Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus and methods for the rapid determination of analytes in liquid samples by immunoassays incorporating magnetic capture of beads on a sensor capable of being used in the point-of-care diagnostic field.

Abstract: A fuel piping structure includes a fuel pipe, a pressure sensor in communication with the fuel pipe through a communication channel, and a sensor holding part including a projecting part projecting to an outer-peripheral side, being connected to the fuel pipe, and holding the pressure sensor disposed therein. A ring-shaped elastic member is provided between an underside of the projecting part and the fuel pipe, the projecting part being pressed against the fuel pipe. The tip side of the sensor holding part on which a ring-shaped seal member is provided is inserted into a recessed part of the fuel pipe and in communication with the inside of the fuel pipe, and the communication channel is in communication with the recessed part. In the sensor holding part, a conduction channel for a seal test is formed from an end face of the projecting part to the seal member.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for detection at least one of nitrite (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and other nitrogen oxides (NOx) on a substrate, such as skin. According to one aspect, a diagnostic device for measuring a concentration of at least one of nitrite (NO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), and other nitrogen oxides (NOx) on a substrate comprises a patch comprising at least one chemical compound capable of reacting with the at least one of nitrite, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, and other nitrogen oxides to provide an indicator.

Abstract: A method and microfluidic device useful for isolating microbes from a blood sample which includes introducing the blood sample into the sample inlet of a spiral microfluidic device; and introducing a second fluid into the sheath inlet of the microfluidic device, wherein the spiral channel terminates in a microbe outlet and a waste outlet, and wherein the spiral channel includes a length, height, and a width that define an aspect ratio adapted to isolate any microbes present in the sample along a first portion of the spiral channel terminating at the microbe outlet, and to isolate red blood cells and leukocytes along a second portion of the spiral channel terminating at the waste outlet; and collecting the microbes from the microbe outlet, thereby isolating the microbes.

Abstract: The invention relates to bead incubating and washing on a droplet actuator. Methods for incubating magnetically responsive beads that are labeled with primary antibody, a sample (i.e., analyte), and secondary reporter antibodies on a magnet, on and off a magnet, and completely off a magnet are provided. Also provided are methods for washing magnetically responsive beads using shape-assisted merging of droplets. Also provided are methods for shape-mediated splitting, transporting, and dispensing of a sample droplet that contains magnetically responsive beads. The apparatuses and methods of the invention provide for rapid time to result and optimum detection of an analyte in an immunoassay.

Abstract: A microfluidic structure in which a plurality of chambers arranged at different positions are connected in parallel and into which a fixed amount of fluid may be efficiently distributed without using a separate driving source, and a microfluidic device having the same. The microfluidic device includes a platform having a center of rotation and including at least one microfluidic structure. The microfluidic structure includes a sample supply chamber configured to accommodate a sample, a plurality of first chambers arranged in a circumferential direction of the platform at different distances from the center of rotation of the platform, and a plurality of siphon channels, each of the siphon channels being connected to a corresponding one of the first chambers.

Abstract: A technique relates to a fluidic cell configured to hold a nanofluidic chip. A first plate is configured to hold the nanofluidic chip. A second plate is configured to fit on top of the first plate, such that the nanofluidic chip is held in place. The second plate has at least one first port and at least one second port. The second plate has an entrance hole configured to communicate with an inlet hole of the nanofluidic chip. The second port is angled above the first port, such that the first port and second port intersect to form a junction. The second port is formed to have a line-of-sight to the entrance hole, such that the second port is configured to receive input for extracting air trapped at a vicinity of the entrance hole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to analytical testing devices comprising fluidic junctions and methods for assaying coagulation in a fluid sample received within the fluidic junctions. For example, the present invention may be directed to a sample analysis cartridge including an inlet chamber, a first conduit comprising a first junction configured to split a biological sample into at least first and second segments, a second conduit comprising a first reagent, a first sensor region, and a first fluidic lock valve, and a third conduit comprising a second reagent, a second sensor region, and a second fluidic lock valve. The sample analysis cartridge further includes a pump configured to push the first segment over the first sensor region to the first fluidic lock valve, and push the second segment over the second sensor region to the second fluidic lock valve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to analytical testing devices comprising segmented fluidics and methods for assaying coagulation in a fluid sample received within the segmented fluidics. For example, the present invention may be directed to sample analysis cartridge including an inlet chamber, a first conduit comprising a first junction configured to split a biological sample into at least first and second segments, a second conduit comprising a first reagent, a first sensor region, and a first fluidic lock valve, and a third conduit comprising a first flow restrictor region, a second reagent, and a second sensor region. The sample analysis cartridge further includes a pump configured to independently mix the first segment in the second conduit and the second segment in the third conduit, and independently position the first segment over the first sensor region and position the second segment over the second sensor region.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a biologic fluid sample includes the steps of: a) providing a spatially mapped chamber; b) providing a predetermined repeatable non-uniform spatial distribution of one or more constituents within the sample, which distribution indicates the presence or absence of a statistically significant number of constituents within the sample in each chamber sub-region; c) selecting one or more image techniques for each sub-region based on the presence or absence of the statistically significant number of one or more constituents in that sub-region as indicated by the distribution; d) creating image data representative of the biologic fluid sample in each sub-region, using the one or more image techniques selected for that sub-region; and e) analyzing the sample.

