Abstract: This invention discloses compositions and method for treating various types of skin disorders, based on topical cutaneous delivery of copper chemically bound with botanical pigments. Sodium-copper-chlorophyllin is used as an example, showing benefits in the treatment of rosacea, acne, oily skin, enlarged pores, and in relieving skin inflammation. Benefits are also disclosed in treatment of environmentally caused premature skin aging, via reductions in fine facial lines and wrinkles, increased tensile strength of the skin, and increased protection against sunlight via increased production of melanin. Therapeutic outcomes are improved when the copper-pigment complex is enclosed within submicron liposomes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for manufacturing a carbon nanofiber comprising: (a) mixing a carbon nanofiber precursor and camphor in a solvent to prepare a solution; (b) electric spinning the solution to obtain a nanofiber; (c) oxidative stabilizing the nanofiber; and (d) carbonizing the oxidative stabilized nanofiber, wherein camphor is volatilized to form micropores in the oxidative stabilization and carbonization. The present invention also provides a carbon nanofiber manufactured by the same.

Abstract: Carbon nanostructures such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes are formed from electrolyzed coal char. The electrolyzed coal char is formed by forming a slurry of coal particles, metal catalyst and water and subjecting this to electrolysis, which generates carbon dioxide and hydrogen. This forms a coating on the particles which includes metal catalysts. These particles can be used as is for formation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using a pyrolysis method or other method without the addition of any catalyst. The gelatinous coating can be separated from the char and used as a fuel or as a carbon source to form carbon nanostructures.

Abstract: A therapeutic method is described in which copper is delivered into the skin as a complex with sodium chlorophyllin. Sodium copper chlorophyllin is encapsulated in suitable lecithin-type liposomes, containing a high concentration of linoleic acid and having diameters in the range 150-350 nanometers. The method provides therapeutic benefits in the treatment of environmentally-induce premature skin aging, excessively oily skin, acne and acne-related skin disorders, acne-rosacea, and also stimulates the natural tanning response of skin to sunlight and other ultraviolet-containing radiation.

Abstract: A material is fabricated for capturing CO2 at mid-high temperature. The material is a layered material containing Ca, Al carbonates. A higher ratio of Ca to Al helps capturing CO2. The temperature for capturing CO2 is around 600° C. The material can even release CO2 at a high temperature. Thus, the material can process looping cycles of carbonation and decarbonization at a CO2 carbonation scale of 45% gCO2/g.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery, the electrode comprising a nano-crystalline layered-layered composite structure of a material having the general formula xLi2MO3(1?x)LiM?O2 in which 0<x<1, where M? is one or more ion with an average oxidation state of three and with at least one ion being Mn or Ni, and where M is one or more ions with an average oxidation state of four. Another aspect provides a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery, the electrode comprising a nano-crystalline layered-spinel composite structure of a material having the general formula XLi2MnO3. (1?X)LiMn2?yMyO4 in which 0.5<x<1.0, 0?y<1, and where M is one or more metal cations. Also provided is the positive electrode which comprises a nano-coating of inert oxide, inert phosphate or inert fluoride on the nano-crystalline composite structure.

Abstract: A method for controlled deposition and orientation of molecular sized nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) on substrates is disclosed. The method comprised: forming a thin layer of polymer coating on a substrate; exposing a selected portion of the thin layer of polymer to alter a selected portion of the thin layer of polymer; forming a suspension of nanostructures in a solvent, wherein the solvent suspends the nanostructures and activates the nanostructures in the solvent for deposition; and flowing a suspension of nanostructures across the layer of polymer in a flow direction; thereby: depositing a nanostructure in the suspension of nanostructures only to the selected portion of the thin layer of polymer coating on the substrate to form a deposited nanostructure oriented in the flow direction. By selectively employing portions of the method above, complex NEMS may be built of simpler NEMSs components.

Abstract: A method of preparing silver triangular bipyramids having a high shape selectivity and low edge length variation is disclosed. Also disclosed are silver triangular bipyramids prepared by this method.

Abstract: The current invention provides a method of fabricating quantum confinement (QC) in a solar cell that includes using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for providing at least one QC structure embedded into an intrinsic region of a p-i-n diode in the solar cell, where optical and electrical properties of the confinement structure are adjusted according to at least one dimension of the confinement structure. The QC structures can include quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum tubes, and quantum dots.

