling of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an allylic halide in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent wherein the improvement, for obtaining improved yield and selectivity, comprises adding a catalyst to said Grignard or allylic halide and then carrying out the coupling reaction by the addition of the Grignard reagent to the allylic halide, said reaction being characterized by the displacement at the gamma position (relative to the halide) of the allylic halide with R of the Grignard reagent, migration of the allylic double bond in the direction of the halogen atom and loss of halogen. The present invention also resides in the discovery of certain novel procedures for the synthesis of Vitamin E. Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention reside in the syntheses of 6,7-dehydrophytol, 10,11-dihydrofarnesene, phytone, hexahydropseudoionone, and related compounds as precursors for Vitamin E.

Abstract: Esters of .alpha.-indenyl substituted aliphatic acids, intermediates therefor, synthesis thereof, and the use of said esters and compositions thereof for the control of pests.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates from formamides wherein a formamide corresponding to the formula R--NHCHO).sub.n, where R is an organic group and n is 1 or 2, is oxidized with an oxygen containing gas at a temperature in the range of 300.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper and/or one or more metals of the Groups IB and VIII of the 5th and 6th period of the Periodic System of Elements to yield the corresponding isocyanate R (NCO).sub.n where R and n have the same meaning as above, and the resultant gaseous isocyanate containing reaction mixture is subjected to a separation process to separate the product isocyanate from water of reaction.

Abstract: The invention is novel halo-substituted benzospiro cyclopropane carboxylates useful for the control of insect pests of agriculturally important crops, and useful as insecticidal and acaricidal agents for the treatment of livestock and domestic animals.

Abstract: A multi-step, stereospecific total synthesis of steroids is disclosed. The starting materials for this process are the relatively inexpensive and readily available m-alkoxy acetophenones. The process is suitable for the preparation of racemic or optically active, medicinally valuable steroids, particularly A-ring aromatic steroids. This process features an early optical resolution and a unique asymmetric induction which insures the correct stereochemistry of the final steroidal product.

Abstract: Esters of .alpha.-indenyl substituted aliphatic acids, intermediates therefor, synthesis thereof, and the use of said esters and compositions thereof for the control of pests.

Abstract: New insecticidal (.beta.-phenyl-.beta.-substituted-vinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylates in which the .beta.-substituent may be halogen or lower haloalkyl are described and their preparation and insecticidal utility are exemplified.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain indane derivatives of general formula ##STR1## in which: X represents a hydrogen or halogen atom; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be identical or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and Y represents --CH.sub.2 OH or a group of formula --COOR.sub.4 in which R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom, 1/v(M) where M is a metal of valency v, or a group of formula--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6wherein n is an integer of 1 to 5 and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, which may be identical or different, each represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, or R.sub.5 and R.sub.

Abstract: This invention provides new compounds of formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is lower alkyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sub.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sub.4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sub.5 is hydrogen, chlorine or lower alkyl, and each ofR.sub.6 and R.sub.7 is hydrogen, or, when R.sub.5 is hydrogen, R.sub.6 may also be chlorine or lower alkyl, and R.sub.7 chlorine or lower alkyl,Useful as anti-phlogistic and anti-arthritic agents.

Abstract: Esters of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol are prepared by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran in a reaction mixture which contains, in addition to the tetrahydrofuran, and acylium ion precursor such as acetic anhydride, a polymeric catalyst which contains sulfonic acid groups and, optionally, a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid.

Abstract: A method is provided for converting a carboxylic acid amide to a carboxylic acid ester by reacting a vaporized mixture of the amide and an aliphatic alcohol or a phenol in the presence of a suitable catalyst at temperatures of from 100.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. The process is especially useful for the conversion of methacrylamide to methyl methacrylate.

Abstract: New insecticidal (.beta.-phenylvinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylates having on the phenyl ring one or more substituents such as halogen, cyano, nitro, lower alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, lower haloalkyl, di(lower alkyl)amino, or methylenedioxy are described, and their preparation and insecticidal utility are exemplified.