Abstract: In this system, the carbon component of atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) is measured by: heating a sample in a first oven under such conditions as to fractionate the carbon component into carbon fractions; completely converting each carbon fraction into carbon dioxide gas in a second oven; and then measuring the amount of carbon dioxide gas in the carbon fraction precisely. In the system, the problem that a TCD detector cannot measure a low-concentration fraction is solved by using a combustion gas in a non-diluted state, though a combustion gas diluted 150-fold is used in a conventional elemental analyzer. Thus, the present invention develops an international standard instrument in which one standard sample is used and which enables simple standardized measuring acceptable to The International System of Units (SI).

Abstract: An inventory tracking system to determine the location of an article labeled with an RFID tag in a pocket of a container having a plurality of pockets. The system includes an antenna device that transmits a radiation beam into a pocket to read data from tagged articles. The antenna device includes a first antenna that transmits a beam at the pocket and a second antenna co-located with the first antenna. The second antenna transmits a beam with a predetermined null area oriented to overlap the first antenna's beam at the pocket. In another embodiment, the antenna device includes an antenna that transmits a beam through an antenna gateway device having openings switchable to operable or inoperable states aligned with each pocket. An RFID reader receives the read data from responding tagged articles, and a processor uses the read data to determine whether an article is in a particular pocket.

Abstract: A specimen inspection apparatus into which a specimen transporting apparatus is inserted, the specimen inspection apparatus including: a platform including an upper plate and a lower plate disposed to face each other and to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance; an injection part provided in the upper plate, a front end of the specimen transporting apparatus being inserted into the injection part; an introduction part connected to the injection part and provided between the upper and lower plate; and a plurality of stepped parts provided in the introduction part.

Abstract: A non-invasive measurement of biological tissue reveals information about the function of that tissue. Polarized light is directed onto the tissue, stimulating the emission of fluorescence, due to one or more endogenous fluorophors in the tissue. Fluorescence anisotropy is then calculated. Such measurements of fluorescence anisotropy are then used to assess the functional status of the tissue, and to identify the existence and severity of disease states. Such assessment can be made by comparing a fluorescence anisotropy profile with a known profile of a control.

Abstract: “Zero-click” viewing of sensor data without any user input is provided. A display with sensor data may be “always on,” and may enable discrete viewing of sensor data without significant user hassle. Also, a system may be configured to display only current data, and/or to display the most current data for only a set interval. Also, one device in a continuous analyte monitoring system may be designated as a primary device, or hub, for receiving sensor data, and may control the flow of information and/or alerts to other devices in the system. Sensor data and/or alerts may be sent to a hierarchy of devices and/or persons in a designated order.

