Abstract: An implantable pulse generator (IPG) allowing for trial stimulation in a fully implanted solution is disclosed. At the time the leads are implanted, a micro IPG having lead connection block(s) is also implanted and connected to the leads. To keep the micro IPG suitably small, it preferably does not include a battery, and is instead powered continuously via magnetic induction using a magnetic field produced by an external charger, such as a charging patch. A coil in the micro IPG picks up and rectifies this magnetic field to provide power to stimulating electronics in the IPG. Because of its small size (e.g., ?10 cm3), implantation of the micro IPG can occur at the same time the leads are implanted in the patient without inconvenience. Should stimulation therapy with the micro IPG prove effective, a larger, permanent IPG can later be implanted and connected to the implanted leads.

Abstract: A method of culturing cells or tissue comprises: (a) disposing cells or tissue in the cavity of a deformable cell culture container; and (b) applying synchronized chronic electrical stimulation and stretch to the cells or tissue in the deformable culture cell container, wherein the synchronized chronic electrical stimulation is applied in the form of pulses at a frequency of from 0.010-99 Hz and a duration of from 0.4 to 24 ms; and wherein stretch cycles are applied to the cells or tissue at a frequency of from 0.010 to 15 Hz.

Abstract: A patient parameter monitoring pod in embodiments of the teachings may include one or more of the following features: (a) portable housing containing a power supply, (b) a patient parameter module connectable to a patient via lead cables to collect patient data, the patient data including at least one vital sign, (c) a transceiver adapted to wirelessly transmit the patient data to a defibrillator, (d) a data port adapted to supply the patient data via a direct electrical connection to the defibrillator, and (e) a carrying handle extending from the housing proximate a patient lead cable port that permits connection of the lead cables to the pod, the carrying handle positioned to protect the patient lead cable port and the patient lead cables attached to the port from direct impact.

Abstract: An implantable control module for an electrical stimulation system includes a connector housing including a connector having one or more ports and connector contacts disposed within the connector; a metal electronics housing coupled to the connector housing; an electronic subassembly disposed within the metal electronics housing; and a feedthrough assembly disposed between the connector housing and the metal electronics housing and including at least one non-conductive block and conductive feedthroughs extending through the at least one non-conductive block and electrically coupling the electronic subassembly to the connector contacts. The metal electronics housing includes a metal sheet bent to form at least a portion of the first major surface and at least a portion of the second major surface. The first major surface has a length and includes a first sealed seam extending along an entirety of the length of the first major surface.

Abstract: A portable medical device having an intravenous line flow sensor integrated into a cable. The portable medical device may be a defibrillator having an ECG or electrode cable couple to ECG or electrode leads. The flow sensor may be integrated into the ECG or electrode cable. The portable medical device uses the flow sensor to capture and store information about fluids delivered to a patient being treated with the portable medical device. The information may include total volume provided, flow rate, and the like. The information may then be used to evaluate the treatment provided to the patient.

Abstract: Described are methods for the improvement of neural communication between implanted and existing tissue. Methods herein use synchronous low frequency magnetic or electric stimulation of both regions to enhance communication and facilitate regeneration of nerve fibers across the tissue interface.

Abstract: Timing channel circuitry for controlling stimulation circuitry in an implantable stimulator is disclosed. The timing channel circuitry comprises a addressable memory. Data for the various phases of a desired pulse are stored in the memory using different numbers of words, including a command indicative of the number of words in the phase, a next address for the next phase stored in the memory, and a pulse width or duration of the current phase, control data for the stimulation circuitry, pulse amplitude, and electrode data. The command data is used to address through the words in the current phase via the address bus, which words are sent to a control register for the stimulation circuitry. After the duration of the pulse width for the current phase has passed, the stored next address is used to access the data for the next phase stored in the memory.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) using electrical energy. In general, the methods and devices can facilitate activation of BAT to increase thermogenesis. The BAT can be activated by applying an electrical signal thereto that can be configured to target sympathetic nerves that can directly innervate the BAT. The electrical signal can be configured to target the sympathetic nerves using fiber diameter selectivity. In other words, the electrical signal can be configured to activate nerve fibers having a first diameter without activating nerve fibers having diameters different than the first diameter. Sympathetic nerves include postganglionic unmyelinated, small diameter fibers, while parasympathetic nerves that can directly innervate BAT include preganglionic myelinated, larger diameter fibers.

