Abstract: A method for preparing and coating metal cookware having an interior cooking surface and for the application of a lubricative coating is disclosed. The method includes mechanically spraying the interior cooking surface with an aluminum oxide material to produce a roughened surface and applying by thermal spraying a metallic abrasion resistant layer of substantially pure titanium, titanium oxide and/or titanium nitride. Also disclosed is a cooking utensil having a substrate and an intermediate layer deposited on the substrate by thermally spraying the substrate with a mechanically durable material, said mechanically durable material being selected from the group consisting of chemically pure titanium, titanium-aluminum, nickel-titanium, and titanium 6-4.

Abstract: A Co-base alloy including, by weight, 0.03-0.10% C, not more than 1.0% Si, not more than 1.0% Mn, 20-30% Cr, 15-23% Ni, 3-10% W, 5-10% Ta and 0.05-0.7% Zr, is used as a welding material. A gas turbine nozzle has a crack repaired with a multi-layer weld using the Co-base alloy and a gas turbine for power generation employs the nozzle.

Abstract: A coil spring made of an oil-tempered steel wire with internal hardness of more than Hv 550 in cross-section, the surface hardness of the oil-tempered steel wire being determined in an extent between Hv 420 in a minimum value and hardness defined by subtraction of Hv 50 from the internal hardness in a maximum value.

Abstract: A high strength nickel base superalloy article having a machined surface is disclosed. The superalloy comprises, in weight percent, 1.2-3.5 Al, 3.0-7.0 Ti, 12.0-20.0 Cr, 2.0-3.9 Mo, 10.0-20.0 Co, 0-4.5 W, 0.005-0.025 C, 0.005-0.05 B, 0.01-0.1 Zr, 0-0.005 Mg, 0-1.0 Ta, 0-1.0 Nb, 0-2.0 Fe, 0-0.3 Hf, 0-0.02 Y, 0-0.1 V, 0-1.0 Re, balance essentially Ni. The superalloy further comprises a plurality of discrete carbides essentially free from molybdenum for increased fatigue strength.

Abstract: Copper foil having a matte surface and an opposite shiny surface, the shiny surface having thereon a protective metallic coating comprised of a first protective metallic layer, preferably iron, electrodeposited on the shiny surface and a second metallic layer, preferably zinc, electrodeposited on the first layer, the metallic coating be chemically removable without damage to the copper foil and the second metallic layer being softer than the first metallic layer. The matte surface of the copper foil can be bonded to a dielectric material, and the protective metallic coating can be removed from the shiny surface by etching.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lead frame in which the metal lead frame substrate is copper, copper alloy, or nickel alloy. The lead frame substrate is coated with a conformable nickel coating that is crack-resistant when the lead frame is bent to an angle of at least 82 degrees with a bend radius of about 150 .mu.m to about 300 .mu.m. Bending the lead frame in this manner causes surface deformations in the lead frame substrate. Cracks do not appear through the thickness of the conformable nickel coating of the present invention when the depth of the deformations that result from this bending do not exceed about 5 .mu.m.

Abstract: A bearing component for use in anti-friction bearings as a bearing ring or rolling member is made from a steel comprising 0.6 to 0.8 wt. % of C, 0.05 to 0.25 wt. % of Si, 0.2 to 0.9 wt. % of Mn, 0.4 to 1.2 wt. % of Cr, one or both of 0.10 to 0.30 wt. % of Mo and 0.03 to 0.10 wt. % of V, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel as hardened and tempered contains carbide having a maximum particle size of up to 1.5 .mu.m, and the amount of the carbide is 2 to 7% in area ratio. The steel therefore has improved cold workability, providing bearing components of a prolonged rolling fatigue life at a reduced cost.