Abstract: Methods and systems for separating and/or quantifying peptides using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) are provided herein. In accordance with various aspects of the applicant's teachings, the methods and systems can provide for the separation of one or more peptides, for example, peptides that may be difficult to separate with conventional techniques, such as mass spectrometry (MS), by complexing the peptides with a metal cation (e.g., Ca2+) prior to DMS. In some aspects, the present teachings can prevent proton stripping from ionized peptides that can occur in DMS to prevent unintended and/or undesirable alterations to the peptide's charge state distribution.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus for depositing and retrieving large volumes of test tubes in/from a warehouse, comprising an input/output module of a first and a second container with a plurality of test tubes, a multiple pick up device of test tubes, a single pick up device of test tubes, a first and second station for the provisional allocation of said containers and a motorized traveling lift able to carry said first and second container simultaneously on two distinct coplanar locations.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for performing automated assays, and particularly to performing sequential assays on a sample on an automated instrument.

Abstract: A method of processing a liquid sample containing an initial quantity of nucleic acids that involves providing a plastic, disposable laboratory implement having at least one transparent wall segment made of a polypropylene mixed with an amount of a clarifier additive that is at least twice as high as is necessary to obtain transparency in the polypropylene, wherein the transparent wall segment exhibits a surface gloss greater than 160 as measured per DIN 67530 at an angle of 60°, bringing the liquid sample into contact with the at least one transparent wall segment and removing the liquid sample from the at least transparent wall segment, wherein the nucleic acid adsorption ratio for the transparent wall segment is less than 3 (wt/wt) relative to relative to the initial quantity of nucleic acids in the liquid sample.

Abstract: A method for controlled movement of magnetic carriers in a sample volume for performing immunoassays under weightless or reduced-weight conditions, wherein the magnetic carriers are moved inside the sample volume by means of permanent magnets movably arranged relative to at least one spatial axis of the sample volume.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pipette assembly and a liquid handling element employing such a pipette assembly for filling containers. The pipette assembly comprises a biasing member that prevents the containers from being displaced vertically upon withdrawal of the pipette assembly from the containers.

Abstract: A device configured for rotation about an axis of rotation to drive liquid flow within the device. The device includes a detection chamber having opposed first second ends and two optical features defining an optical path through the detection chamber, between the first and second ends. The detection chamber includes a first liquid inlet disposed at the first end on a first side of the optical path, a first liquid outlet disposed at the second end of the detection chamber on the first side of the optical path and a second liquid outlet disposed at the second end of the detection chamber on a second side of the optical path. The first side of the optical path is radially outwards of the second side of the optical path.

Abstract: A method for detecting presence of a macromolecule of interest in a test droplet. A set of detection electrodes are provided in contact with a fluidic channel. The test droplet is provided in vicinity of the detection electrodes through the fluidic channel. An alternate current (AC) power at a first frequency is applied across the set of detection electrodes. A first measurement value that reflects electrical characteristics (e.g., impedance) of the test droplet at the first frequency is obtained. This value is compared with a corresponding reference value, wherein the corresponding reference value is obtained by measuring a reference droplet containing the macromolecule of interest or free of the macromolecule at the first frequency. The presence of the macromolecule in the test droplet is thus determined based on the comparison.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a biologic fluid sample includes the steps of: a) providing a spatially mapped chamber; b) providing a predetermined repeatable non-uniform spatial distribution of one or more constituents within the sample, which distribution indicates the presence or absence of a statistically significant number of constituents within the sample in each chamber sub-region; c) selecting one or more image techniques for each sub-region based on the presence or absence of the statistically significant number of one or more constituents in that sub-region as indicated by the distribution; d) creating image data representative of the biologic fluid sample in each sub-region, using the one or more image techniques selected for that sub-region; and e) analyzing the sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to DNA sequencing with reagent cycling on the wiregrid. The sequencing approach suggested with which allows to use a single fluid with no washing steps. Based on strong optical confinement and of excitation light and of cleavage light, the sequencing reaction can be read-out without washing the surface. Stepwise sequencing is achieved by using nucleotides with optically cleavable blocking moietys. After read-out the built in nucleotide is deblocked by cleavage light through the same substrate. This ensures that only bound nucleotides will be unblocked.

Abstract: In some embodiments, methods of recovering a sequence-verified target nucleic acid are provided. In some embodiments, such methods may include tagging each member of a nucleic acid library with a set of adaptor sequences; sequencing the tagged members of the nucleic acid library; and recovering the sequence-verified target nucleic acid from the tagged and sequenced members of the nucleic acid library using a dial-out selection method. In certain embodiments, the members of the nucleic acid library may be tagged with a second set of adaptor sequences.