Abstract: Monohaloalkenyl benzoates are halogenated to trihalo-substituted alkyl esters of benzoic acid. The halogenated compounds impart flame retardant properties to a variety of polymeric materials.

Abstract: Intermediates for insecticidal (.beta.-phenyl-.beta.-substituted-vinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylates in which the .beta.-substituent may be halogen, lower alkyl, lower haloalkyl, cyano, carbomethoxy, or carbethoxy are described and exemplified.

Abstract: New insecticidal (.beta.-phenylvinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylates are described, and their preparation and insecticidal utility are exemplified.

Abstract: Phosphonium compounds of the formula ##STR1## where y is --CH.sub.2 OH or --CH.sub.2 OOCCH.sub.2 PR.sub.3, n is an integer of 2-4, R is a substituted group, preferably hydrocarbon, such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, etc., and X is a negative ion. These compounds are used in inhibiting the corrosion of metals and particularly in preventing corrosion of metals, particularly iron, steel and ferrous alloys.

Abstract: Dihydroethanoanthracene derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## [wherein R represents a hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.1 represents a group ##STR2## (in which A represents a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyls or by a phenyl; and Y represents an oxygen, sulfur, or imino) or group--COO--A--NH.sub.2(in which A is as defined above)] and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, being useful as antidepressants or their synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: Enamides are prepared by hydrogenating oximes having at least one hydrogen atom at the .alpha.-position in the presence of a carboxylic anhydride using a ruthenium catalyst. These enamides are important to obtain amino group-containing compounds by reduction or polymerization.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.5 independently of one another denote hydrogen or lower alkyl, one of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 denotes hydroxyl and the other denotes alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl, R.sub.4 denotes hydrogen or, if R.sub.3 denotes hydroxyl, additionally also denotes alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl, X denotes a group ##STR2## wherein R.sub.8 is alkyl, aralkyl or phenyl and R.sub.9 is alkyl, aralkyl, phenyl or the group ##STR3## or R.sub.9 and R.sub.8 together are alkylene, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 independently of one another denote oxygen or sulphur, p denotes 1 or 2, q denotes 0 or 1, with the proviso that p + q = 2, and R.sub.6, if q is 0, denotes alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or thiaalkyl, in which case Y.sub.1 is linked to a carbon atom in the thiaalkyl radical which does not carry a further hetero-atom, or denotes oxaalkyl, in which case Y.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another denote alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl, R.sub.3 denotes hydrogen or, conjointly with R.sub.1, denotes tetramethylene, R.sub.4 denotes hydrogen or lower alkyl or, conjointly with R.sub.2, denotes tetramethylene, R.sub.5 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, acyloxyalkyl, oxaalkyl or phenyl, R.sub.6 denotes hydrogen, alkhyl, phenyl or the group or, conjointly with R.sub.5, denotes alkylene, R.sub.7 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or alkylphenyl or, conjointly with R.sub.5 or R.sub.6, denotes alkylene or, conjointly with R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, denotes alkanetriyl, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 together containing at least one carbon atom, Y denotes --O-- or --NH--, P denotes 1, 2, 3 or 4 and A denotes hydrogen or a group which is derived from an organic or inorganic oxygen acid A-(OH).sub.p, are suitable for stabilizing organic material against thermo-oxidative degradation.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of perfume products, Vitamin E and intermediates described herein involving a coupling reaction. For instance, a process for the synthesis of dehydrophytol and Vitamin E comprising forming a C.sub.15 acetylene from hexahydropseudoionone and then coupling said acetylene with 1-acetoxy-4-chloro-3-methylbut-2-ene to form a C.sub.20 acetoxy-enyne. The latter is readily subjected to partial hydrogenation and saponification in that order to form a dehydrophytol, a useful intermediate for the synthesis of Vitamin E and other products.

