Abstract: The present invention discloses a CO2 reservoir. The CO2 reservoir comprises a functional conducting polymer and a plurality of particles. The particles are coated with the functional conducting polymer, and the particles comprise nanoscale or microscale particles and their mixture.

Abstract: In this disclosure, a method is described wherein the method comprises mixing a therapeutic gas or a therapeutic liquid or a combination thereof and a liquid carrier in a high shear device to produce a dispersion; and administering the produced dispersion intravenously to a patient; wherein the produced dispersion contains nanobubbles of the therapeutic gas or droplets of the therapeutic liquid with a mean diameter of less than about 1.5 ?m. In this disclosure, a system is also described wherein the system comprises a therapeutic gas source or a therapeutic liquid source or a combination thereof, a liquid carrier source; a high shear device (HSD) having an inlet, an outlet, at least one rotor, and at least one stator separated by a shear gap; and a pump configured to control the flow rate and residence time of a fluid passing through the high shear device.

Abstract: A water treatment system using electrocoagulation is provided. One of the stages of the water treatment is subjecting the water to electrocoagulation so that colloidal solids can be reduced, emulsions broken, and hydrocarbons and complex organics removed, without the application of substantial chemical substances to the contaminated water or even the use of any chemical substances. An electrocoaguloaty apparatus can comprise: a tank having a first end and a second end; a plurality of electrolytic cells provided in the tank, each electrolytic cell having at least one anode electrode and at least one cathode electrode defining an anode/cathode electrode pair; and a voltage supply connected to each electrolytic cell to supply a voltage across each anode/cathode pair.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn toward a chemical or biological sensor that can comprise a semi-conducting nanowire and a chemical or biological sensing molecule tethered to the semi-conducting nanowire through a spacer group including a hydrophilic reactive group. In one embodiment, the semi-conducting nanowire can be part of an array of like or similar semi-conducting nanowires. Electrical leads can provide an electrical current to the array, and a signal measurement apparatus can be electrically coupled to the array, and can be configured for detecting changes in the electrical current of the array.

Abstract: The use of diamond-shaped graphene nano-patches as novel non-volatile switching elements exhibiting transitions between high and low conductance states based on changes of magnetic ordering of these states. Non-magnetic reconstructed graphene nano-ribbons are used as non-invasive leads to implement the switching elements as carbon-nanoflake based memories and transistors. Switching of the elements may be implemented by electric-field-induced altering of the magnetic state. Graphene nano-patch shapes of certain geometries provide passive electric-field sources such as to establish initial bits of information saved in graphene-based memories.

Abstract: A method for the spinning of a fibre comprising cellulose nano-fibrils being aligned along the main axis of the fibre from a lyotropic suspension of cellulose nano-fibrils, said nano-fibril alignment being achieved through extension of the extruded fibre from a die, spinneret or needle, wherein said fibre is dried under extension and the aligned nano-fibrils aggregate to form a continuous structure. The fibrils used in this method can be extracted from a cellulose-rich material such as wood. The invention also related to a cellulose-based fibre obtained according to this method and to a cellulose fibre which contains at least 90% wt of crystallised cellulose.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods for delivery of therapeutic agents, such as chemically stabilized antisense oligonucleotides useful in RNA silencing. The compositions include interfering nanoparticles (iNOPs) associated with one or more agents. Several functional iNOP derivatives are provided which allow for targeted delivery of agents to specific cell types as well as exhibiting reduced cellular toxicity.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods related to multivalent compositions targeted to cells and tissues. The disclosed targeting is useful for treatment of cancer and other diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Formulations of ezetimibe are described, wherein attention is paid, alternatively or optionally in combination, to (i) the existence of ezetimibe in the form of primary particles, which when blended with a suitable hydrophilic excipient in particulate form are allowed adsorb on the surface of particles of the hydrophilic excipient; (ii) a selection of specific types of excipients; and/or (iii) a careful control of how the formulation of ezetimibe is obtained.

Abstract: A composite material comprising at least one polymeric resin and optionally at least one fibrous reinforcement where the polymeric resin comprises at least one difunctional epoxy resin and at least one epoxy resin with a functionality greater than two having at least one meta-substituted phenyl ring in its backbone.

