Abstract: The invention relates to a wear-resistant, highly stressed and low-friction boundary coating construction for titanium or the alloys thereof which can be advantageously used in order to protect human implants. According to the inventive boundary coating construction the boundary coating is comprised of a 200 to 400 nm thick DLC coating (4), a 5 to 50 nm thick intermediate coating (3) and a 0.3 to 2.0 mm thick gas alloyed coating (2), said gas alloyed coating having a hardness between 600 HV0.1 and 1,400 HV0.1. The inventive boundary coating construction is produced by firstly melting the surface of the member which is to be protected. The surface is then gas alloyed and cleaned in an N2/Ar atmosphere. Subsequently, the intermediate coating is first deposited followed by a depositing of the hard amorphous carbon coating by means of the laser-induced, pulsed vacuum arc (laser-arc) method.

Abstract: Mesoporous transition metal oxide thin films and methods for producing these films are provided. Also provided are methods of fabricating useful chemical sensors and electrochromic devices from the thin films of the invention. Certain mesoporous transition metal oxide molecular sieves may be used as targets for pulsed laser ablation under controlled atmosphere, resulting in deposition of a thin film of the target material upon a substrate of choice. The thin films possess a mesoporous structure which may be enhanced by means of a hydrothermal treatment. The thin films also may be treated with a means of removing the templating agent used during synthesis of the mesoporous target material.

Abstract: A method for forming a patterned film on a substrate, the method including: providing a first flowable medium on the substrate and a second flowable medium on the first flowable medium, the first and second flowable media having different dielectric properties and defining an interface there between; applying an electric field to the interface for a time sufficient to produce a structure in the first flowable medium along the interface; and hardening the structure in the first flowable medium to form the patterned film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coating composition for the surface of floor covering, by which the deterioration of surface gloss caused by walking thereon hardly occurs, colored dirty resulting from lard and process oils is minimized and the colored dirty can be easily removed by e.g. polishing, a floor surface-coated body coated therewith and a process for producing the same, as well as a composite film capable of forming a resin coating film excellent in gloss retention. The present invention relates to a coating composition applied onto the surface of floor covering. The coating composition comprises a photo-curing oligomer and a photo-initiator. The average number of functional groups per molecule of the photo-curing oligomer is 4 or more.

Abstract: A method for forming a conductive thin film on an insulating substrate, particularly, a method for selectively heating to conductive thin film on an insulating substrate by using of an induced current is disclosed. The method for forming a conductive thin film on an insulating substrate is characterized by installing a heating means at a predetermined distance from the insulating substrate in a vacuum chamber or on a surface of the insulating substrate opposite to a surface to be formed the conductive thin film for generating Joule heat by inducing currents on the conductive thin film generated by a means for generating alternating magnetic fluxes due to current change and selective heating of the conductive thin film by the heating means during forming the conductive thin film. The selective heating and accelerating particles to be formed the conductive thin film are executed simultaneously or alternatingly.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for coating medical devices and the devices thereby produced are disclosed. In one embodiment, the invention includes a method comprising the steps of suspending the medical device in an air stream and introducing a coating material into the air stream such that the coating material is dispersed therein and coats at least a portion of the medical device. In another embodiment, the medical devices are suspended in an air stream and a coating apparatus coats at least a portion of the medical device with a coating material. The coating apparatus may include a device that utilizes any number of alternative coating techniques for coating the medical devices. This process is used to apply one or more coating materials, simultaneously or in sequence. In certain embodiments of the invention, the coating materials include therapeutic agents, polymers, sugars, waxes, or fats.

Abstract: A method for forming a patterned film on a substrate, the method including: providing a first flowable medium on the substrate and a second flowable medium on the first flowable medium the first and second flowable media having different dielectric properties and defining an interface there between; applying an electric field to the interface for a time sufficient to produce a structure in the first flowable medium along the interface; and hardening the structure in the first flowable medium to form the patterned film.

Abstract: A system (100, 100′, 100″) and method for robotic manipulation of objects (130) is provided wherein particulates (110, 110′) are agitated by the transfer of energy thereto to establish patterned granular motion of the particulates (110, 110′). The patterned granular motion of the particulates (110, 110′) forms standing waves (112). The objects (130) align themselves with the standing waves (112) and thus are dynamically arranged in a configuration established by the location of the standing waves (112). The location of the standing waves (112) can be predetermined by controlling the waveform of the signals applied to the energy application system (140). The predetermined waveforms are supplied from the signal source (150, 154) to the energy application system (140).

