Abstract: Hybrid switching devices integrate nanotube switching elements with field effect devices, such as NFETs and PFETs. A switching device forms and unforms a conductive channel from the signal input to the output subject to the relative state of the control input. In embodiments of the invention, the conductive channel includes a nanotube channel element and a field modulatable semiconductor channel element. The switching device may include a nanotube switching element and a field effect device electrically disposed in series. According to one aspect of the invention, an integrated switching device is a four-terminal device with a signal input terminal, a control input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal. The devices may be non-volatile. The devices can form the basis for a hybrid NT-FET logic family and can be used to implement any Boolean logic circuit.

Abstract: Methods for preparing nanocomposites with thermal properties modified by powder size below 100 nanometers. Both low-loaded and highly-loaded nanocomposites are included. Nanoscale coated, un-coated, whisker type fillers are taught. Thermal nanocomposite layers may be prepared on substrates.

Abstract: A structure comprises at least a porous body holding a substance releasably, comprising a capping member for keeping the substance inside the pore and/or on at least a part of the entire surface of the porous body, and a connecting member for connecting the porous body and the capping member separably, the connecting member comprising a biopolymer compound. A method for releasing a substance from the structure set forth comprises the steps of applying stimulation from outside to the structure, and cleaving at least one of the bonding between the connecting member and the capping member and the bonding between the connecting member and the porous member to make the substance releasable from the structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a graphene composite nanofiber and a preparation method thereof. The graphene composite nanofiber is produced by dispersing graphenes to at least one of a surface and inside of a polymer nanofiber or a carbon nanofiber having a diameter of 1˜1000 nm, and the graphenes include at least one type of monolayer graphenes, and multilayer graphenes having a thickness of 10 nm or less. The graphene composite nanofiber can be applied to various industrial fields, e.g., a light emitting display, a micro resonator, a transistor, a sensor, a transparent electrode, a fuel cell, a solar cell, a secondary cell, and a composite material, owing to a unique structure and property of graphene.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a first electrode and an array of ordered electron conductive nanostructure films electrically coupled to and supported by the first electrode. A plurality of quantum dot absorbers are attached to the electrically conductive nanostructure films. A hole conducting material is diffused between the electron conductive nanostructure films, and a second electrode is electrically coupled to the hole conducting material.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide materials and methods for hydrophobic coatings that can include hydrophobic core-shell nano-fillers dispersed in an elastomeric polymer matrix.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for producing titanium dioxide nanotubes, the method comprising anodizing titanium metal in contact with an electrolytic medium containing an ionic liquid. The invention is also directed to the resulting titanium dioxide nanotubes, as well as devices incorporating the nanotubes, such as photovoltaic devices, hydrogen generation devices, and hydrogen detection devices.

Abstract: Provided are nanoscale, mineralized structures from naturally-occurring materials and related methods for manufacturing these structures. The structures are useful in construction of photovoltaic devices and sensor applications.

Abstract: This application discloses a hard disk drive and a disk employing Discrete Tracks each including a land with a groove at a first depth with sectors of each track separated by servo pattern wedges with a variable second land and a variable second groove possessing widths and a second depth for the grooves differing from the first widths and depth of the groove of the sectors. The second depth optimizes the stability of the flying height of a slider over both sectors and servo pattern wedges, removing the possibility of added vibrational modes adversely affecting the slider's normal operations of reading, writing and flying above the disk surface. This also discloses the disks and their manufacture of disk surfaces with these sector zones and servo pattern wedges.

Abstract: Provided are electrokinetically-altered fluids (e.g., gas-enriched (e.g., oxygen-enriched) electrokinetic fluids) comprising an ionic aqueous solution of charge-stabilized oxygen-containing nanostructures in an amount sufficient to provide, upon contact with a cell, modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Particular aspects of the present invention provide compositions and methods suitable for modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Additional aspects provide compositions and methods suitable for modulating intracellular signal transduction, including modulation of at least one of membrane structure, membrane potential or membrane conductivity, membrane proteins or receptors, ion channels, and calcium dependant cellular messaging systems, comprising use of the inventive electrokinetically altered solutions to impart electrochemical and/or conformational changes in membranous structures (e.g.