Abstract: A measurement chip (100) is disclosed for use with a microfluidic resistance network (20) comprising a microfluidic sample preparation stage (34, 38), a sample outlet (42) and a waste outlet (44) both in fluidic communication with said preparation stage. The measurement chip comprises a sample channel (104) for receiving a sample from said sample outlet (42), the sample channel comprising measurement means (120, 130) and having a first fluidic resistance; and a waste channel (114) for receiving a waste stream from said waste outlet (44) and having a second fluidic resistance.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a fluorescence immunochromatography method carried out by illuminating a fluorescent substance in a membrane with excitation light and detecting fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent substance, by applying a sample to a test strip having a membrane and a transparent film attached to the surface of the membrane, wherein the transparent film satisfies Formula (1) Formula (1) nFf>nWf (nFf: refractive index of transparent film at wavelength ?f of the fluorescence) (nWf: refractive index of analyte liquid at wavelength ?f of the fluorescence), and wherein the membrane contains a fluorescent labeling reagent which binds to target substance contained in the sample; binding the fluorescent labeling reagent to the target substance; immobilizing the fluorescent labeling reagent bound to the target substance in the membrane; detecting the presence of target substance.

Abstract: We describe a method of layer-by-layer deposition of a plurality of layers of material onto the wall or walls of a channel of a microfluidic device, the method comprising: loading a tube with a series of segments of solution, a said segment of solution bearing a material to be deposited; coupling said tube to said microfluidic device; and injecting said segments of solution into said microfluidic device such that said segments of solution pass, in turn, through said channel depositing successive layers of material to perform said layer-by-layer deposition onto said wall or walls of said channel. Embodiments of the methods are particularly useful for automated surface modification of plastic, for example PDMS (Poly(dimethylsiloxane)), microchannels. We also describe methods and apparatus for forming double-emulsions.

Abstract: A MEMS device, a method of making a MEMS device and a system of a MEMS device are shown. In one embodiment, a MEMS device includes a first polymer layer, a MEMS substrate disposed on the first polymer layer and a MEMS structure supported by the MEMS substrate. The MEMS device further includes a first opening disposed in the MEMS substrate and a second opening disposed in the first polymer layer.

Abstract: An imager may include an array of pixels formed on a substrate. A chemisorption layer such as a planar chemisorption layer may be deposited over the array of pixels. The chemisorption layer may include active sites that bond with anchoring molecules. The anchoring molecules may be bonded to the planar chemisorption layer in only localized regions each covering a respective pixel of the array of pixels. The image sensor may include a photoresist layer that covers the chemisorption layer. Openings in the photoresist layer may define the boundaries of the localized regions. The anchoring molecules may be bonded only with the chemisorption layer without bonding to the photoresist layer. The anchoring molecules may serve to bond with analyte molecules. By forming the anchoring molecules within only localized regions centered over respective pixels, spatial resolution of the imager when imaging the analyte molecules may be improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of isolating and analyzing an analyte using an analytical apparatus which comprises modules of different types, wherein any one module of one type has a specific, pre-defined timing for carrying out its workflow.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a molecularly imprinted structure for detection of a pentraxin protein and a method for preparing the same by synthesizing a reactive group-pentraxin protein ligand complex specifically reacting with the pentraxin protein and being polymerizable with a crosslink agent to detect a pentraxin protein by using the complex. The present disclosure also provides a chip for detection of a C-reactive protein and a method for preparing the same, the chip including a molecularly imprinted layer having excellent sensitivity to a C-reactive protein and an improved binding force to a metal substrate by using click chemistry.