Abstract: Disclosed are thermosetting compositions which are comprised of a resinous phase dispersed in an aqueous medium, the resinous phase comprising (a) an ungelled active hydrogen group-containing polymer which contains onium salt groups, the polymer having been prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of an initiator having at least one radically transferable group, and (b) a curing agent having at least two functional groups which are reactive with the active hydrogen groups of (a). The active hydrogen group-containing polymers of the thermosetting compositions, which are prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization, have narrow molecular weight distributions and well-defined, specifically tailored polymer architecture which can provide enhanced crosslink density and dispersibility of the thermosetting compositions Also disclosed is a method of electrocoating a conductive substrate using the thermosetting compositions of the invention, and a substrate coated by this method.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and an apparatus for thermally coating the cylinder barrels of a cylinder block of a combustion engine. During the coating operation, air flows through the cylinder bore whose barrel is to be coated with a flow velocity of between 7 m/s and 12 m/s. This air flow is generated by means of extraction, whereby the air is extracted from the bottom of the cylinder bore through the crank case of the cylinder block. For extracting the air, a plurality of extraction collars are provided that are connected to an extraction fan and are moved from the bottom through the crankcase to the lower end of the cylinder bores. During the coating operation, the pressure of the air flowing through extraction conduits to the extraction fan is measured and the value of the velocity of the air flow through the cylinder bore is calculated. An adjustment mechanism controls air chokes in the air conduits in response to the calculated flow velocity present in the cylinder bores.

Abstract: A material and a method for forming a tamper-indicating identification coating are provided. The components of the coating are selected such that the coating exhibits a characteristic absorption spectrum with distinct features in individual regions during Fourier-transform infa-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The coating components are selected to provide a distinct spectrum while, at the same time, providing a sufficiently complex spectrum such that the coating is difficult to duplicate. Also, a blowing agent in the coating decomposes to change the FTIR spectrum due to the heat associated with resoldering of an out-of-warranty electronic part marked with the identification coating to an in-warranty circuit card. In addition, the coating may contain a fluorophore to reveal the presence of a tamper-indicating identification coating, allowing a manufacturer to check the card by exposure with ultra-violet (UV) light. Further, the coating composition may be changed periodically and tracked to provide a date marker.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is fabricated by the steps of coating an underlayer formed on a semiconductor substrate with chemically amplified resist, exposing the resist to light, bringing the resist into contact with an alkaline developing solution with applying a magnetic field to the alkaline developing solution for conducting development to form a resist pattern, and etching the underlayer on the semiconductor substrate using the resist pattern as a mask.

Abstract: A thermal reflow system and method employing microwave energy to reduce the time required to achieve thermal reflow of a metal thin-film layer disposed on a semiconductor substrate at reduced temperatures while maintaining good gap-filling properties. The system includes a process chamber designed as a high-Q resonant cavity for microwave energy. The substrate is supported within the chamber on an electrically non-conductive susceptor which allows movement therein to redefine the boundary conditions of the electromagnetic fields associated with the microwave energy. To prevent plasma formation or arcing in the chamber, the chamber is evacuated. This also reduces thermal transfer between the metal thin-film layer and the substrate via convection. Rapidly cooling is achieved, subsequent to the reflow of the metal thin-film layer, by pressurizing the chamber.

Abstract: When an insulator is irradiated with an electron beam, a pulse-shape voltage is applied to the insulator from a pulse power source. As a result, a charge-up state of the insulator can be prevented. If an object which must be subjected to surface modification is an insulator, the object can effectively be irradiated with the electron beam to perform the surface modification.

Abstract: Wear-resistant edge layer for titanium and its alloys which can be subjected to high loads and has a low coefficient of friction. The wear-resistant edge layer includes a hard amorphous carbon layer, an intermediate layer, and a laser gas alloyed layer. The wear-resistant edge layer may include a 200 to 400 nm thick hard amorphous carbon layer, a 50 to 200 nm thick intermediate layer, and a 0.3 to 2.0 mm thick laser gas alloyed layer. The laser gas alloyed layer may include precipitated titanium nitride needles and have a hardness between 600 HV0.1 and 1400 HV0.1. Process for producing a wear resistant edge layer on a substrate. The process includes forming a laser gas alloyed layer by melting a surface of a substrate, applying an intermediate layer by Laser-Arc, and depositing a hard amorphous carbon layer on the intermediate layer by Laser-Arc.