Abstract: A proton conducting electrolyte membrane comprising a ceramic electrolyte layer including an inorganic proton conductor and a ceramic protective layer formed on at least one surface of the ceramic electrolyte layer and having proton conductivity; a membrane electrode assembly including the proton conducting electrolyte membrane; and a proton conducting ceramic fuel cell including the membrane electrode assembly. In the proton conducting electrolyte membrane, the ceramic protective layer may have an improved chemical bond with the ceramic electrolyte layer compared with a Pd metal protective layer, such that interlayer delamination may be lessened. Also, compared with a Pd metal protective layer, the ceramic protective layer is more appropriate for ceramic electrolytes such as BYZ and BYC that transmit protons or simultaneously transmit protons and oxygen ions used in a fuel cell operating at a temperature range of about 200 to about 500° C., for example, about 250 to about 500° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel herbal nano emulsion based formulations comprising a combination of lemon juice and/or rose water as therapeutically active aqueous phase entrapped in oil phase selected from one or more essential oils and process for the preparation of the same in pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms for topical treatment of acne and other skin disorder like eczema, psoriasis, aging scaring and the like with increased efficacy, Improved percutaneous penetration, excellent thermodynamic stability ensuring long shelf life, low skin irritation and reservoir effect that promotes drug localization in the skin enabling controlled delivery of the said therapeutic agents.

Abstract: Nanomaterials for neural and orthopedic prostheses are disclosed. Composite carbon nanofibers enhance neuronal growth and minimize glial scar tissue formation. Methods and compositions to promote neuronal growth and minimize scar tissue formation during prolonged monitoring and treatment of neural tissue are disclosed. Composite polyurethane carbon nanofiber is a suitable material for neural implant.

Abstract: There is provided an electrode catalyst layer that has excellent durability compared to conventional electrode catalyst layers employing carbon supports, and that can minimize as much as possible the amount of catalyst material used while exhibiting desired output, by allowing adjustment of the amount as necessary. The electrode catalyst dispersion of the disclosure comprises catalyst particles that contain a non-conductive support and a conductive catalyst material covering the surface of non-conductive support, and a dispersing medium selected from among water, organic solvents and combinations thereof. The ink composition of the disclosure comprises catalyst particles containing a non-conductive support and a conductive catalyst material covering the surface of non-conductive support, a dispersing medium selected from among water, organic solvents and combinations thereof, and an ionic conductive polymer, wherein the volume ratio of the catalyst particles and the ionic conductive polymer is 55:45-90:10.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of AB block copolymer composition as a surface coating wherein the composition comprises (a) an AB block copolymer; and (b) a liquid medium and wherein the AB block copolymer comprises: (a) a substantially hydrophobic block A, and (b) a substantially hydrophilic block B wherein the hydrophobic block A comprises one or more monomer of formula (A) wherein R is H or C1 to C4 alkyl; Z is O, P or N; and R? is selected from the group comprising: C1 to C18 linear or non linear alkyl; C1 to C18 alkylamino alkyl; C1 to C18 dihydroxyalkyl; C1 to C18 silylalkyl; epoxy alkyl, phosphoryl or phosphoryl alkyl; a styrene based monomer; a vinyl phosphonate or phosphoric acid monomer; and wherein the liquid medium comprises either: (i) water; (ii) an organic solvent; (iii) an organic solvent substantially free from water; or (iv) an organic solvent and water; and wherein: the liquid medium further optionally comprises one or more additive, surfactant or wetting agent.

Abstract: Filters capable of dissipating static charges. One example includes a filter media pack comprising fluted media secured to facing media; the fluted media having cellulose fibers; and the fluted media including an amount of carbon black sufficient to impart a static charge dissipative property thereto. One example includes an air filter cartridge having a filter media pack comprising fluted media secured to facing media; the fluted media comprising cellulose fibers; the fluted media having at least one side coated with a static charge dissipative amount of a metallic coating. These filters are useable in, for example, dust collectors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a carbon nanotube (CNT) mat on a conductive or semiconductor substrate. According to this process, a catalytic complex comprising at least one metal layer is firstly deposited on said substrate. Said metal layer then undergoes an oxidizing treatment. Finally, carbon nanotubes are grown from the metal layer thus oxidized. The present invention also relates to a process for producing a via using said CNT mat production process.

Abstract: The method for forming wavelike coherent nanostructures by irradiating a surface of a material by a homogeneous flow of ions is disclosed. The rate of coherency is increased by applying preliminary preprocessing steps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a curable composition, providing, upon curing, a transparent, antistatic coating, comprising at least one conductive polymer, at least one epoxysilane binder, at least one solvent, and at least one compound of formula R1—[R2]n—OSO3H or R1—[R2]n—SO3H, or a salt thereof, wherein n=0 or 1, R1 is H or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, with the proviso that the compound of formula II is not a fluorine containing surfactant. The invention further relates to optical articles comprising a substrate at least partially coated with a transparent antistatic coating formed by depositing onto the substrate and curing the above curable composition. The obtained optical articles exhibit enhanced antistatic properties, high optical transparency with about 91% transmittance, and low haze.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a submillimetric electroconductive grid coated with an overgrid on a substrate includes: the production of a mask having submillimetric openings by the deposition of a solution of colloidal polymeric nanoparticles that are stabilized and dispersed in a solvent, the polymeric particles having a glass transition temperature Tg and the drying of the masking layer at a temperature below the Tg until the mask, with straight edges, is obtained, the formation of the electroconductive grid by a deposition of electroconductive material, referred to as grid material, a heat treatment of the masking layer with the grid material at a temperature greater than or equal to 0.