Abstract: A neurostimulation system having an external or an implantable pulse generator programmed to innervate a specific nerve or group of nerves in a patient through an electrode as a mode of treatment, having a patient remote that wirelessly communicates with the pulse generator to increase stimulation, decrease stimulation, and provide indications to a patient regarding the status of the neurostimulation system. The patient remote can allow for adjustment of stimulation power within a clinically effective range and for turning on and turning off the pulse generator. The patient remote and neurostimulation system can also store a stimulation level when the pulse generator is turned off and automatically restore the pulse generator to the stored stimulation level when the pulse generator is turned on.

Abstract: An implantable neurostimulator-implemented method for enhancing post-exercise recovery through vagus nerve stimulation is provided. An implantable neurostimulator, including a pulse generator configured to deliver electrical therapeutic stimulation in a manner that results in creation and propagation (in both afferent and efferent directions) of action potentials within neuronal fibers including a patient's cervical vagus nerve. An operating mode is stored in the pulse generator. An enhanced dose of the electrical therapeutic stimulation is parametrically defined and tuned to prevent or disrupt tachyarrhythmia through continuously-cycling, intermittent and periodic electrical pulses. The patient's physiological state is monitored during physical exercise via at least one sensor included in the implantable neurostimulator, and upon sensing a condition indicative of cessation of the physical exercise, the enhanced dose is delivered for a period of time the enhanced dose to the vagus nerve.

Abstract: Methods and systems, include, in one aspect, a system including: receiving a total static power indicating a static power dissipation from a complete circuit, wherein the circuit comprises a plurality of components; receiving dynamic power weights indicating changes in the static power dissipation from the complete circuit over time; applying an algorithm including the dynamic power weights to partition the total static power, based on the changes in the static power, into a summation of individual per-component static power values, wherein the per-component static power values indicate a decomposition of the static power dissipation from the complete circuit into separate amounts of per-component static power dissipation corresponding to each of the plurality of components; and processing the per-component static power to evaluate a performance of the circuit, the plurality of components, or both.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are disclosed for treating a variety of diseases and disorders that are primarily or at least partially driven by an imbalance in neurotransmitters in the brain, such as asthma, COPD, depression, anxiety, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, and the like. The invention involves the use of an energy source comprising magnetic and/or electrical energy that is transmitted non-invasively to, or in close proximity to, a selected nerve to temporarily stimulate, block and/or modulate the signals in the selected nerve such that neural pathways are activated to release inhibitory neurotransmitters in the patient's brain.

Abstract: A medical device for providing an electrical stimulation therapy for a patient includes a microcontroller configured to generate a plurality of electrical pulses and a control signal. The medical device includes a stimulation driver coupled to the microcontroller. The stimulation driver is configured to amplify the electrical pulses into amplified electrical pulses to be delivered to the patient as a part of the electrical stimulation therapy. The medical device includes a battery configured to supply a first voltage. The medical device includes a voltage up-converter coupled between the battery and the stimulation driver. The voltage up-converter is configured to convert, in response to the control signal from the microcontroller, the first voltage to a compliance voltage for the stimulation driver. The compliance voltage is a fraction of the first voltage, and the fraction is greater than 1.

Abstract: The invention presents a urea bio-electrochemical (UBE) system to achieve resource recovery from water recycling systems. A GAC-urease bioreactor was used to recover urea from wastewater stream, and converted to ammonia. Then, the ammonia produced was used to feed an electrochemical cell to gather electrical energy. The invention shows the feasibility of using the UBE system in combination with a forward osmosis subsystem for water reclamation.

Abstract: A method of providing therapy to a patient having a medical condition comprises delivering electrical stimulation energy to the spinal cord of the patient in accordance with a stimulation program that preferentially stimulates dorsal horn neuronal elements over dorsal column neuronal elements in the spinal cord. The delivered electrical stimulation energy generates a plurality of electrical fields having different orientations that stimulate the dorsal horn neuronal elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new architecture for an IPG having a master and slave electrode driver integrated circuits. The electrode outputs on the integrated circuits are wired together. Each integrated circuit can be programmed to provide pulses with different frequencies. Active timing channels in each of the master and slave integrated circuits are programmed to provide the desired pulses, while shadow timing channels in the master and slave are programmed with the timing data from the active timing channels in the other integrated circuit so that each chip knows when the other is providing a pulse, so that each chip can disable its recovery circuitry so as not to defeat those pulses. In the event of pulse overlap at a given electrode, the currents provided by each chip will add at the affected electrode. Compliance voltage generation is dictated by an algorithm to find an optimal compliance voltage even during periods when pulses are overlapping.