Abstract: Methods for producing an anodic aluminum oxide template having a plurality of pores arranged unevenly along substantially parallel lines, embodiments of the method comprising: providing a substrate of a commercial grade aluminum alloy, the substrate having substantially parallel lines formed in at least one surface; and anodizing the commercial grade aluminum alloy substrate to form the anodic oxide template. An anodic aluminum oxide template comprising a plurality of pores arranged unevenly along substantially parallel lines extending across a surface of the anodic aluminum oxide template. An ordered carbon nanotube array comprising carbon nanotubes extending from pores of an anodic aluminum oxide template as defined above and in which the aluminum substrate is intact.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention exploit physical properties of nanostructures by using nanostructures in a composite underfill. An embodiment is a composite underfill comprising an epoxy matrix applied between a substrate and a semiconductor chip and a suspension of nanostructures distributed within the epoxy matrix. Another embodiment is a semiconductor package comprising a semiconductor chip, a carrier, wherein the semiconductor chip is bonded to the carrier, and a composite underfill comprising a plurality of nanostructures dispersed in an epoxy medium between the carrier and the semiconductor chip. Further embodiments include a method for creating a semiconductor package comprising a composite underfill.

Abstract: In a method for non-therapeutic or therapeutic photodynamic treatment of a skin target area, a photosensitizer fluid incorporating a photosensitizing agent or a precursor for a photosensitizing agent is delivered to the target area, the photosensitizing agent having at least one absorption wavelength in a wavelength range higher than 400 nm. The target area is then exposed to light energy in a range of wavelengths comprising at least one absorption wavelength of the photosensitizing agent, the light energy being supplied to the target area in the form of at least one light pulse producing in the target area an accumulated energy density sufficient for photodynamic activation of the photosensitizing agent. The photosensitizing agent or precursor is incorporated in the photosensitizer fluid with a concentration in the range from 0.1 to 2.0% preferably from 0.1 to 0.

Abstract: Compositions and devices for harvesting electrical energy from mechanical and thermal energy, storing such produced energy, and sensing strain based on low cost materials and processes. In embodiments, the compositions are flexible and include a flexible polymer embedded and coated with a nanostructured piezoelectric material.

Abstract: A compound having the formula: Each Ar is an aromatic group. Each R is an alkyl group. The value n is a positive integer. The values of w, x, y, and z are 0 or 1. If y is 0 than x and z are 0 and w is 1, and if y is 1 than x and z have different values and w equals z. A thermoset made by crosslinking a silane-containing compound with the above compound. A method of making the above compound when y is 1 by: reacting 4,4?-difluorobenzophenone with an aromatic diol to form an oligomer; and reacting the oligomer with a vinyl dialkylsilane. A method of making the below compound by: reacting 4,4?-difluorobenzophenone with a vinyl dialkylsilane. Each R is an independently selected alkyl group.

Abstract: An insulating film includes a first polymer layer, a second polymer layer and an electromagnetic shielding layer sandwiched between the first polymer layer and the second polymer layer. The electromagnetic shielding layer includes a number of carbon nanotube films that are substantially parallel to the first and second polymer layer. Each of the carbon nanotube films includes a number of carbon nanotubes that are substantially parallel to each other. The insulating film can provide anti-EMI effect in printed circuit boards without employing additional electromagnetic shielding layers.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for forming a catalyst layer for carbon nanostructure growth, which can eliminate the influence of water in a liquid for catalyst layer formation, can grow homogeneous and highly oriented carbon nanostructures over the whole area of a substrate and can realize mass production of the carbon nanostructures, and a liquid for catalyst layer formation for use in the method, and a process for producing carbon nanostructures using the catalyst layer formed by the method. The catalyst layer for use in the production of CNTs is formed by preparing a catalyst metal salt solution of a catalyst metal-containing metal compound (a catalyst metal salt) dispersed or dissolved in a solvent having an ample wettability towards the substrate and coating the catalyst metal salt solution onto the substrate to a form a thin film. The thin film is then heat treated to form a catalyst layer.