Abstract: A plasmonic nanostructure for enhanced light excitation is disclosed. The plasmonic nanostructure includes a substrate, an adhesion layer disposed on top of the substrate, a surface plasmon resonance layer, and a cavity that extends into the surface plasmon resonance layer. The surface plasmon resonance layer is configured to concentrate an applied plasmon field to a bottom portion of the cavity.

Abstract: Provided are nanomaterial-reinforced resin compositions and related methods. The compositions include a reinforcing material, such as graphene, polyamic acid, carbon nanotubes, or dimethylacetamide that is dispersed into a resin. The reinforcing material is present in the resin at from about 0.001 to about 10 wt %. Also provided are methods of fabricating these compositions and methods of tailoring a composition to achieve a particular set of mechanical properties.

Abstract: A new method is disclosed for large-scale production of pristine few-layer graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) through unzipping of mildly gas-phase oxidized, and, optionally, metal-assisted oxidized, multiwalled and few-walled carbon nanotubes. The method further comprises sonication in an organic solvent. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed nearly atomically smooth edges for narrow GNRs (2-30 nm). The GNRs exhibit ultra-high quality with low ratios of disorder (D) to graphitic (G) Raman bands (ID/IG). Further electrical transport through the valence-band of the GNRs exhibits metallic behavior with little disorder effect. At low temperatures, the GNRs exhibit high conductance and phase coherent electron transport through entire lengths. Sub 10 nm GNRs exhibit high on/off electrical switching useful for field effect transistors may also be prepared according to the present methods.

Abstract: A process for incorporating one or more particles in a conducting or semiconducting surface layer of a surface layer of the support, which comprises the steps of positioning one or more particles on the surface of the conducting surface layer and applying an electrical potential between the surface of the conducting surface layer and a second conducting surface, in an environment that contains an electrolyte, producing a modification of the chemical and/or physical state of the surface layer of the support and/or of the surface of the surface layer of the support and/or of the particle and incorporation of the particle or particles on the surface of the surface layer of the support.

Abstract: The invention provides immunostimulatory compositions and methods for their use. In particular, the immunostimulatory compositions of the invention include RNA-like polymers that incorporate an immunostimulatory sequence motif and at least one chemical modification to confer improved stability against nuclease degradation and improved activity. Specific modifications involving phosphate linkages, nucleotide analogs, and combinations thereof are provided. Compositions of the invention optionally include an antigen and can be used to stimulate an immune response. Also provided are compositions and methods useful for treating a subject having an infection, a cancer, an to allergic condition, or asthma. Modified oligoribonucleotide analogs of the invention are believed to stimulate Toll-like receptors TLR7 and TLR8.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of providing a plastic substrate with a metallic pattern and to a plastic substrate with a metallic pattern obtainable by said method. The method of the invention comprises i) replicating a pattern of recesses and protrusions on a plastic substrate by pressing a stamp having recesses and protrusions against the substrate, thereby providing said plastic substrate with recesses and protrusions; ii) removing said stamp from said substrate; iii)—applying a layer of seed material capable of initiating an electroless or electrochemical metal deposition process onto said plastic substrate in a selective pattern at least in the recesses of said plastic substrate to yield a substrate wherein said seed material remains selectively in the recesses of said substrate; and thereafter iv) using said seed material to initiate a metal deposition process.

Abstract: Methods of preparing pre-engineered surfaces using various nanolithography techniques to generate, isolate, and multiply homogeneous cell populations. Surfaces can be treated by etching before exposure to biological systems like cells. Stem cell applications are described.

Abstract: Carbon nanostructures such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes are formed from electrolyzed coal char. The electrolyzed coal char is formed by forming a slurry of coal particles, metal catalyst and water and subjecting this to electrolysis, which generates carbon dioxide and hydrogen. This forms a coating on the particles which includes metal catalysts. These particles can be used as is for formation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using a pyrolysis method or other method without the addition of any catalyst. The gelatinous coating can be separated from the char and used as a fuel or as a carbon source to form carbon nanostructures.