Abstract: Provided are a method of coating a catalyst metal layer by using a nucleic acid, and a method of forming nanocarbon using the method of coating a catalyst metal layer. The method of coating a catalyst metal layer includes preparing an aqueous solution; the aqueous solution including ions of a transition metal and a nucleic acid; disposing a carbon matrix including carbon, in the aqueous solution, and disposing a catalyst metal layer including a transition metal on a surface of the carbon matrix.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a method for the production of a nano-scale silicon dioxide, said method comprising the following steps: a) provision of an aqueous suspension of a colloidal silicon dioxide with an average particle size of 1 to 500 nm; b) allowing said suspension to react with an organosilane or organosiloxane in an aprotic cyclic ether and silanization of the colloidal silicon dioxide; c) separation of the aqueous phase of the reaction mixture from the organic phase; d) allowing the organic phase to react again with an organosilane or organosiloxane in an aprotic cyclic ether and silanization of the colloidal silicon dioxide; e) separation of the aqueous phase of the reaction mixture from the organic phase.

Abstract: A method of producing of the present invention is a method of producing a cup-shaped nanocarbon formed of graphene sheets. A nanocarbon molecule has a cup shape, a bottom surface and an upper surface thereof being opened. The method of producing of the present invention includes the following processes (A) and (B). (A) a process of preparing a cup-stacked carbon nanotube, in which cup-shaped nanocarbons having openings at the bottom surface and the upper surface are laminated; and (B) a process of separating the cup-shaped nanocarbon from the cup-stacked carbon nanotube by treating the cup-stacked carbon nanotube with a reducing agent.

Abstract: A catalyst member comprising a blended mixture of nano-scale metal particles compressed with larger metal particles and sintered to form a structurally stable member of any desired shape. The catalyst member can be used in one of many different applications; for example, as an electrode in a fuel cell or in an electrolysis device to generate hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, implantable or insertable medical devices are provided which contain (a) one or more depressions that contain at least one therapeutic agent, and (b) a nanoporous coating, disposed over the therapeutic-agent-containing depressions, which regulate transport of species between the therapeutic-agent-containing depressions and the exterior of the device. The implantable or insertable devices are configured to preform a role beyond mere drug delivery, for example, providing mechanical and/or electrical functions within the body, among other functions. An advantage of the present invention is that medical devices may be provided, which release therapeutic agents in quantities far exceeding the void volume within the nanoporous coating, while at the same time providing functionality that extends beyond drug delivery. Such release may further approach or achieve a zero order kinetic drug release profile.

Abstract: The cellulose nanofiber production method of the present invention comprises an oxidation treatment step for oxidizing native cellulose in a neutral or acidic reaction solution containing an N-oxyl compound and an oxidizing agent that oxidizes aldehyde groups, and a dispersion step for dispersing the native cellulose in a medium following the oxidation treatment step. According to the production method of the present invention, a cellulose nanofiber is provided that has long fibers and demonstrates high strength.

Abstract: Methods for using semiconductor nanocrystals for determining fluid movement, fluid dilution and fluid removal are described. Methods for using semiconductor nanocrystals for monitoring and quantifying the amounts of solid materials dissolved in a liquid are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing nanotubes from coaxial jets of immiscible liquids or poorly-miscible liquids. The purpose of the invention is to produce hollow fibers (nanotubes) or composite fibers having diameters ranging from a few micras to tens of nanometers and comprising walls, in the case of nanotubes, with a thickness ranging from hundreds of nanometers to a few nanometers. The inventive nanotube-formation method involves the generation of coaxial nanojets of two liquids using electrohydrodynamic technology.

Abstract: A multi-element metal chalcogenide and a method for preparing the same are provided. According to the present invention, the multi-element metal chalcogenide includes multiple metal elements. According to the present invention, a multi-element metal chalcogenide powder is prepared, and all of the multiple metal elements of the multi-element metal chalcogenide are derived from simple substance powders of the metal elements, and/or one or more alloy powders mixed in accordance with a mole ratio. Then, a solution phase synthesis of the powder of the multi-element metal chalcogenide is conducted under the normal pressure to prepare the multi-element metal chalcogenide. The multi-element metal chalcogenide can be coated to obtain a film or used to make a target and then bombard the target for sputtering a film. In such a way, a selenization process which is conventional in fabricating the semiconductor solar cell is eliminated, thus improving the production yield and efficiency.

Abstract: Hopcalite-type catalysts for oxidation of CO are formed by preparing a mixed-metal oxide precursor by firstly preparing a solution of a mixture of metal precursor compounds in a solvent, followed by contacting the solution with a supercritical antisolvent to precipitate the mixed-metal oxide precursor. A mixed-metal oxide may then be prepared from the precursor by oxidation, for example by calcination. The mixed-metal oxide is then collected and optionally activated for use as a catalyst. The activated or calcined catalyst contains a nano-structured mixed-phase composition comprising phase-separated intimately mixed nanoparticles of copper and manganese oxide.