Abstract: An analyzer provides conditions suitable for a reagent for performing latex immunoassay with a high sensitivity using a method of measuring scattered light. Irradiation light having a wavelength in the range of 0.65 to 0.75 ?m is used, and scattered light generated from a reaction solution is received at a light-receiving angle of 15° to 35° with respect to the irradiation direction during the rotational movement of the reaction container. The reagent contains latex particles the average peak particle diameter of which ranges from 0.3 ?m to 0.43 ?m and to which antibodies are sensitized. The reaction solution contains latex particles at a concentration at which the absorbance to irradiation light having a wavelength of 0.7 ?m is 0.25 abs to 1.10 abs, and a change in the amount of scattered light caused by the aggregation of the latex particles through antigens in a sample is measured and quantified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of sorting submillimetric particles entrained in a fluid flowing in an axial direction of a main channel, the particles being of density different from the density of the fluid, and the method being characterized in that it implements, in a first region of the main channel, focusing of the particles along a wall (7) of the main channel (1) by means of at least one focusing device (3), and downstream from said region, collecting of particles in at least one sorting and take-off device (40) in communication with the main channel (1) via an opening such that the particles collected are selected by the take-off device as a function of the size of said particles, and in that said at least one sorting and take-off device is a recirculation chamber (40) in communication with the main channel (1) and presenting at least one recirculation zone (41) for concentrating the collected particles.

Abstract: Conventional laboratory tests require calibration before each test. This results in the need for a reagent for calibration before each test. Additionally, calibration takes a long time, and the total TAT (Turn Around Time) of a testing system increases. The testing system thus suffers from the difficulty of improving the testing efficiency. This invention, which has been made to solve the problem, provides a testing element for performing a laboratory test, wherein the testing element includes an information recording section at the surface of and/or inside the testing element, and the information recording section stores information on a characteristic of the testing element.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for detecting molecules of interest within a collected sample are described herein. In certain embodiments, self-contained sample analysis systems are disclosed, which include a reusable reader component, a disposable cartridge component, and a disposable sample collection component. In some embodiments, the reader component communicates with a remote computing device for the digital transmission of test protocols and test results. In various disclosed embodiments, the systems, components, and methods are configured to identify the presence, absence, and/or quantity of particular nucleic acids, proteins, or other analytes of interest, for example, in order to test for the presence of one or more pathogens or contaminants in a sample.

Abstract: Provided is a micro-chip for diagnosis, including a unit process part located apart from a rotation center, which includes: a target substance capturing unit having a capture passage and a capturing means filling a capture passage; a sample storing unit connected to capture passage and giving an inner space in which a sample is stored; a washing buffer chamber connected to the capture passage and giving an inner space in which a washing buffer is stored; an elution buffer chamber connected to the capture passage and giving an inner space in which an elution buffer is stored; a reaction solution chamber giving a space in which a reaction solution required for a PCR process is stored; a discharge passage connected to the target substance capturing unit and the reaction solution chamber; a wasted solution chamber connected to the discharge passage; and a target substance chamber connected to the discharge passage.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a biologic fluid sample includes the steps of: a) providing a spatially mapped chamber; b) providing a predetermined repeatable non-uniform spatial distribution of one or more constituents within the sample, which distribution indicates the presence or absence of a statistically significant number of constituents within the sample in each chamber sub-region; c) selecting one or more image techniques for each sub-region based on the presence or absence of the statistically significant number of one or more constituents in that sub-region as indicated by the distribution; d) creating image data representative of the biologic fluid sample in each sub-region, using the one or more image techniques selected for that sub-region; and e) analyzing the sample.

Abstract: Sensor system with a sensor device having a through-flow cell for liquid, a detector device for measuring a property of the liquid in the through-flow cell and for generating an associated detector signal, a sensor control for analyzing the detector signal, wherein the sensor control detects a liquid transition between two different liquids in the through-flow cell when a change (per unit time) in the detector signal is greater is than a threshold value. In the case of such a liquid transition detection, the sensor control generates an alarm signal. Liquid transition detection is carried out by optical, temperature and/or conductivity sensors.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for detecting a fluid surface, comprising the following steps: providing at least one probe having an electric capacitance with respect to its surroundings; moving the probe into or out of a fluid; charging the probe by applying a periodic first electric signal to the probe for activating the probe; applying a periodic third electric signal to one or more electrically conductive regions different from the probe simultaneously with applying the first electric signal to the probe, wherein the third electric signal corresponds to the first electric signal or an amplified/damped first electric signal; at least partially discharging the probe so as to obtain a discharging current; detecting a second electric signal based on the discharging current; analyzing the second electric signal or a signal derived from the second electric signal with respect to the capacitance of the probe; identifying the fluid surface of the fluid based on a change of the capacitance of the probe