Abstract: A high-toughness, quenched, oil-tempered wire for springs which is less likely to suffer a permanent set and is high in strength and toughness. The wire is made of a steel containing predetermined amounts of C, Si, Mn, Al and Ti, to which are selectively added predetermined amounts of V, Mo, W and Nb. After quenching and tempering, the content of retained austenite is 1-5 vol. %, and/or the number of carbides having a diameter of 0.05 .mu.m or more is 5 or less per .mu.m.sup.2 as viewed on a transmission electron microscope image.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved high performance flexible laminate, comprising: a layer of electrodeposited copper foil overlying a layer of a flexible polymeric material, said copper foil being characterized by an ultimate tensile strength at 23.degree. C. of at least about 60,000 psi, a loss of ultimate tensile strength at 23.degree. C. of no more than about 15% after being annealed at 180.degree. C. for 30 minutes, an average grain size of up to about 1 micron, and a fatigue performance characterized by at least about 5000 cycles to failure when the strain amplitude is about 0.05% to about 0.2%. In one embodiment, the copper foil is electrodeposited using an electrolyte solution characterized by a free chloride ion concentration of up to about 4 ppm and an organic additive concentration of at least about 0.3 ppm.

Abstract: A free-form metal casting that simulates a natural metal nugget, and method of casting the same. Molten metal is poured into a recess in an upper surface of a bed of rock salt. While still molten, portions of the metal variously penetrate downward through the rock salt, thereby forming, as the metal cools, a unique casting having a random pattern of stalagmite extensions. The surfaces of the casting have a pitted, grainy texture impressed by the rock salt, which simulates the appearance of naturally occurring precious metal nuggets. Surface metal oxides are removed from the casting by electrofinishing. Cast nuggets of copper, brass and bronze are preferably electroplated with gold or silver. After polishing, the cast nuggets are suitable for use in jewelry and decorative art objects.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet having less planar anisotropy and excellent anti-ridging characteristics is disclosed. The sheet includes not more than about 0.02 wt % of C, about 0.01-1.0 wt % of Si, about 0.01-1.0 wt % of Mn, not more than about 0.08 wt % of P, not more than about 0.01 wt % of S, about 0.005-0.30 wt % of Al, about 11-50 wt % of Cr, about 0.1-5.0 wt % of Mo, not more than about 0.03 wt % N, with the contents of C and N satisfying the relations: about 0.005 wt %.ltoreq.(C+N)<about 0.03 wt %, and (C/N)<about 0.6. The sheet also includes Ti in an amount to satisfy the relation: about 5.ltoreq.Ti/(C+N).ltoreq.about 30. The balance of the sheet includes Fe and incidental impurities, with the sheet having an X-ray integral intensity ratio (222)/(310) of not less than about 35 in a plane parallel to a sheet surface at a depth of 1/4 of the sheet thickness from the sheet surface.

Abstract: A pad including thermal insulation and heat sink areas. The pad includes a plurality of layers of metal foil forming a stack with the layers arranged one above the other, the stack including at least one heat sink area and at least one insulating area adjacent to the heat sink area, the layers providing better heat conduction in the vertical direction at the heat sink area than at the insulating area. At least one of the layers includes a plurality of embossments therein separating the one layer from an adjacent one of the layers in the insulating area. The pad can include a single insulating area surrounded by a heat sink area and a black coating can be provided on selected portions of the layers to improve heat radiating characteristics of the pad. For instance, the heat sink area can be coated with the black coating to radiate heat away from the pad at a desired location.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel membranes, formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. One application is the separation of oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, and are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25.degree. C. to the operating temperature of the membrane.

Abstract: A multi-layer vinyl/aluminum composite useful for formulating simulated wood siding comprises an aluminum foil substrate carrying a surface coating of polyvinyl chloride or other polymer and being provided on its backside with a backing layer comprising a flexible polymer foam.

Abstract: A co-sintered ceramic substrate structure is formed through punching and screening of a plurality of ceramic green sheets with a plurality of composite metal pastes and/or inks and laminating the structure. The co-sintered surface metallization comprises dual screened composite metal pastes, one on top of the other and bonded to the sintered ceramic substrate to provide bonding of the surface metallization to the sintered ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A co-sintered ceramic substrate structure is formed through punching and screening of a plurality of ceramic green sheets with a plurality of composite metal pastes and/or inks and laminating the structure. The co-sintered surface metallization comprises dual screened composite metal pastes, one on top of the other and bonded to the sintered ceramic substrate to provide bonding of the surface metallization to the sintered ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing a composite element by causing a stream of gaseous rhenium hexafluoride to flow onto a carbon substrate in a chemical vapor deposition reaction. A flow of hydrogen gas causes a reduction of the rhenium hexafluoride to rhenium metal to thereby deposit a uniform layer of rhenium metal onto the surface of the carbon substrate. A fine grain rhenium coating on carbon is produced having an average particle diameter of from about 0.1 to about 25 micrometers. The elements may be used alone or several of them may be bonded together into various articles. Such elements and articles are useful as light weight, high temperature strength, corrosive gas resistant structural elements.