Abstract: It is the purpose of this invention to present a process for producing carbon nanostructure in which the mechanism of continuous carbon nanostructure growth can be optimized and a high-quality carbon nanostructure can be produced, a catalyst for carbon nanostructure growth which is for use in the production, a raw-material gas and a carrier gas for producing the same, and an apparatus for producing the same. The process for carbon nanostructure production, in which the length of the nanostructure can be continuously controlled comprises feeding a carrier gas and a raw-material gas to a reaction chamber (4) to produce a carbon nanostructure (2) with a catalytic structure (6), wherein the concentrations of oxidation gases contained in the carrier gas and raw-material gas, such as oxygen and water (in the case of raw-material acetylene gas, minor ingredients such as DMF and acetone, which are solvents), are regulated to a moderate value.

Abstract: A nanostructure, being either an Inorganic Fullerene-like (IF) nanostructure or an Inorganic Nanotube (INT), having the formula A1?x-Bx-chalcognide are described. A being a metal or transition metal or an alloy of metals and/or transition metals, B being a metal or transition metal B different from that of A and x being ?0.3. A process for their manufacture and their use for modifying the electronic character of A-chalcognide are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multilayer material in which at least two components are jointed to each other via an adhesive bond. The adhesive bond is formed by an adhesive or bonding layer containing nanofiber material in a matrix that is suitable as an adhesive.

Abstract: A method for forming a nanocapillary network comprises dissolving a polyelectrolyte in a solvent to form a solution; electrospinning the solution to extract polyelectrolyte fibers; and organizing the polyelectrolyte fibers into a network. The method can further comprise processing the network to increase the density of the polyelectrolyte fibers in the network. The method can also further comprise processing the network to interconnect polyelectrolyte fibers. A method for forming a proton exchange membrane comprises dissolving a polyelectrolyte in a solvent to form a solution; electrospinning the solution to extract polyelectrolyte fibers; organizing the polyelectrolyte fibers into a network; and impregnating the network with a polymer to fill voids between polyelectrolyte fibers of the network.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating polymers which have C—C double bonds or C—N multiple bonds using a hydrogenation catalyst which comprises a megaporous substrate and a metal or precursor thereof which catalyzes the hydrogenation and has been deposited onto carbon nanofibers.

Abstract: The invention discloses a nano-fiber material, wherein the nano-fiber material is formed by spinning an ionic polymer into a nano-fiber nonwoven, and the ionic polymer is represented by the formula: wherein: R1 includes phenyl sulfonate or alkyl sulfonate; R2 includes R3 includes and m/n is between 1/50 and 50/1, q?0.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition useful for making homogeneously mineralized self assembled peptide-amphiphile nanofibers and nanofiber gels. The composition is generally a solution comprised of a positively or negatively charged peptide-amphiphile and a like signed ion from the mineral. Mixing this solution with a second solution containing a dissolved counter-ion of the mineral and/or a second oppositely charged peptide amphiphile, results in the rapid self assembly of the peptide-amphiphiles into a nanofiber gel and templated mineralization of the ions. Templated mineralization of the initially dissolved mineral cations and anions in the mixture occurs with preferential orientation of the mineral crystals along the fiber surfaces within the nanofiber gel. One advantage of the present invention is that it results in homogenous growth of the mineral throughout the nanofiber gel.

Abstract: A microreactor comprising a silicon wafer, a multiplicity of microchannels in the silicon wafer, and a catalyst coating the microchannels. In one embodiment the catalyst coating the microchannels comprises a nanostructured material. In another embodiment the catalyst coating the microchannels comprises an aerogel. In another embodiment the catalyst coating the microchannels comprises a solgel. In another embodiment the catalyst coating the microchannels comprises carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for exfoliating a layered material to produce nano-scaled platelets having a thickness smaller than 100 nm, typically smaller than 10 nm, and often between 0.34 nm and 1.02 nm. The process comprises: (a) charging a layered material to an intercalation chamber comprising a gaseous environment at a first temperature and a first pressure sufficient to cause gas species to penetrate into the interstitial space between layers of the layered material, forming a gas-intercalated layered material; and (b) operating a discharge valve to rapidly eject the gas-intercalated layered material through a nozzle into an exfoliation zone at a second pressure and a second temperature, allowing gas species residing in the interstitial space to exfoliate the layered material to produce the platelets. The gaseous environment preferably contains only environmentally benign gases that are reactive (e.g., oxygen) or non-reactive (e.g., noble gases) with the layered material.