Abstract: Solid and hollow cylindrical nanopillars with nanoscale diameters are provided. Also provides is a method of making such nanopillars using electron beam lithography followed by the electroplating.

Abstract: A method of making an electrode ink containing nanostructured catalyst elements is described. The method comprises providing an electrocatalyst decal comprising a carrying substrate having a nanostructured thin catalytic layer thereon, the nanostructure thin catalytic layer comprising nanostructured catalyst elements; providing a transfer substrate with an adhesive thereon; transferring the nanostructured thin catalytic layer from the carrying substrate to the transfer substrate; removing the nanostructured catalyst elements from the transfer substrate; providing an electrode ink solvent; and dispersing the nanostructured catalyst elements in the electrode ink solvent. Electrode inks, coated substrates, and membrane electrode assemblies made from the method are also described.

Abstract: A method of transferring nanostructured thin catalytic layers to a gas diffusion layer and thus making a catalyst coated diffusion media is described. The method includes treating the gas diffusion layer with a temporary adhesive to temporarily increase the adhesion strength within the microporous layer and to carbon fiber paper substrate, transferring the nanostructured thin catalytic layer to the microporous side of a gas diffusion media layer. The nanostructured thin catalytic layer can then be further processed, including adding additional components or layers to the nanostructured thin catalytic layer on the gas diffusion media layer. Preparation of catalyst coated diffusion media and a catalyst coated diffusion media based membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are also described.

Abstract: Provided is the preparation of a coil-comb block copolymer and a method for producing nanostructures formed by the copolymer. Particularly, provided is a method for producing nanostructured polymer thin films, including: preparing a coil-comb block copolymer via a controlled polymer polymerization process; forming a thin film of the block copolymer on a substrate and carrying out heat treatment to form nanostructures including vertically aligned cylindrical microstructures; and irradiating ultraviolet rays to the thin film and carrying out oxygen plasma treatment to form nanostructured polymer thin films including cylindrical pores.

Abstract: Methods and associated structures of forming a microelectronic device are described. Those methods may include forming a first block on a nanodot material, forming a first spacer on the first block, removing the first block to form a free standing spacer, removing exposed portions of the nanodot material and then the free standing spacer to form nanowires, forming a second block at an angle to a length of the nanowires, forming a second spacer on the second block, forming a second free standing spacer on the nanowires by removing the second block, and removing exposed portions of the nanowires and then the second free standing spacer to form an ordered array of nanodots.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for the preparation of sodium titanate nanotubes and their derivatives obtained by ion exchange and/or thermal treatment, by reacting titanium oxides with sodium hydroxide under suitable hydrothermal conditions to obtain or control the morphology of nanostructural titanates. The method is carried out continuously in one or more reactors connected in series, where the reaction mixture is introduced continuously into the reactor at a feed rate that is the same as the rate of discharge of the product. When more than one reactor is used, the material leaving the first reactor is used to feed the next reactor, and preferably a temperature differential is applied between the reactors in such a way as to obtain a mean temperature of between 60 and 180° C., and the overall reaction time is short, being about 90 minutes or less.

Abstract: A method of increasing an activity of a podophyllotoxin or a derivative thereof is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the podophyllotoxin or the derivative with a liquid composition having a liquid and nanostructures, each of the nanostructures comprising a core material of the nanometric size surrounded by an envelope of ordered fluid molecules, the core material and the envelope of ordered fluid molecules being in a steady physical state, thereby increasing the activity of the podophyllotoxin or the derivative. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising same and uses thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition including: a matrix including a thermosetting resin and an elastomer; and carbon nanofibers dispersed in the matrix. The elastomer includes an unsaturated bond or a group having affinity to the carbon nanofibers.

Abstract: Disclosed are photoluminescent particles. The particles include a core nano-sized particle of carbon and a passivation agent bound to the surface of the nanoparticle. The passivation agent can be, for instance, a polymeric material. The passivation agent can also be derivatized for particular applications. For example, the photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles can be derivatized to recognize and bind to a target material, for instance a biologically active material, a pollutant, or a surface receptor on a tissue or cell surface, such as in a tagging or staining protocol.