Abstract: Systems and methods for spinal cord electrode placement and spinal cord stimulation their use for treatment of conditions such as obesity are disclosed. In one example approach, during placement of a spinal cord stimulating electrode in a target region of the brain of a patient, a temperature of brown adipose tissue may be monitored, e.g., via a supraclavicular temperature sensor implanted in the patient, and used to identify an optimal location of electrode stimulation which causes an increase in BAT temperature. Additionally, BAT temperature measurements may be used to provide regulated closed-loop control to increase efficiency of spinal cord stimulation while reducing energy consumption of the pulse generator. Further, core temperature measurements may be obtained from the electrode in the spinal cord and used to adjust spinal cord stimulation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include methods of treating a patient with physiological responses arising from an injury or condition, such as post-operative pain, traumatic brain injury, and cognitive defects. These treatment methods can include the steps of generating a pulsed electromagnetic field from a pulsed electromagnetic field source which is configured to simultaneously increase the rate of ion-dependent signaling, such as CaM/NO/cGMP signaling and to minimize the rate of inhibition of such signaling by natural compounds and applying the pulsed electromagnetic field in proximity to a target region affected by the injury or condition for a first treatment interval followed by an inter-treatment period with no electromagnetic field between treatment intervals to reduce a physiological response to the injury or condition.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying stimulating current to a patient for treating insufficient uterine contractions are provided. The system includes stimulation electrodes of a balloon electrode array device, a ring electrode array device, an electrode probe device, or a mesh electrode array device. Some aspects of the invention also provide a connector and cable device for coupling the stimulation electrodes to electronics for generating and providing the stimulating current to the stimulation electrodes.

Abstract: An auricular peripheral nerve field stimulator includes an electrical stimulation device for generating electrical stimulation signals, at least one therapy electrode electrically coupled to the stimulation device and configured for percutaneous insertion into an auricle of a human ear near at least one neurovascular bundle, a processor, and a memory with software executable by the processor to (i) control the stimulation device to generate and deliver to the inserted at least one therapy electrode the stimulation signals at a selected frequency with one of a positive and a negative pulse relative to a reference to stimulate at least one auricular peripheral nerve field within the auricle, (ii) continually repeat (i) for a first duration, (iii) following expiration of the first duration, control the stimulation device to generate no stimulation signals for a second duration, and (iv) repeat (i) through (iii) with the stimulation signals having a modulated frequency.

Abstract: Monitoring patient compliance with a compression therapy regimen. Venous Refill Time (VRT) is monitored via a pressure sensor in a bladder of a compression system. A controller of the compression system correlates the monitored VRT to a predetermined threshold to determine whether the patient is using the compression system.

Abstract: A device determines values for one or more metrics that indicate the quality of a patient's sleep based on sensed physiological parameter values. Sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and time spent in deeper sleep states are example sleep quality metrics for which values may be determined. The sleep quality metric values may be used, for example, to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapy delivered to the patient by a medical device. In some embodiments, determined sleep quality metric values are automatically associated with the therapy parameter sets according to which the medical device delivered the therapy when the physiological parameter values were sensed, and used to evaluate the effectiveness of the various therapy parameter sets. The medical device may deliver the therapy to treat a non-respiratory neurological disorder, such as epilepsy, a movement disorder, or a psychological disorder. The therapy may be, for example, deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for modulating afferent nerve signals to treat medical conditions such as CHF, CHF respiration, dyspnea, peripheral vascular disease (e.g., peripheral arterial disease or venous insufficiency), hypertension (e.g., age-associated hypertension, resistant hypertension, or chronic refractory hypertension), COPD, sleep apnea, and chronic forms of lung disease where muscle dysfunction is a part of the disease pathophysiology. For example, methods and materials involved in using electrical and/or chemical techniques to block or reduce afferent nerve signals (e.g., nerve signals of group III and/or IV afferents coming from skeletal muscle and/or the kidneys) are provided.