Abstract: A coating process for the fabrication of organic photoreceptors employs an electrically conductive single slot die biased to allow an electric field between the die and the ground plane on the photoreceptor substrate. The homogenous coating dispersion is fed through the die at a predetermined gap and rate to control coating thickness at the same time that an electric field is applied. The formulation, rheology, particle mobility, coating speed, electric field and the like are controlled so that the photogenerator particles migrate to the substrate in the dwell time defined by the coating die region.

Abstract: A method of making rotating element sheet material utilizing magnetic latching is provided. The first step is providing a sheet of sheet material comprising a substrate with a surface and rotatable elements disposed therein. The elements each have an optical and electrical anisotropy, and comprise at least two portions. One of the portions is magnetizable. After the magnetizable portions have been oriented in a common direction, they are magnetized substantially uniformly. The elements can be oriented such that the magnetized portions are disposed towards the surface of the substrate. A layer of hardenable mixture containing a plurality of magnetic particles is then applied to the surface of the substrate. The hardenable liquid is kept liquid for a period of time to allow the migration magnetic particles to the area of the layer in the vicinity of the magnetized portions of the rotatable elements.

Abstract: A coating scheme comprising a boron and nitrogen containing layer that satisfactorily adheres to a substrate is disclosed. The satisfactorily adherent coating scheme comprises a base layer, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer and the boron and nitrogen containing layer. The coating scheme is compatible with tooling for drilling, turning, milling, and/or forming hard, difficult to cut materials. The coating scheme has been applied to cutting inserts comprised of cermets or ceramics using PVD techniques. The boron and nitrogen layer preferably comprises boron nitride and, more preferably, cubic boron nitride.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel class of hard nano-structured materials comprising sp.sup.2 bonded graphite-like layers bonded together by sp.sup.3 three-dimensional diamond-like frameworks, wherein the whole carbon structure is stabilized with at least two alloying elements: the first alloying element selected from the group consisting of O, H, N, and a combination thereof; and the second alloying element selected from the group consisting of Si, B, Zr, Ti, V, Cr, Be, Hf, Al, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Re, Fe, Co, Ni and a combination thereof. Also disclosed, are methods of manufacture of the novel class of materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of laser shock processing that can be used in a production environment that increases the peak pressure of the shock wave applied to the workpiece that increases residual compresses stresses therein. Such improvement is created by a reduction of dielectric breakdown of the transparent overlay layer utilized.The method includes the steps of applying a transparent overlay such as water over the workpiece and reducing or limiting the thickness of the transparent overlay material. An alternate embodiment of the invention to reduce dielectric breakdown incorporates the use of a changing or circularly polarized laser beam as opposed to a linearly polarized laser beam.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating on the substrate. The coating includes a base adhesion layer that is on at least a portion of the substrate. A first intermediate adhesion layer, which includes boron and a first element, that is on the base adhesion layer. A second intermediate adhesion layer, which includes boron, the first element, and nitrogen, that is on the first intermediate adhesion layer. An outer adhesion layer, which includes boron and nitrogen preferably in the form of cubic boron nitride, that is on the second intermediate adhesion layer. A wear coating scheme wherein the innermost layer of the wear coating scheme is on the outer adhesion layer.