Abstract: An antimicrobial, dustproof fabric includes a textile material layer which is composed of microfibers with an average fiber diameter of from 1 to 100 ?m and contains an inorganic porous substance, and a nanofiber nonwoven fabric layer which is laminated on the textile material layer and has an average fiber diameter of at least 1 nm but less than 1,000 nm. Hygienic products such as masks obtained using the fabric efficiently block microbes such as viruses, and inactivate or destroy the captured microbes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting the presence or amount of an analyte, said method comprising (a) coupling the analyte to a carrier molecule, wherein the carrier molecule is larger in size, electrically charged and/or polar, to form an analyte:carrier molecule complex; (b) contacting the analyte:carrier molecule complex of (a) with an analyte-binding molecule coupled to a semiconducting nanostructure; and (c) determining the change in conductance upon binding of the analyte:carrier molecule complex to the analyte-binding molecule and correlating the determined change in conductance to the presence or amount of the analyte. Alternatively, the analyte:carrier molecule complex of (a) is immobilized on the nanostructure and the immobilized analyte:carrier molecule complex is contacted with the analyte-binding molecule.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to methods and devices for use in treating eye conditions with implantable drug delivery devices. One method includes introducing an implant into the suprachoroidal space, wherein the interior volume of the implant is plugged with a drug-release material comprising at least one active agent that elutes through at least one opening in the implant, wherein the drug-release material degrades from the interior volume of the implant over a period time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system that consists of a Hydrogen production device made up of a chamber (1-10) for hydrolyzing a metal hydride, separated by a thin membrane (1-1) superposed on a rigid grid (1-5) from at least one reservoir (1-3) containing a liquid solution for the reaction, with at least one hydride-based nanoscale element. This application is an extension and continuation of an alternate patent application with internal priority claim of a patent application No. 0806821, filed on Dec. 5, 2008; that is itself an extension of patent application No. 0806820 filed on Dec. 5, 2008; that is itself is an extension of patent application No. 0804598, file on Aug. 14, 2008; that is itself is an extension of a first invention patent application No. 0803019, filed on Jun. 2, 2008. The present application is therefore a continuation in part of the patent application No. FR0804598, file on Aug. 1, 2008 (PCT-FR/2009/000999, dated Aug. 12, 2009) that is a continuation in part of a first patent application No.

Abstract: Polymeric ionic liquids, methods of making and methods of using the same are disclosed.

Abstract: Nanostructured microelectrodes and biosensing devices incorporating the same are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a structure, including forming a composite film composed of a coating film and an organic or inorganic film on top of a substrate by forming the coating film on the surface of a template provided on top of the substrate; forming the organic or inorganic film on the surface of the coating film, and removing a portion of the organic or inorganic film and a portion of the coating film; forming a second coating film on the surface of the composite film; forming an organic coating film on the substrate that covers the second coating film; removing a portion of the second coating film; and forming a structure composed of a metal or metal oxide later on the substrate by removing all residues left on the substrate except for the coating film and the second coating film.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel strategies for mitigating the Staebler-Wronski Effect (SWE), that is, the light induced degradation in performance of photoconductivity in amorphous silicon. Materials according to the present invention include alloys or composites of amorphous silicon which affect the elasticity of the materials, amorphous silicon that has been grown on a flexed substrate, compression sandwiched comprising amorphous silicon, and amorphous silicon containing nanoscale features that allow stress to be relieved. The composites are formed with nanoparticles such as nanocrystals and nanotubes. Preferred are boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) including those that have been surface modified.

Abstract: A substrate for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). The substrate comprises at least one nanostructure protruding from a surface of the substrate and a SERS active metal over the at least one nanostructure, wherein the SERS active metal substantially covers the at least one nanostructure and the SERS active metal creates a textured layer on the at least one nanostructure.

Abstract: A method for forming direct metal-metal bond between metallic surfaces is disclosed. The method comprises depositing a first nanostructured organic coating (118) on a first metallic surface (116) to form a first passivation layer thereon, the first nanostructured organic coating (118) comprising an organic phase with nanoparticles dispersed within the organic phase, contacting the first nanostructured organic coating (118) with a second metallic surface (126), and applying on the first and second metallic surfaces (116, 126) at least a bonding temperature of at least room temperature and/or a bonding pressure for a bonding period to bond the first and second metallic surfaces (116, 126) thereby forming the direct metal-metal bond therebetween. A second nanostructured organic coating (128) comprising an organic phase with nanoparticles dispersed within the organic phase may also be deposited on the second metallic surface (126).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to functional nanofibers, methods of making the functional nanofibers, and products such as filters and membranes comprising mats of the functional nanofibers.