Abstract: A multi-sensing system (20) includes multiple sensor units (28) that include respective sensors (44), (ii) are connected to one another in a cascade using serial data lines (32), and (iii) are connected to a common clock line (36) and to a common alignment line (40). The sensor units are configured to selectably communicate in accordance with first and second different serial communication protocols using the same serial data lines, clock line and alignment line. A host (24) is configured to communicate with the sensor units, including reading the sensors and instructing the sensor units to switch between the first and second serial communication protocols.

Abstract: A pericardium puncture needle assembly comprises a puncture needle (12) and a guide wire (13) capable of sliding in the puncture needle (12); or comprises an outer sleeve (22) and a guide wire (13) capable of sliding in the outer sleeve (22); or comprises an outer sleeve (22) and a puncture needle (12) and a guide wire (13) capable of sliding in the outer sleeve (22), wherein after the puncture needle (12) is pulled out of the outer sleeve (22), the guide wire (13) is capable of sliding in the outer sleeve (22). The guide wire (13) is made of a highly elastic material and comprises a far-end bent segment (32). The far-end bent segment (32) is formed by bending the guide wire (13) and has a preset bending shape, and is suitable for being recovered from a stretching state to the preset bending shape. The tip of the far-end bent segment has a pointed structure.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for use with an optical fiber shape-sensing system. The apparatus includes an optical fiber, optically couplable to the optical fiber shape-sensing system, and configured to change shape during advancement through a greater palatine canal of a subject. The apparatus additionally includes a delivery tool configured to be removably coupled to the optical fiber and to distally advance the optical fiber through the greater palatine canal. The apparatus further includes a neural stimulator implant, configured to apply electrical stimulation to a sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) of the subject. The neural stimulator implant is not in contact with the optical fiber, and is shaped and sized to be delivered to the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) by the delivery tool. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of pumping blood in a patient. The method includes inserting an impeller housing and impeller into the patient, the impeller disposed within the impeller housing and having a longitudinal axis, positioning the impeller housing and the impeller at a treatment location in the patient, activating an adjustment device at a proximal end portion of the heart pump outside the patient to provide relative motion between the impeller housing and the impeller along the longitudinal axis, and pumping blood through the impeller housing along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An example of a system may include an electrode arrangement and a neuromodulation device configured to use electrodes in the electrode arrangement to generate a neuromodulation field. The neuromodulation device may include a neuromodulation generator, a neuromodulation control circuit and a storage. The storage may include a stochastically-modulated neuromodulation parameter set and the stochastically-modulated neuromodulation parameter set may include at least one stochastically-modulated parameter. The controller may be configured to control the neuromodulation generator using the stochastically-modulation parameter set to generate the neuromodulation field.

Abstract: An embodiment in accordance with the present invention provides a device and method to deliver direct ionic current safely to target neural tissue, while also eliminating interruptions in the output of the device that can result from the non-ideal operation of the valves used to control the current flow in the device. The device includes two valve-operated systems that work in tandem. The first and second current producing systems are configured to be used together in order to eliminate the periodic interruptions in current flow. In use, one system drives current through the target tissue, while the other system closes all of the valves first and then opens its valves in sequence. This intermediate step of closing all of the valves prevents unintended current shunts through either system. The device also includes two conductors to direct the flow of direct current into the target tissue.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are drug delivery ocular implants comprising an elongate outer shell having a proximal end, and distal end and being shaped to define an interior lumen, at least one therepautic agent positioned within the lumen, wherein the outer shell has at least a first thickness, the outer shell comprises one or more regions of drug release, and the implant is dimensioned for implantation within the anterior chamber of the eye.

Abstract: A cardiac pacing system comprising one or more leadless cardiac pacemakers configured for implantation in electrical contact with a cardiac chamber and configured to perform cardiac pacing functions in combination with a co-implanted implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). The leadless cardiac pacemaker comprises at least two leadless electrodes configured for delivering cardiac pacing pulses, sensing evoked and/or natural cardiac electrical signals, and bidirectionally communicating with the co-implanted ICD.

Abstract: Described here are devices, systems, and methods for treating one or more conditions (such as dry eye) or improving ocular health by providing stimulation to nasal or sinus tissue. Generally, the devices may be handheld or implantable. In some variations, the handheld devices may have a stimulator body and a stimulator probe having one or more nasal insertion prongs. When the devices and systems are used to treat dry eye, nasal or sinus tissue may be stimulated to increase tear production, reduce the symptoms of dry eye, and/or improve ocular surface health.