Abstract: Preparation of carboxylic acid esters of .gamma.-hydroxy-tiglic-aldehyde from bismonocarboxylic acid esters of but-2-en-1,4-diol via 1,4-diacetoxy-2-formyl butane including intermediates in this synthesis.

Abstract: A new series of substituted esters of 3-hydroxyindone compounds have been found to have exceptional miticidal and herbicidal activity.

Abstract: Phenolic age resistors such as 4-(3,5-ditertiary butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butyl 2-methyl-4-thia-6-octanoyloxy-hexanoate are used as antioxidants in diene rubbers, such as butadiene-styrene types and in polyolefins, such as polypropylene.

Abstract: A multi-step, stereospecific total synthesis of steroids is disclosed. The starting materials for this process are the relatively inexpensive and readily available m-alkoxy acetophenones. The process is suitable for the preparation of racemic or optically active, medicinally valuable steroids, particularly A-ring aromatic steroids. This process features an early optical resolution and a unique asymmetric induction which insures the correct stereochemistry of the final steroidal product.

Abstract: A novel substituted-arylacetic acid ester of the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each hydrogen or a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, cyano, nitro, methylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoyloxy, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, taken together, may form methylenedioxy, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkylene or butadienylene (--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--) ring; R.sub.3 is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, propargyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl or cyclopropylmethyl group; R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a halogen atom, methyl or ethyl group; R.sub.5 is allyl, propargyl, 3-butenyl, 3-butynyl, phenyl or benzyl group; and A is oxygen or sulfur atom or --CH.dbd.CH-- group, which possesses various useful insecticidal and acaricidal activities and can be prepared by reacting a substituted-arylacetic acid of the formula; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.

Abstract: Certain derivatives of cyclopropane carboxylic acid and their esters are useful and valuable intermediates for the preparation of broad spectrum pyrethroid type pesticides. The invention provides a novel method for the preparation of the derivatives of cyclopropane carboxylic acid and esters from stable sulfonium ylides.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with new dibenzylglycolic acid derivatives and with the preparation thereof. These derivatives show an extraordinary anti-hypertensive and antisecretory profile.

Abstract: Novel cyclopentanoic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## and --CH.sub.2 OH, R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a non toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable cation and R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 2-tetrahydropyranyl, branched or straight chain, saturated or unsaturated alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and ##STR3## and R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms and phenyl with the alkyl and phenyl being optionally substituted with --COOA wherein A is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metal, ammonium ion, ion of an organic amine, alkyl and haloalkyl of 1 to 7 alkyl carbon atoms with the proviso that R.sub.1 is not hydrogen or 2-tetrahydropyranyl when R is a carboxylic group, and the OH and R groups on the ring and OR.sub.

Abstract: 2,2-Dimethyl-4,5-benzospiro(2,4)heptane- and 2,2-dimethyl-4,5-benzospiro(2,4)-hepta-4,6-diene-1-carboxylates of the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN EACH OF R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or together represent a carbon to carbon bond, andR.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a cyano group, process for their manufacture and a method of controlling pests, which comprises the use of these compounds.

Abstract: Improved supported thallium(III) reagents are provided which significantly improve reaction rates and product selectivity of oxythallation reactions. The present reagents have a thallium(III) salt of an acid on the surface and within montmorillonite clay minerals.

Abstract: Substituted acetate compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## which are useful as pesticides and pesticidal composition containing the substituted acetate compounds as active ingredients, as well as processes for preparing the compounds and the compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: The amidation and esterification of carboxylic acids with amines and hydroxyl group-containing compounds, respectively, are effected without incurring the drawbacks of reaction equilibrium by the reaction of the reactants, one of which has been activated in the reactive group by contact with a phosphonium salt obtained by reacting a phosphorous ester or phosphorous monoester salt with an organic base such as pyridine and an oxidizing agent such as halogens and mono or divalent mercury halide or acetate. The amidation can be applied to the preparation of peptides by the reaction of amino acids and/or peptides in which one of the reactive groups have been protected.