Abstract: A method of producing a layered semiconductor device comprises the steps of: (a) providing a base comprising a plurality of semiconductor nano-structures, (b) growing a semiconductor material onto the nano-structures using an epitaxial 5 growth process, and (c) growing a layer of the semiconductor material using an epitaxial growth process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multiple layer film comprising a substrate layer and a multiple layer having two or more sub-layers formed by use of a single target material, provided on at least one side of the substrate layer; and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of producing a crystalline metal oxide nanostructure. The method comprises providing a metal salt solution and providing a basic solution; placing a porous membrane between the metal salt solution and the basic solution, wherein metal cations of the metal salt solution and hydroxide ions of the basic solution react, thereby producing a crystalline metal oxide nanostructure.

Abstract: In various embodiments, methods for synthesizing single-crystalline zero-valent metal nanorings, such as single-crystalline copper nanorings, are described herein. The methods include providing a solution containing a metal cation, a complexing agent bound to the metal cation, thereby forming a metal complex that is at least partially soluble in the solution, and a reducing agent operable for reducing the metal complex to a zero-valent metal and then heating the solution for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature until zero-valent metal nanorings form. The solution may be an aqueous solution in an embodiment. Single-crystalline metal nanorings produced by the methods described herein may have a diameter less than about 100 ?m and a wall thickness between about 10 nm and about 500 nm.

Abstract: A method for preparing a substrate with periodical structure, comprising the following steps: (A) providing a substrate and plural nano-sized balls, wherein the nano-sized balls are arranged on the surface of the substrate; (B) depositing a cladding layer on partial surface of the substrate and the gaps between the nano-sized balls; (C) removing the nano-sized balls; (D) etching the substrate by using the cladding layer as a mask; and (E) removing the mask to form a periodical structure on the surface of the substrate. In the present invention, the nano-sized balls are used as a template for forming the mask. Hence, compared with the lithography, when the method of the present invention is used to prepare a substrate with a periodical structure, the duration of the process and the manufacturing cost can be decreased.

Abstract: A security document is disclosed which includes an electrical circuit embedded in a document substrate, where the electrical circuit includes a power source with at least one electroactive polymer power generator, and an optical display including at least one electroluminescent display element and at least one nanohole array which forms a layer of the electroluminescent display element. A method of authenticating a security document is also disclosed, the method including illuminating an encoded nanohole array in the security document with a focused light beam or laser light source emitting at least one defined wavelength of incident light, detecting a transmitted portion of the incident light transmitted through the nanohole array with an optoelectronic sensor, analyzing at least one wavelength of the transmitted portion of light to produce a detected signal, and comparing the detected signal with an authentication signal to authenticate the security document.

Abstract: A radar absorbing composite includes a (CNT)-infused fiber material disposed in at least a portion of a matrix material. The composite absorbs radar in a frequency range from about 0.10 Megahertz to about 60 Gigahertz. The CNT-infused fiber material forms a first layer that reduces radar reflectance and a second layer that dissipates the energy of the radar. A method of manufacturing this composite includes disposing a CNT-infused fiber material in a portion of a matrix material with a controlled orientation of the CNT-infused fiber material within the matrix material, and curing the matrix material. The composite can be formed into a panel which is adaptable as a structural component of a transport vessel or missile for use in stealth applications.

Abstract: Nanosized filamentary carbon structures (CNTs) nucleating over a catalyzed surface may be grown in an up-right direction reaching a second surface, spaced from the first surface, without the need of applying any external voltage source bias. The growth process may be inherently self-stopping, upon reaching a significant population of grown CNTs on the second surface. A gap between the two surfaces may be defined for CNT devices being simultaneously fabricated by common integrated circuit integration techniques. The process includes finding that for separation gaps of up to a hundred or more nanometers, a difference between the respective work functions of the materials delimiting the gap space, for example, different metallic materials or a doped semiconductor of different dopant concentration or type, may produce an electric field intensity orienting the growth of nucleated CNTs from the surface of one of the materials toward the surface of the other material.