Abstract: A method of reforming the surface of a plastic article to provide a leather-like touch to the plastic article surface. In this method, a two-liquid type polyurethane paint is prepared and coated on the surface of the plastic article so as to form a coated film having a thickness ranging from 20 to 150 micrometers and having an elongation percentage ranging from 60 to 180% at 20.degree. C., a coefficient of friction ranging from 0.5 to 0.8, and an initial modulus of elasticity ranging from 60 to 150 kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: An apparatus for modifying an intravascular stent with endothelial cells and/or engineered endothelial cells which may have genetically altered DNA to minimize failure rates includes an external conductor sleeve, an insulating tube held therein, and a pair of insulated end caps, each detachably securable over each end of said insulating tube. Each insulated cap has a substantially centered aperture therethrough and a stent holder extending transversely therefrom to hold opposite ends of the stent therebetween. The insulated end caps and the insulating tube hold a solution containing the endothelial cells inside the insulating tube to surround exposed surfaces of the stent. An insulated internal conductor is received through the apertures.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in electrostatically applying coating material to an object includes a nozzle which directs a flow of coating material toward the object. A power supply unit provides an electric field to electrostatically charge the coating material. Control circuitry is provided to monitor the operating efficiency of the power supply unit and to provide an output signal when there is an impending failure of the power supply unit. The control circuitry monitors the relationship between an input current to the power supply unit and an output current from the power supply unit. When the relationship between the input current to the power supply unit and the output current from the power supply unit is outside of a predetermined range, the control circuitry is effective to provide an output signal to notify an operator that there is an impending power supply unit failure.

Abstract: A process for forming a cured paint film from a paint containing, as a binder, a resin containing a carbonyl group, or a resin, or a resin mixture containing a carbonyl group and a carboxyl group or a paint containing, as a binder, a resin containing a resin or a resin mixture containing a group which forms a carboxyl group in the subsequent contact step with a hydrazine compound or polyhydrazide compound. The uncured paint film, which contains a carbonyl group, or a carbonyl group and a carboxyl group or a group that forms a carboxyl group, is subjected to a step of curing the paint film by allowing the uncured paint film to contact with a hydrazine compound or a polyhydrazide compound.

Abstract: An electrodepositable coating composition is provided comprising (a) an active hydrogen-containing, cationic salt group-containing resin electrodepositable on a cathode; (b) a curing agent for transurethanation, transamidation or transesterification curing like at least a partially capped polyisocyanate curing agent; and (c) a catalytic mixture of bismuth and an amino acid or amino acid precursor. Optionally, an auxiliary acid may be present to increase the effectiveness of the amino acid in the mixture with bismuth.

Abstract: A magnetic conveyor system for transporting ferro-magnetic cans through an immersion or electro-immersion coating bath includes a magnetic infeed conveyor for transporting the cans toward an inlet end of the coating bath, a magnetic coating conveyor for removing the cans from the infeed conveyor and transporting them through the coating bath, and a magnetic outfeed conveyor for removing the cans from the coating conveyor at an outlet end of the coating bath. The magnetic coating conveyor includes an endless conveyor belt which defines inclined inlet and outlet runs relative to a surface of the coating bath. The cans are transported on the conveyor belt with a closed bottom of each can magnetically held to the conveyor belt and an open top of each can facing outwardly from the belt. The cans are transported into the coating bath at the inlet run with the closed bottom of each can entering the bath before the open top.

Abstract: A process for coating a tungsten carbide base material substrate with CVD diamond film includes carburization and gas-assisted vaporization of cobalt from the surface with simultaneous recrystallization of surface grains of tungsten carbide to change their stoichiometry for improved adherence.Also disclosed is a WC-Co cutting tool having a relatively fine WC grain size and coated with adherent CVD diamond.

Abstract: Photoimageable polyquinoline compositions comprise a polyquinoline polymer, a diazonaphthoquinone and optionally a photosensitizer. The composition is prepared by dissolving the polyquinoline polymer, diazonaphthoquinone and photosensitizer in a solvent to form a solution, coating the solution onto a substrate and thereafter removing the solvent to form a film. The film is exposed to light through a photomask and developed by immersion in a selective solvent to yield a photopatterned dielectric film.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive (MR) sensor for MR heads comprising a magnetoresistive ferromagnetic layer (MR layer) and an antiferromagnetic layer in direct contact with the surface of the MR layer. The MR layer has a face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure. The crystalline structure of the antiferromagnetic layer is the fcc structure in the vicinity of the interface of the MR layer and the antiferromagnetic layer, and continuously changes to a face-centered-tetragonal (fct) structure toward the surface opposite to the interface. The interface of the MR layer and the antiferromagnetic layer is continuous with respect to the crystalline structure due to the epitaxial growth of the antiferromagnetic layer on the surface of the MR layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microwave plasma processing method and apparatus. According to the present invention, the microwaves are introduced into the electric discharge means in correspondence with only the traveling direction thereof, whereby uniformity in a plasma density distribution corresponding to the surface to-be-processed of the sample can be sharply enhanced, so that the sample processed by utilizing such plasma can attain an enhanced processing homogeneity within the surface to be processed. In addition, homogeneity and stability of the plasma are improved by inserting a cavity resonator between the microwave generator and plasma processing (plasma generating) chamber, and coupling the cavity resonator and plasma processing chamber such that microwaves substantially only of a desired mode (e.g., TE.sub.11) pass into the plasma processing chamber. Such coupling to provide microwaves substantially only of circular TE.sub.