Abstract: Some embodiments include methods of forming dispersions of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are incorporated into first coordination complexes in which the nanoparticles are coordinated to hydrophobic ligands, and the first coordination complexes are dispersed within a non-polar solvent. While the first coordination complexes are within the non-polar solvent, the ligands are reacted with one or more reactants to convert the first coordination complexes into second coordination complexes that contain hydrophilic ligands. The second coordination complexes are then extracted from the non-polar solvent into water, to form a mixture of the second coordination complexes and the water. In some embodiments, the mixture may be dispersed across a semiconductor substrate to form a uniform distribution of the nanoparticles across the substrate. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles may then be incorporated into flash memory devices as charge-trapping centers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a structure in which the surface of a solid substrate of any shape is covered with metal oxide, in particular, a nanostructure composite in which polyethyleneimine, which is an organic substance, and metal oxide, which is an inorganic substance, are combined in nano-meter scale, spreads at the entire surface of a substrate, and the nanostructure composite forms a nano-boundary of complex shapes so as to thoroughly cover the entire surface of the substrate; a structure in which metal ions, metal nano-particles, organic pigment molecules are contained in the nanostructure composite; a process for producing these structures which can produce these structures with ease and efficiently; and an application method for the structures as an immobilized catalyst type reactor.

Abstract: A biosensor is provided which includes a substrate, a source electrode on the substrate, a drain electrode on the substrate, and at least one functionalized nanobelt on a surface of the substrate between the source electrode and the drain electrode. Methods for sensing a biological or chemical analyte using the sensor is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to nanotechnology and, in particular, to wireframe nanostructures which may be formed from nucleic acids. In various aspects, the invention relates to molecular structures having a plurality of vertices and pathways connecting the vertices, which may be formed from nucleic acids, including bundles or tubes of nucleic acids. Such molecular structures may form shapes such as icosahedrons, octahedrons, tetrahedrons, or other polyhedra, which may define an interior space. The interior space may be used, for example, to contain a molecule for further study, or to contain a molecule for drug delivery purposes. In some cases, the molecular structure may be stabilized using relatively short nucleic acid strands that interact with two or more nucleic acid portions within the structure, thereby substantially immobilizing the portions relative to each other.

Abstract: The synthesis of nanostructures uses a catalyst that may be in the form of a thin film layer on a substrate. Precursor compounds are selected for low boiling point or already exist in gaseous form. Nanostructures are capable of synthesis with a masked substrate to form patterned nanostructure growth. The techniques further include forming metal nanoparticles with sizes <10 nm and with a narrow size distribution. Metallic nanoparticles have been shown to possess enhanced catalytic properties. The process may include plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition to deposit Ni, Pt, and/or Au nanoparticles onto the surfaces of SiO2, SiC, and GaN nanowires. A nanostructure sample can be coated with metallic nanoparticles in approximately 5-7 minutes. The size of the nanoparticles can be controlled through appropriate control of temperature and pressure during the process. The coated nanowires have application as gas and aqueous sensors and hydrogen storage.

Abstract: There are provided a semiconductor light emitting device using a phosphor film formed on a nanowire structure and a method of manufacturing the device, the device including: a substrate; a light emitting structure including a first conductivity type semiconductor layer, an active layer and a second conductivity type semiconductor layer sequentially formed on the substrate; a plurality of nanowire structures formed on the light emitting structure and formed of a transparent material; and a phosphor film formed on at least an upper surface and a side surface of each of the plurality of nanowire structures.

Abstract: A nanostructure includes a plurality of metal nanoblades positioned with one edge on a substrate. Each of the plurality of metal nanoblades has a large surface area to mass ratio and a width smaller than a length. A method of storing hydrogen includes coating a plurality of magnesium nanoblades with a hydrogen storage catalyst and storing hydrogen by chemically forming magnesium hydride with the plurality of magnesium nanoblades.

Abstract: Catalytic layers for use in the electrodes of fuel cells including a non-noble metal substrate layer coated with one or a few monolayers of noble metal, such as Pt. These thin, highly porous structures with large catalytically active surface areas, should exhibit a significantly higher power output per mg of Pt and per cm2 of the membrane than the current Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells catalytic layers.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of materials comprises the steps of: a) taking a first material comprising a compound of a first metal or of a first metal alloy, b) inserting said first material into an electrochemical cell as a first electrode, the electrochemical cell including a second electrode including a second metal different from a metal incorporated in the first material and an electrolyte adapted to transport the second metal to the first electrode and insert it into the first material by a current flowing in an external circuit resulting in the formation of a compound of the second metal in the first electrode material, the method being characterized by the step of treating the first electrode material after formation of the compound of the second metal to chemically remove at least some of the compound of the second metal to leave a material with a nanoporous structure.