Abstract: Nanocrystals that include a core/shell structure in which the a core of semiconductor material is coated with an inorganic capping agent. The nanocrystals are made by initially providing nanocrystal precursors that include a solubility agent which renders the precursors soluble in an organic solvent. The nanocrystal precursors are then coated with the inorganic capping agent in the presence of an organic solvent.

Abstract: A system for energy upconversion and/or down conversion and a system for producing a photostimulated reaction in a medium. These systems include 1) a nanoparticle configured, upon exposure to a first wavelength ?1 of radiation, to generate a second wavelength ?2 of radiation having a higher energy than the first wavelength ?1 and 2) a metallic structure disposed in relation to the nanoparticle. A physical characteristic of the metallic structure is set to a value where a surface plasmon resonance in the metallic structure resonates at a frequency which provides a spectral overlap with either the first wavelength ?1 or the second wavelength ?2, or with both ?1 and ?2. The system for producing a photostimulated reaction in a medium includes a receptor disposed in the medium in proximity to the nanoparticle which, upon activation by the second wavelength ?2, generates the photostimulated reaction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for the cost effective formation of a composite material which includes metallized carbon nanotubes and/or nanofibers that can be used to form portions of an energy storage device, such as a lithium ion battery. In one embodiment, carbon nanotubes are formed on a host substrate using a catalytic chemical vapor deposition process. An initiation-adhesion layer is formed over the carbon nanotubes and a metallic layer is then deposited on the initiation-adhesion layer and each layer is formed using a wet deposition process. In one embodiment, portions of the host substrate are used to form an electrochemical storage device that may be integrated with other formed electrochemical storage devices to create an interconnected battery array. The battery array may be formed as a woven sheet, panel, or other flexible structure depending upon the type of host substrate material.

Abstract: A system including nanostructure arrays for converting carbon dioxide to an organic compound, e.g., methanol, which does so, for example, without any external electric energy. In one embodiment, the system for converting carbon dioxide to an organic compound includes an array of nanotubes, which include nanoparticles of an electron mediator, e.g. palladium, dispersed on a surface of the nanotubes, and an electrically conductive fluid. The array of nanotubes is at least partially immersed in the electrically conductive fluid. The system further includes a light source that irradiates the array of nanotubes, a source of carbon dioxide, and an inlet for delivering the carbon dioxide to the electrically conductive fluid whereat at least a portion of the carbon dioxide is converted to a different organic compound, such as methanol, via contact with an irradiated array of nanotubes. In one example, the array is an ordered array of titania nanotubes.

Abstract: A process has been developed to synthesize various zeolites with nano size crystals. The process involves forming an aluminosilicate initiator which exhibits the Tyndall effect and contains no appreciable filterable solids. This initiator is then mixed with a clear solution comprising reactive sources of Al, Si, M and R plus water. M is an alkali or alkaline earth metal while R is an organoammonium compound. The resultant reaction mixture is reacted at a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce a zeolite such as zeolite Y with average crystallite size less than 500 nm or preferably less than 300 nm.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a transparent conductive nanostructured thin-film by oblique-angle deposition and method of the same. An electron beam system is utilized to evaporate the target source. Evaporation substrate is disposed on a plurality of adjustable sample stage. Multiple gas control valve and heat source is provided to control the gas flow and temperature within the process chamber. An annealing process is performed after the evaporation to improve the thin-film structure and optoelectronic properties.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing macro-sized nanostructures. The method in one embodiment comprises the steps of mixing an amount of TiO2 powders with a volume of an alkali or alkaline solution to form a mixture, and heating the mixture at a temperature higher than 160° C. for a period of time effective to allow TiO2-containing, macro-sized nanostructures to form, wherein the TiO2-containing, macro-sized nanostructures form in an environment that has no presence of a substrate that comprises Ti. These TiO2-containing, macro-sized nanostructures can be utilized to form a free standing membrane, and/or a three-dimensional (3D) structure.