Abstract: Expanded graphite sealing rings having particles of PTFE captured at least in a surface layer are disclosed. The sealing rings are produced by impregnating porous rings, cut from a sheet of low density expanded graphite, with a PTFE dispersion and then compressing the rings to a desired final density. Impregnation is accomplished in the presence of an electric field.

Abstract: A compounding process for preparing a composite that includes introducing one or more fillers and a matrix material into a stirred ball mill and subjecting the fillers and the matrix material to a combination of shear and impact forces under reaction conditions including reaction time sufficient to reduce the size of agglomerates formed by the fillers to a value below a pre-determined value to disperse the fillers throughout the matrix material.

Abstract: A composite material having high hardness comprises a carbon nitrogen compound, such as CN.sub.x where x is greater than 0.1 and up to 1.33, deposited on a metal or metal compound selected to promote deposition of substantially crystalline CN.sub.x. The carbon nitrogen compound is deposited on a crystal plane of the metal or metal compound sufficiently lattice-matched with a crystal plane of the carbon nitrogen compound that the carbon nitrogen compound is substantially crystalline. A plurality of layers of the compounds can be formed in alternating sequence to provide a multi-layered, superlattice coating having a coating hardness in the range of 45-55 GPa, which corresponds to the hardness of a BN coating and approaches that of a diamond coating.

Abstract: A method of improving heat-seals for polyolefin polymers which are coated onto a paperboard substrate. The method obviates the need for use of a curable bonding agent. The materials are exposed to high energy radiation prior to formation of the heat seal to induce crosslinking of the poller and thereby increase the average molecular weight of same.

Abstract: A method of depositing fluid using acoustic droplet ejectors onto a receptor until the desired layer is formed.

Abstract: Electrodes are formed on an electronic part by an initial step of forming electrodes on a ceramic substrate, dipping the ceramic substrate in a noble metal solution for activating the surface of the electrodes by the use of a noble metal, and forming a solder layer or a tin layer on the activated surface of the electrode by electroless plating using 3-valence titanium ion as a reducing agent. The electrodes to be formed on the ceramic substrate may be a double layer comprised of a first layer containing silver, silver-palladium, silver-platinum or copper and a second electroless nickel plated layer. In the step of forming a solder layer or a tin layer on the activated surface of the electrode by electroless plating using 3-valence titanium ion a reducing agent, it is preferable to add a metal ion except tin and lead in the plating bath. Preferably, the metal ion added in the plating bath may be alkali earth metal element or may be at least one ion selected from the group consisting of Mg.sup.2+, Ca.sup.

Abstract: A method for manufacture of at least one micronozzle in an aerostatic bearing, wherein at least one hole is placed into a compacted bearing surface from porous sintered material by means of a laser beam and disposed so as to be distributed across the surface. The holes distributed across the compacted bearing surface constitute micronozzles of an aerostatic bearing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a permanently removable, low melt viscosity acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive comprising a lower alkylacrylate, a higher alkylacrylate and a crosslinker.

Abstract: A golf ball has a surface uniformly covered with a paint coat so that carrying properties of dimples can be stably elicited. A paint to which is applied a voltage of more than 50,000 V is supplied to a disk revolving at a speed of more than 15,000 rpm for atomization, the atomized paint being coated on the surface of the golf ball to form a paint coat within a thickness range of 5 to 60 .mu.m, with a maximum/minimum coat thickness ratio of 1 to 2.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is process method and articles of plated coating having functions ranging from wear resistance, lubricity, corrosion resistance, and further incorporating therein particulate matter having light emitting properties. Having this codeposited light emitting particles within the functional layer provides a signal for the determination of the presence of the coating and its stage of deterioration.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method of controlling the microstructure and service properties of electrically conductive transparent and other materials by passing an electrical current through the materials while simultaneously employing an additional process. Examples of the additional process include heating, sintering, deposition, casting, electrical arcing, and immersion in liquids. In one embodiment of the present invention, the additional process is deposition of a transparent conductive coating material while passing a current through the deposited coating along the surface of the coated material.