Abstract: Ultrafine whiskery or columnar ceramic particles, a method for producing the ultrafine particles, and a sintered article obtained by sintering the ultrafine ceramic particles are disclosed. The ultrafine ceramic particles are produced by thermally melting a matrix alloy of a composition of Al--M.sup.1, wherein M.sup.1 stands for at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Co, and Fe, or Al--M.sup.1 --M.sup.2, wherein M.sup.2 stands for at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of Au, Cu, Dy, Er, Ga, Ge, Gd, Hf, Ho, Lu, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pr, Re, Sb, Sc, Si, Sn, Ta, Tb, Ti, Tm, V, W, Y, Zn, or Zr, in a nitriding atmosphere containing nitrogen and causing the vaporized raw material to react with the nitrogen in the atmosphere.

Abstract: Welded steel pipe having wear resistance properties, corrosion resistance and low-temperature toughness is provided by preparing welded steel pipe formed of composite steel material comprised of an outer layer of high-carbon, low-alloy steel and an inner layer having a relatively low carbon content, heating the pipe to a temperature that is not less than 800.degree. C. and not more than 900.degree. C. and then quenching the pipe so as to harden just the high-carbon outer layer, and if necessary this can be followed by reheating at a temperature of not less than 200.degree. C. and not more than 600.degree. C. to thereby produce a pipe with an inner layer having high corrosion resistance and low temperature toughness and an outer layer having high hardness.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is process method and articles of plated coating having functions ranging from wear resistance, lubricity, corrosion resistance, and further incorporating therein particulate matter having light emitting properties. Having this codeposited light emitting particles within the functional layer provides a signal for the determination of the presence of the coating and its stage of deterioration.

Abstract: A process for producing a sintered body, comprising inserting a separately formed first molded article in a mold for injection molding, injection-molding a material identical to or different from that of the first molded article in the mold so that the injected material and the first molded article form together a second molded article, degreasing the second molded article, sintering the degreased article thereby obtaining a sintered body having a difference in shrinkage during the sintering between the first molded article and the injection molded portion of the second molded article other than the first molded article portion being 5% or less. The resulting sintered body is useful as a magnet base.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for providing an array of metal microbeads on a substrate, preferably in a regular pattern of very fine, uniform size microspheres or microbeads at precise spacing or scale previously unachievable. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of providing a metal layer on a substrate that is partitioned into metal regions; heating the metal layer to a temperature sufficient to melt the metal and to permit beading of the layer into discrete microbeads.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a controlled low profile electrodeposited copper foil. In one embodiment this foil has a substantially uniform randomly oriented grain structure that is essentially columnar grain free and twin boundary free and has an average grain size of up to about 10 microns. In one embodiment this foil has an ultimate tensile strength measured at 23.degree. C. in the range of about 87,000 to about 120,000 psi and an elongation measured at 180.degree. C. of about 15% to about 28%.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an electrodeposited copper foil having a matte-side raw foil R.sub.tm of about 4 to about 10 microns, an ultimate tensile strength measured at 23.degree. C. in the range of about 55,000 to about 80,000 psi, an elongation measured at 23.degree. C. of about 6% to about 25%, an ultimate tensile strength measured at 180.degree. C. in the range of about 30,000 psi to about 40,000 psi, an elongation measured at 180.degree. C. of about 4% to about 15%, and a thermal stability of less than about -20%. The invention is also directed to a process for making the foregoing foil, the process comprising: (A) preparing an electrolyte solution comprising copper ions, sulfate ions, chloride ions at a concentration of about 1.2 to about 4.5 ppm, at least one organic additive at a concentration of about 0.4 to about 20 ppm, and at least one impurity at a concentration of about 0.