Abstract: Glassy carbon nanostructures are disclosed that can be used as electrode materials in batteries and electrochemical capacitors, or as photoelectrodes in photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry devices. In some embodiments channels (e.g., substantially cylindrically-shaped pores) are formed in a glassy carbon substrate, whereas in other embodiments, ridges are formed that extend along and over a glassy carbon substrate. In either case, a semiconductor and/or metal oxide may be deposited over the glassy carbon to form a composite material.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sensing strain are disclosed. A thin film sensor includes a thin film polymer matrix that has two electrical terminals, conductive nanoparticles dispersed within the polymer matrix, and carbon nanotubes dispersed within the polymer matrix. The thin film sensor has a resistivity across the two electrical terminals that varies with a magnitude of strain applied to the thin film sensor. Strain may be sensed by applying a voltage to the thin film sensor, and an electrical response of the thin film sensor may be detected due to a strain present across the sensor. A magnitude of the strain can be determined based on the electrical response. Methods and systems for a memristor are also disclosed. The memristor has a resistivity that varies with a time-varying voltage input and with a time-varying strain input.

Abstract: Featured are a biocompatible, injectable, self-setting, cohesive, bone-bonding and remodeling calcium phosphate composite material and its use in methods of repairing defective bone, e.g., in vertebroplasty augmentation and kyphoplasty.

Abstract: Methods, arrays, and systems for the optical analysis of multiple chemical, biological, or biochemical reactions are provided. The invention includes methods for producing arrays of micromirrors on transparent substrates, each micromirror comprising a nanostructure or optical confinement on its top. The arrays are produced by a process in which lateral dimensions of both the nanostructures and micromirrors are defined in a single step, allowing for control of the relative placement of the features on the substrate, minimizing the process-related defects, allowing for improved optical performance and consistency. In some aspects, the invention provides methods of selectively etching large features on a substrate while not concurrently etching small features. In some aspects, the invention provides methods of etching large features on a substrate using hard mask materials.

Abstract: Disclosed are a biomolecular sensor and a method of fabricating the same having high sensitivity and resolution by using a plurality of metal plates that change electrical properties of a plurality of nanostructures according to the attachment of biomolecules. The biomolecular sensor includes a substrate, first and second electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other on the substrate, a plurality of nanostructures disposed on the substrate to connect the first and second electrodes to each other, and a plurality of metal plates that change electrical properties of the plurality of nanostructures according to the attachment of biomolecules.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, which is capable of improving the initial coulomb efficiency of a lithium secondary battery, and the like. A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, which comprises lithium manganese iron phosphate and a lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide, is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for synthesizing nanostructures. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a reactor having a reaction zone and a conductive susceptor positioned in the reaction zone. The method includes the steps of transporting a gas mixture having an aerosolized catalyst, a feedstock and a carrier gas into the reaction zone of the reactor, inductively heating the reaction zone, and regulating a flow rate of the gas mixture to allow the catalyst to spend a sufficient amount of time in the reaction zone for the growth of nanostructures.

Abstract: “Frozen ionic liquid” microparticles and nanoparticles are disclosed, as are alternative methods of making the particles. The particles may be monodisperse or polydisperse, with spherical or other shapes. The particles may be prepared without specialized equipment, and without harsh conditions. The microparticles and nanoparticles have uses in biomedical, materials, analytical, and other fields.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a method for forming alginate microbeads. The method includes using a needle connected to a vibrator to continuously spot tiny alginate microdroplets in an oil layer. Subsequently, the temporarily formed alginate microdroplets sink into a CaCl2 solution to become gelled microbeads. As a whole, the method has opened up a route to perform alginate-microbead formation in a simple, continuous, controllable, uniform, cell-friendly, and less-contaminated manner.

Abstract: In accordance with the present disclosure, a process for synthesis of a complex hydride material for hydrogen storage is provided. The process includes mixing a borohydride with at least one additive agent and at least one catalyst and heating the mixture at a temperature of less than about 600° C. and a pressure of H2 gas to form a complex hydride material. The complex hydride material comprises MAlxByHz, wherein M is an alkali metal or group IIA metal, Al is the element aluminum, x is any number from 0 to 1, B is the element boron, y is a number from 0 to 13, and z is a number from 4 to 57 with the additive agent and catalyst still being present. The complex hydride material is capable of cyclic dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation and has a hydrogen capacity of at least about 4 weight percent.

Abstract: A system and process for controlling electronic interactions between two or more interactable materials.