Abstract: The surface of titanium is treated to reduce the friction coefficient and wear loss without sacrificing its corrosion resistance. Pure titanium or titanium alloy is subjected to plasma-carburizing in an atmosphere containing hydrocarbon gas at a pressure of 0.5 to 15 Torr and a temperature of 700.degree. to 1100.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of providing electronic shielding comprising providing a layer of a polyaniline composition on the object to be shielded, whereby the entrance and egress of electromagnetic radiation is prevented. Also presented herein is a method of changing the absorption by a polyaniline composition of electromagnetic radiation by modifying the chemical structure and crystallinographic order of the polyaniline composition, wherein said composition comprises a composition of the formula ##STR1## where y can be equal to or greater than zero, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of --H, --OCH.sub.3, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --NR.sup.3.sub.2, --NHCOR.sup.3, --OH, --O, --SR.sup.3, --OR.sup.3, --OCOR.sup.3, --NO.sub.2, --COOH, --COOR.sup.3, --R.sup.3 SO.sub.3 H, --COR.sup.3, --CHO, and --CN, where R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group.

Abstract: A surface processing method capable of processing the surface of a work at a high processing rate without damaging the surface of the work uses, in combination, a fast processing technique using charged particles and a moderate processing technique using neutral particles that scarcely damage the surface of the work, and a surface processing apparatus suitable for carrying out the surface processing method. In carrying out a surface treatment process, the substrate is processed in a moderate surface processing mode using neutral particles while the substrate is exposed substantially to charged particles, and the substrate is processed in a fast surface processing mode using charged particles while the substrate is not exposed substantially to charged particles to achieve the surface treatment process at a high processing rate without damaging the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Novel aqueous accelerating solutions and methods for their use in connection with metal plating of dielectric materials are disclosed and claimed. The accelerating solutions are mildly basic aqueous solutions including dilute concentrations of copper ions.

Abstract: A coating method by which the speed of coating can be improved remarkably regardless of the number of polar groups on the surface of a web and irrespective of the properties of material for the web. A coating solution flowing out of a liquid injector is applied to a web supported by a coating backup roller. A high frequency signal from a master oscillator is amplified and applied to a vibrator. Ultrasonic waves generated in the vibrator are guided by a horn to be radiated to the contact line between the coating solution and the web. With the invention it is possible to prevent a coating solution from being intermittently applied to a web, and it is also possible to increase the coating limit speed, for example, by 5 to 26%. In addition, lateral stair-stepped unevenness of thickness is not produced in the coating layer.

Abstract: Short and long wavelength absorption losses contribute to loss at the operating wavelength of an optical fiber drawn from a preform. Excess losses over and above Rayleigh scattering losses have been attributed to conditions such as temperature and the speed during drawing. Typically, after optical fiber (21) is drawn from an optical preform in a furnace (23) wherein temperatures may be 2200.degree. C. or higher, the fiber is moved out of the furnace and immediately through ambient environment to other portions of a draw line such as, for example, measuring and coating apparatus. It has been found that these absorption losses may be reduced substantially by application of a magnetic field to the optical fiber after it has been drawn and prior to it being coated.

Abstract: A method is provided for absorbing electromagnetic radiation using a polyaniline composition, wherein the radiation is infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, radar, or microwave radiation. Also provided is a method for reducing the detectability by radar of an object by increasing the absorption of radar waves and thereby decrease the reflection of the radar waves by applying to the object a polyaniline composition or a partially protonated salt thereof.

Abstract: A shape-holding composite pressure sensitive plate comprising a substrate of organic high-polymer, a metal sheet attached to one surface of the substrate and adapted to be bent by hand and to hold, in free form, its shape, a pressure sensitive adhesive applied to the other surface of the substrate, and a release liner peelably attached to the other surface of the substrate via the pressure sensitive adhesive.