Abstract: A brain machine interface (BMI) to control a device is provided. The BMI has a neural decoder, which is a neural to kinematic mapping function with neural signals as input to the neural decoder and kinematics to control the device as output of the neural decoder. The neural decoder is based on a continuous-time multiplicative recurrent neural network, which has been trained as a neural to kinematic mapping function. An advantage of the invention is the robustness of the decoder to perturbations in the neural data; its performance degrades less—or not at all in some circumstances—in comparison to the current state decoders. These perturbations make the current use of BMI in a clinical setting extremely challenging. This invention helps to ameliorate this problem. The robustness of the neural decoder does not come at the cost of some performance, in fact an improvement in performance is observed.

Abstract: A neurostimulation system configured for providing neurostimulation therapy to a patient. A user customizes a pulse pattern on a pulse-by-pulse basis. Electrical stimulation energy is delivered to at least one electrode in accordance with the customized pulse pattern.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a patient in a patient area having one or more detection zones, the system comprising one or more cameras, a user interface, and a computing system configured to receive a chronological series of frames from the one or more cameras, identify liquid candidates by comparing a current frame with a plurality of previous frames of the chronological series, determine locations of the liquid candidates, identify thermal signatures of the liquid candidates, determine types of liquids of the liquid candidates based on the locations and thermal signatures of the liquid candidates, and generate an alert with the user interface corresponding to the determined types of liquids.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) using electrical energy. In general, the methods and devices can facilitate activation of BAT to increase thermogenesis. The BAT can be activated by applying an electrical signal thereto that can be configured to target sympathetic nerves that can directly innervate the BAT. The electrical signal can be configured to target the sympathetic nerves using fiber diameter selectivity. In other words, the electrical signal can be configured to activate nerve fibers having a first diameter without activating nerve fibers having diameters different than the first diameter. Sympathetic nerves include postganglionic unmyelinated, small diameter fibers, while parasympathetic nerves that can directly innervate BAT include preganglionic myelinated, larger diameter fibers.

Abstract: A device for the treatment of the body of a wearer comprising an orthopedic brace combined with at least one electrically active zone to stimulate the body of the wearer of the brace.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems induce neuromodulation by focusing a source of stimulation through a skull/brain interface in the form of an aperture formed in the skull, a naturally occurring fenestration in the skull, or a transcranial channel. Methods, devices, and systems identify where to locate skull/brain interfaces, accessories that can be used with the interfaces, and features for controlling stimulation delivered through the interfaces. Multiple indications for the skull/brain interfaces include diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders and conditions such as epilepsy, movement disorders, depression, Alzheimer's disease, autism, coma, and pain.

Abstract: Systems that integrate Transcranial Stimulation Biofeedback (TSB) Detector functions and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) functions, as well as methods of manufacturing such systems and methods of performing TSB detection and TMS using such systems, are provided. A system can include a hardware component and a software component in operable communication with the hardware component. The hardware component can include or be in operable communication with a TMS machine, and the software component can be configured to receive waveforms from the TSB Detector hardware.

Abstract: A fiberoptic waveguide connectable to an optical receiver, and a plurality of electro-optical elements optically coupled to the waveguide. The electro-optical elements each have a first electrode with a first polarity, and a second electrode with a second polarity. A light-emitting diode is linked to the first electrode and configured for illuminating the waveguide responsively to an electrical potential between the first electrode and the second electrode at a respective wavelength. The waveguide may be incorporated into a catheter for insertion into a subject, such as a cardiac catheter.

Abstract: An implantable medical device for implantation into a patient may include a housing, a pulse generation circuit disposed at least partially within the housing, a plurality of electrodes electrically coupled to the pulse generation circuit, the plurality of electrodes being exposed external to the housing, and a controller operatively coupled to the pulse generation circuit. The controller may be configured to command the pulse generation circuit to deliver a phasic conducted communication pulse via at least two of the plurality of electrodes. Additionally, the phasic conducted communication pulse may comprise a first phase having a first polarity followed by a second phase having an opposite second polarity, wherein the second phase may have a duration of less than 60 microseconds, and wherein the first phase having may have a duration of between five percent and eighty percent of the duration of the second phase.