Abstract: An automated sample processing system includes a sample input adapted to receive at least one sample container holder manually provided by a user, a consumable input adapted to receive one or more unused consumable supplies manually provided by a user, a waste output adapted to receive used consumable supplies, an automated processing apparatus, and a sample output, wherein the automated processing apparatus includes a decapper adapted to remove a lid from the at least one sample container, at least one agitator adapted to agitate and thereby homogenize the contents of the at least one sample container, a sample collector adapted to remove fluid specimen from the at least one sample container and transfer the specimen to at least one output carrier, and a capper adapted to replace the lid on the at least one sample container.

Abstract: A sensor includes an organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) that operates under low voltage conditions in an aqueous environment. According to an example embodiment, an OTFT includes an organic channel that electrically connects source and drain electrodes, with a gate electrode separated from the channel by a dielectric layer. The channel, gate and dielectric layer are arranged to facilitate switching of the channel region to pass current between the source and drain electrodes, in response to a low voltage applied to the gate electrode, when the channel is exposed to an aqueous solution. The current that is passed is indicative of characteristics of the aqueous solution, and is used to characterize the same. For various implementations, the low voltage operation of the sensor facilitates such characterization with substantially no ionic conduction through an analyte in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for isolating individual target cells. The apparatus includes a body structure comprising a main channel, a collection channel, and a waste channel fluidly coupled at a first fluid junction. A plurality of trapping channels intersect the collection channel, each trapping channel having a diameter at a location adjacent to the intersection of the trapping channel with the collection channel that is less than a diameter of an individual target cell. The apparatus also includes an imaging system configured to image individual target and non-target cells within the main channel, thereby producing imaging data; a processor configured to perform real-time, multivariate analyses of the imaging data; and a directing system configured to direct the individual target cells. A pressure source is in fluid communication with one or more of the collection channel, the waste channel, the first side channel, and the second side channel.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for research, diagnostic, drug screening, and therapeutic applications related to paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis and related conditions. In particular, the present invention provides mutations in the myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 (MR-1) gene associated with such conditions.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and systems are provided that allow for reliable sequencing of the initial sequence region of a sequence of interest. The methods of the invention allow for more reliable barcoding of subpopulations of nucleic acids to be sequenced.

Abstract: Described herein is an underwater vehicle having a vehicle body with a buoyancy controller adapted to vary the buoyancy of the vehicle in order to control motion of the vehicle through an underwater environment. The vehicle further includes a sampling system and a sensor arrangement. The sampling system is adapted to sequentially sample fluid from the underwater environment at specified sampling times resulting in a sample sequence, each sample associated with a sample time and a fluid flow rate. The sensor arrangement includes a plurality of molecule sensors adapted to sense organic molecules in each respective sample of the sample sequence.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of circulating magnetically responsive beads within a droplet in a droplet actuator. The invention also provides methods for splitting droplets. The invention, in one embodiment, makes use of a droplet actuator with top and bottom substrates, a plurality of magnetic fields respectively present proximate the top and bottom substrates, wherein at least one of the magnet fields is selectively alterable, and a plurality of droplet operations electrodes positioned along at least one of the top and bottom surfaces. A droplet is positioned between the top and bottom surfaces and at least one of the magnetic fields is selectively altered.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining the selection criteria that in its embodiments can distinguish compounds that successfully meet an objective from those that do not, determine the importance of selection criterion in selecting test compounds that have a high probability of achieving an objective and automatically apply the selection criteria to select test compounds with a high chance of meeting an objective.

Abstract: Electrophysiology culture plates are provided and are formed from a transparent microelectrode array (MEA) plate. The MEA plate comprises a substrate, a first layer and a first insulating layer. The substrate has a plurality of vias extending from an upper to a lower surface, each via being in electrical contact with each of a plurality of contact pads disposed on the lower surface. The first layer is disposed on the upper surface of the substrate and has a plurality of MEA arrays in electrical communication with at least a first routing layer. Each MEA array comprises a plurality of reference electrodes and a plurality of microelectrodes and the first routing layer is in electrical communication with a select number of the plurality of vias. A first insulating layer is disposed on the first layer.