Abstract: A method for forming an integrated circuit having openings in a mold layer and for producing capacitors is disclosed. In one embodiment, nanotubes or nanowires are grown vertically on a horizontal substrate surface. The nanotubes or nanowires serve as a template for forming openings in a mold layer. The substrate is covered with a mold material after the formation of the nanowires or nanotubes. One embodiment provides mold layers having openings with a much higher aspect ratio.

Abstract: A coating method is disclosed. The coating method comprises placing a substrate and a biomolecule in a chamber and applying a vapor deposition process within the chamber so as to form a solid deposition of the biomolecule on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to solution electrospinning processes for fabricating fibers, to the fibers prepared thereby, and to non-woven webs, fabrics, porous composite filter media, and articles comprising the fibers.

Abstract: A process for preparing nanocapsules having a core-shell structure, comprising: (a) preparing an oil-in-water emulsion by emulsification of an oily phase that comprises a core material, in an aqueous phase, under high shear forces, wherein one or both of the oily phase, and the aqueous phase comprises a sol-gel precursor; (b) subjecting the emulsion obtained in (a) to a high pressure homogenization to obtain a nano-emulsion; and (c) applying conditions for hydrolyzing and polycondensing the sol-gel precursor to obtain nanocapsules having a metal oxide shell encapsulating the core material, said nanocapsules have a particle size distribution of: d10=10-80 nm, d50=30-200 nm, and d90=70-500 nm, in diameter. The invention also relate to nanocapsules having the above particle size distribution and to composition comprising the nanocapsules.

Abstract: A method for forming a porous filamentous nanocarbon involves radially forming a tunnel-like mesopore from an outer periphery toward the central axis of a filamentous nano carbon by attaching a material having a metal catalyst on an outer periphery of the filamentous nanocarbon and removing a carbon hexagonal plane through gasification in virtue of the metal catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel cell which is good in gas permeability of a diffusion layer, exhibits good discharge of water vapor and a carbon dioxide gas, and can improve output properties. The fuel cell includes a cell (20), which comprises an electrolyte membrane (22), a cathode layer (24) provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane and an anode layer (26) provided on the other side thereof and in which a redox reaction takes place between a fed fuel, such as methane, and an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen, through the electrolyte membrane (22) to generate an electromotive force, and is characterized in that a diffusion layer (24b, 26b), which is composed of a carbon fiber fabric having a protrusion part (24c, 26c) protruded outward from a side face to which a fuel or oxidizing agent will be fed, is provided on at least one of the cathode layer (24) and the anode layer (26).

Abstract: Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Abstract: A method for the production of long, high aspect ratio boron nitride nanotubes and boron nitride nanotube fibrils composed of single or few walled boron nitride nanotubes aligned in bundles of nanotubes 20 ?m and longer at a rate of above about 1 meter per second. Nanotube yarns comprised of twisted bundles of such nanotube fibrils are also described.

Abstract: An aggregated crystalline silicon powder with a BET surface area of 20 to 150 m2/g is provided. The aggregated silicon powder may be doped with phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, europium, erbium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, thulium, lutetium, lithium, ytterbium, germanium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, or zinc.

Abstract: In a method for functionalizing a carbon nanotube surface, the nanotube surface is exposed to at least one vapor including at least one functionalization species that non-covalently bonds to the nanotube surface, providing chemically functional groups at the nanotube surface, producing a functionalized nanotube surface. A functionalized nanotube surface can be exposed to at least one vapor stabilization species that reacts with the functionalization layer to form a stabilization layer that stabilizes the functionalization layer against desorption from the nanotube surface while providing chemically functional groups at the nanotube surface, producing a stabilized nanotube surface. The stabilized nanotube surface can be exposed to at least one material layer precursor species that deposits a material layer on the stabilized nanotube surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to microbiological processes using non-selenium-respiring bacteria for the production of elemental selenium nanospheres having a size in the 50-500 nm range and compositions comprising said nanospheres. The invention further concerns grey elemental selenium nanospheres directly obtainable by the processes of the invention. The compositions and materials of the invention are useful, in particular, as food additives and for use as raw material in the microelectronic and optical industries.

Abstract: A composite material for electromagnetic interference shielding is provided. The composite material comprises a stack including at least two electrically conductive nanoscale fiber films, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one insulating gap positioned between the at least two nanoscale fiber films. The stack is effective to provide a substantial multiple internal reflection effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of nanoscale zinc oxide, prepared by a sol-gel process, as curing catalyst, in particular for liquid coatings.