Abstract: Electrical pulses are applied to tissue in a manner which destroys targeted cells such as cancerous cells while sparing non-targeted cells such as nerve cells. The electrical pulses are controlled within ranges for voltage, wattage and duration of application. Multiple pulses or groups of pulses may be applied to obtain a desired result while maintaining any temperature increase below a level which destroys cells.

Abstract: A method for providing electrical stimulation to a user as a user performs a set of tasks during a time window, the method comprising: providing an electrical stimulation treatment, characterized by a stimulation parameter and a set of portions, to a brain region of the user in association with the time window; for each task of the set of tasks: receiving a signal stream characterizing a neurological state of the user; from the signal stream, identifying a neurological signature characterizing the neurological state associated with the task; and modulating the electrical stimulation treatment provided to the brain region of the user based upon the neurological signature, wherein modulating comprises delivering a portion of the set of portions of the electrical stimulation treatment to the brain region of the user, while maintaining an aggregate amount of the stimulation parameter of the treatment provided during the time window below a maximum limit.

Abstract: An outpatient ambulatory patient worn apparatus for managing chronic lung disease includes a plurality of sensors configured to be worn by a patient and to measure a plurality of physiological data. The plurality of sensors includes at least an oximeter, a respiratory rate sensor, and at least one activity or motion sensor. A central monitoring unit (CMU) is worn by the patient in an outpatient setting during activities of daily living. The CMU categorizes each recorded measurement of each of the plurality of sensors stored in a set of time stamped primary data by a predominate activity type to generate a set of activity type stamped data, the predominate activity types include rest, exertion, and sleep. A generate report process provides at least one or more reports. An outpatient ambulatory patient worn long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) apparatus and a method for managing chronic lung disease are also described.

Abstract: A method of treating a movement disorder using deep brain stimulation, the method comprising the step of inserting a lead having at least one electrode into the brain of a subject, the lead being inserted along a trajectory from the occipito-temporal or occipito-parietal regions, passing laterally to the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle to contact the subthalamic nucleus, the zona incerta or the globus pallidus.

Abstract: Implantable medical devices, implantable medical device systems that include such implantable medical devices, and implantable medical device batteries, as well as methods of making. Such devices can include a battery of relatively small volume but of relatively high power (reported as therapeutic power) and relatively high capacity (reported as capacity density).

Abstract: A defibrillator system optimizes the timing and manner of applying a defibrillator charge to a patient based upon data provided to the defibrillator from a utility module or one or more external devices. A parameter module on the utility module provides the defibrillator with patient parameter information. Devices external to the utility module may provide the utility module with coaching data that the utility module may pass through to the defibrillator as a proxy to the external devices. The utility module may also provide external devices with patient data that the utility module may pass through to the external devices as a proxy to the defibrillator on a scheduled or other basis. The utility module may additionally provide a reserve of power to enable defibrillators to be used where power is unavailable and to enable defibrillators to deliver multiple charges more readily anywhere, anytime.

Abstract: An example of a system may include an electrode arrangement and a neuromodulation device configured to use electrodes in the electrode arrangement to generate a neuromodulation field. The neuromodulation device may include a neuromodulation generator, a neuromodulation control circuit and a storage. The storage may include a stochastically-modulated neuromodulation parameter set and the stochastically-modulated neuromodulation parameter set may include at least one stochastically-modulated parameter. The controller may be configured to control the neuromodulation generator using the stochastically-modulation parameter set to generate the neuromodulation field.

Abstract: A wearable device for suppressing appetite or hunger in a patient includes a microprocessor, electrical stimulator and at least one electrode configured to deliver electrical stimulation to the epidermis, through a range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm or a range of 0.1 mm to 20 mm of the dermis, of a T2 frontal thoracic dermatome to a T12 frontal thoracic dermatome or meridian of the patient and/or front or back, C5-T1 dermatome across the hand and/or arm, and/or the upper chest regions. The device includes a pad, in which the electrode is disposed, for secure placement of the device on a skin surface of a patient. The device is adapted to provide electrical stimulation as per stimulation protocols and to communicate wirelessly with a companion control device configured to monitor and record appetite patterns of the patient. The control device is also configured to monitor, record, and modify stimulation parameters of the stimulation protocols.

Abstract: Systems for monitoring left atrial pressure using implantable cardiac monitoring devices and, more specifically, to a left atrial pressure sensor implanted through a septal wall are presented herein.