Abstract: Provided is a nano structure composite and a method of manufacturing the same. More specifically, a nano structure composite that includes a substrate, a first layer formed of carbon nano structures on the substrate, and a second layer formed of metal oxide nano structures on the first layer, and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. When the nano structure composite according to the present invention is used, a device having a field emission characteristic higher efficiency than a conventional device can be realized, and also, the device can be manufactured at a lower temperature and at a lower pressure. Thus, manufacturing cost can be reduced and a large scale process can be performed.

Abstract: Liposomal ALA pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical compositions, and methods of treatment are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a Liposomal ALA composition of the present disclosure is used in for photodynamic therapy. In an embodiment, a photodynamic therapy system is disclosed that includes nanocorpuscles comprising 5-aminolevulinic acid in a scattering agent, wherein a concentration of the 5-aminolevulinic acid is from about 0.01% to about 10%; and a light source for activating the 5-aminolevulinic acid. In an embodiment, a photodynamic therapy method is disclosed that includes administering nanocorpuscles comprising 5-aminolevulinic acid to a target tissue in a patient; and activating the 5-aminolevulinic acid with a light source. In an embodiment, a kit is disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosure provides elongated nanostructures useful for biological imaging and measurement. More particularly the disclosure provides nanoworms having an increased bioavailability compared to nanospheres.

Abstract: The present invention relates to applications of TiO2-containing, macro-sized nanostructures in the fields including photocatalysis, information writing-erasing-rewriting, microfiltration, controlled drug release, and tire making. In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of photocatalytically decomposing organic pollutants. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of mixing a solution containing organic pollutants and a plurality of TiO2-containing, macro-sized nanostructures to form a mixture and exposing the mixture to UV irradiation to decompose the organic pollutants.

Abstract: Systems and methods for skin rejuvenation are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a skin rejuvenation system includes a unit dose of a booster product that includes active ingredients of ferulic acid and phloretin; a unit dose of at least one exfoliating product that includes active ingredients of ferulic acid and phloretin in combination with fruit acids or alpha hydroxyacids; and a unit dose of a nano-additive product for enhancing penetration of the active ingredients. A method for skin rejuvenation includes applying topically, to a skin surface to be treated, a booster product including active ingredients of ferulic acid and phloretin; applying topically, to the skin surface, at least one exfoliating product including active ingredients of ferulic acid and phloretin in combination with one of fruit acids or alpha hydroxyacids; and applying topically, to the skin surface, a nano-additive product for enhancing penetration of the active ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a goethite nanotube. Particularly, the present invention is directed to goethite nanotubes, which can be used as a catalyst relating to environment or a drug delivery system, and process for preparing the goethite nanotube, and process for preparing magnetite and hematite nanoparticles.

Abstract: A carbon nano tube characterized by Bragg diffraction pattern peaks appearing at 2 theta (2?)=26.5°, 44.5°, 51.8°. A carbon nano fiber is disclosed and characterized by Bragg diffraction pattern peaks appearing 2 theta (2?)=44.5°, 51.8°. These carbon nano materials can be prepared in a solid phase by combustion and heating of the solid raw materials both with and without a tube control agent. The carbon nano tube growth process can include controlling the length of the tubes.

Abstract: A mass sensor is provided for determining the mass of small objects. The mass sensor has a plurality of nanostructures attached to a substrate. The nanostructures and the substrate are irradiated with an electromagnetic wave to determine a first mechanical-electromagnetic resonant frequency of the mass sensor. After a particle is attached to the nanostructures, the substrate and the nanostructures to which the particle is attached are irradiated with an electromagnetic wave to determine a second mechanical-electromagnetic resonant frequency of the mass sensor. A mass of the particle is determined based on a difference between the first and second mechanical-electromagnetic resonant frequencies.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of intravenous administration of nanoparticulate drug formulations to a mammal to avoid adverse hemodynamic effects: by reducing the rate and concentration of the nanoparticles in the formulations; or by pre-treating the subject with histamine; or by pretreating the subject with a desensitizing amount of the nanoparticulate drug formulations.