Abstract: In making a dual alloy gas turbine rotor, a plurality of superalloy components are formed to include an airfoil having a directionally solidified columnar grain structure or a single crystal grain structure. A boron-bearing melting point depressant material is applied to the inner surface and a side surface of the components. The components are arranged side-by-side in an annular array with the first side surface of one component juxtaposed to the second side surface of an adjacent component and with the inner surfaces defining a spray-receiving surface. The airfoils extend in a radial axis or direction of the array while the spray-receiving surface extends in a circumferential direction of the article. A sealing member is positioned adjacent an axial end of the array of the components to close off that end and form a spray-receiving cavity. Boron-bearing melting point depressant material is provided between the sealing member and the end of the array.

Abstract: Copper conductive foil for use in preparing printed circuit boards is electrodeposited from an electrolyte solution containing copper ions, sulphate ions, animal glue and thiourea. The thiourea operates to decrease the roughness of the foil, to enable operation at higher current densities and/or to modify the ductility characteristics of the foil.

Abstract: Copper conductive foil for use in preparing printed circuit boards is electrodeposited from an electrolyte solution containing copper ions, sulphate ions and thiourea. The thiourea operates to decrease the roughness of the foil, to enable operation at higher current densities, and/or to modify the tensile strength and ductility characteristics of the foil. An IPC Class 2 foil is prepared without annealing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are aluminum alloy fin materials useful for heat exchangers which consists of, in weight percentage, 0.8 to 1.8% Fe, 0.3 to 3.0% Zn, up to 0.3% Cu and at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.05 to 0.25% Zr and 0.05 to 0.25% Cr, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein Mn in the unavoidable impurities is 0.3% or less. The fin material being characterized, after brazing, by its superior thermal conductivity and beneficial sacrificial anode effect. The fin material is also suitable as a core of a brazing fin material in combination with an Al-Si alloy brazing material in which the Al-Si alloy brazing material is clad as an outer cladding layer onto both sides of the core. The above unclad or clad fin materials can provide heat exchangers having high corrosion resistance and good heat transfer characteristics in combination with a fluid passage material made of brazing sheet or an extruded tube of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy with not more than 0.

Abstract: Oxidation-resistant, electrolessly deposited metal coatings, e.g. of copper, can be provided on a variety of substrates such as fibers and films. Precursor substrates have nascent or actual clusters of catalytic metal with dimensions less than 100 nanometers, e.g. about 10 nanometers. Disclosed methods can produce electrically conductive, copper-coated PET or acrylic multifilament with a resistance of less than 20 ohms/meter.

Abstract: An edge contour for a load-carrying deck includes a substantially vertically disposed side face and a substantially horizontally disposed undersurface, and a substantially inclined support surface interconnecting the side vertical side face and the horizontal undersurface. A serial array of holes or apertures (3) are disposed in a row along the inclined support surface for accommodating hook members (17,18) of cargo lashing straps (16). By providing the inclined support surface, and the apertures or holes (3) within such surface, the inclined support surface and the apertures or holes (3) thereof are, in effect, disposed at a recessed position with respect to the vertical side surface of the load-carrying deck which defines the lateral width or extent of the load-carrying deck.

Abstract: A printed circuit comprising an electrically insulating substrate and an electrically conductive layer on the substrate, this layer being a pseudo-elastic or elastically deformable alloy that undergoes significant deformations in a reversible manner and is a copper alloy containing at least 50% by weight copper in the form of large-grained polycrystals that undergo martensitic transformation. Preferably, the layer contains 60-80% by weight of copper, the large-grained polycrystals having a grain size of at least about 3 mm. The martensitic transformation takes place within the temperature range -55.degree. C. to +125.degree. C., and the layer has a thickness between 30.mu. and 200.mu., preferably about 100.mu..

Abstract: A structure of a copper conductor is obtained by oxidizing copper film formed on the surface of a substrate, and by heat treating the same in a reducing atmosphere, whereby only the surface layer portion of the oxidized copper film is reduced to become copper. The copper film of a conductor is formed on the surface of the substrate with the oxidized copper film interposed therebetween. As a result, an adhesion of the copper film to the surface of the substrate is enhanced.

Abstract: Zinc oxide is used in poly(arylene sulfide compositions to improve encapsulation properties and to inhibit color shift. The invention includes electronic components encapsulated with poly(arylene sulfide) compositions containing zinc oxide.

Abstract: A composite nickel plated sliding surface is obtained by the formation of a composite nickel plating film on a sliding surface of an automobile part such as an engine cylinder or piston by electroless nickel plating. The plating film contains at least one member of wear resistant particles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 1.0.mu. selected from SiC, TiC, WC, BC.sub.4, TiN, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or the like, and also at least one member of lubricating particles having an average particle size of 1 to 10.mu. selected from BN, MoS.sub.2, and Teflon. The nickel plating bath is adjusted to have a phosphorus concentration of 0.5 to 12%. When the matrix of the nickel plating film has a phosphorus concentration of 0.5 to 5%, the film hardness is improved.

Abstract: A composite material for use in the preparation of substrates for thin film magnetic heads is provided which comprises a carbonaceous or graphitic material strengthened with a resin or metallic binder and optionally impregnated with a resin, metallic or non-metallic impregnant.

Abstract: Method for hard facing iron or iron base alloy substrates using as a hard facing material a solid composition consisting essentially of grains of vanadium carbide having in solid solution from about 10 to 50% by weight tungsten, and containing from about 0.5 to 5% by weight manganese and 0 to 3% by weight copper in the grain boundaries.

Abstract: There are provided fiber reinforced structures formed of one or more layers of reinforcing fibers contained in an electroformed, superplastic, nickel-cobalt matrix.

Abstract: A method of providing an improved friction surface and a friction element having such an improved friction surface are disclosed. A surface of a metallic friction element, e.g. a brake pad or a brake disc or drum, is metal-sprayed with a metallic substance which defines asperities the average roughness Ra of which ranges between 3 and 60 microns. Preferably, at least some of the asperities have heights ranging between 20 and 40 microns for a base width between 0.5 and 1 mm.

Abstract: Continuous metal strips are formed by forcing molten metal onto the surface of a moving chill body under pressure through a slotted nozzle located in close proximity to the surface of the chill body. Critical selection of nozzle dimensions, velocity of movement of the chill body surface, and gap between nozzle and chill body surface permits production of continuous polycrystalline metal strip at high speeds, and of amorphous metal strips having high isotropic strengths, heretofore unobtainable dimensions, and other isotropic physical properties such as magnetizability.

Abstract: A liquid phase sintered body for brazed joints having a multiplicity of pores, grooves and/or indented patterns formed on a desired surface. The liquid phase sintered body is produced by a method comprising the steps of forming a compact body of a mixture of a hard refractory material, such as carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides and silicides mixed with cementing metal in powder form, placing on the desired surface any one of coarse grains, strands or plates of a metal having a diameter or a thickness over ten times as great as the grain size of the cementing metal, and sintering the compact body under conditions suitable for melting the coarse grains, strands and/or mesh of strands or plates after densification of the compact body has been completed or substantially completed. The metal forming the coarse grains, strands or plates must have a melting point which is more than 50.degree. C.

Abstract: A heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of high conductivity expanded metal plates interleaved with a plurality of low conductivity separators configured and aligned to provide mutually isolated fluid flow channels across the expanded metal plates.

Abstract: This invention is a method for depositing on an article a coating containing at least one member of the group metals and metal alloys plus particulate dispersed diamond comprising contacting the surface of the article with a stable electroless plating bath consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of soluble constituents of the group, electroless reducing agent therefor, a suspension of diamond particles therein and a stabilizer, and maintaining the diamond particles in suspension throughout the bath during the coating of the article for a time sufficient to produce a preselected depth of coating on the article, and the coated article pe se.This is a reissue of a patent which was the subject of a reexamination certificate No. B1 Re. 29,285, dated July 5, 1983, Request No. 90/000,120, Dec. 3, 1981.