Abstract: An digital watermark embedding device including an interface unit configured to acquire content in a digital form and digital watermark information, the device includes, a codeword generating unit configured to generate a base codeword including a bit sequence including the digital watermark information; a shifting unit configured to generate a plurality of correcting codewords differing from one another by permutating an arrangement in the bit sequence included in the base codeword depending on a plurality of shift amounts, the plurality of shift amounts differing from one digital watermark information to another, under a predetermined permutation rule; and a watermark superimposing unit configured to embed the plurality of correcting codewords in the content.

Abstract: A media stream comprising rich media scene packets and scene update packets is complemented with a data packet defining an exit point for interrupting rendering rich media of the stream and a scene update packet associated with the data packet and defining an entry point back to rendering rich media of the stream. The exit-entry point pair defines an alternative media rendering route that can be used by user terminals to recover from errors in the media stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of providing an audio output to a user in a communications system in which the audio to be output to a user, preferably an audio frame, is assessed before it is broadcast to the user, and then selectively changed on the basis of the assessment. The assessment may be carried out in the audio encoding process, in the audio decoding process and/or after the audio decoding process. The selective changing of the audio output may comprise selectively replacing the audio output and/or re-encoding of the audio output.

Abstract: A method for soft remodulation in a receiver of transmissions over a wireless telecommunication system, the method including obtaining from a FEC decoder a-posteriori LLR values, converting the a-posteriori LLR values into bit probabilities and computing improved soft symbols estimates as expected values using the bit probabilities in a recursive algorithm. Preferably, the step of converting is implemented using a pre-computed Look Up Table (LUT). Preferably, the step of computing is implemented in a Multiplier-Accumulator having a SIMD structure.

Abstract: A high throughput and scalable MIMO detector can use a K-Best detection algorithm to find K combinations of transmit symbols that are likely to be the symbols that were actually transmitted. The K-best MIMO detector can include a plurality of stages, where each stage may correspond to a transmit antenna, and each stage can find K best symbol combinations based on information from a previous stage. To find the new K best symbol combinations, at each stage, a plurality of metrics for potential combinations are computed and sorted by magnitude. The MIMO detector preferably uses a high throughput, merge sorting algorithm to sort the metrics.

Abstract: A set of one or more receiver parameters is adjusted. It is determined whether to adjust the set of receiver parameters. In the event it is determined to adjust the set of receiver parameters, a new set of values is generated for the set of receiver parameters using a cost function (where the cost function does not assume a noise signal in a receive signal to have a particular statistical distribution) and the set of receiver parameters is changed to have the new set of values.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data, a receiving method, related devices, and an aircraft equipped with the devices. The method includes determining an authentication word of the data; processing the data to obtain processed data; and transmitting the processed data on a transmission channel.

Abstract: An information processing device includes: a receiving operation for receiving, from a transmission device, content and first verification data corresponding to divided content obtained by dividing the content; a detecting operation for detecting an error of the divided content based on second verification data to be calculated based on the divided content and the first verification data received in the receiving operation; and an obtaining operation for obtaining other divided content corresponding to the divided content having the error detected in the detecting operation from another information processing device different from the transmission device, when the error of the divided content is detected in the detecting operation.

Abstract: Techniques are described for detecting faults in media content based on the behavior of users viewing the media content. Embodiments stream a first instance of media content to one or more users. The behavior of the one or more users is monitored while the users are viewing the streaming first instance of media content. Embodiments then determine whether the first instance of media content is faulty, based on the monitored behavior of the one or more users.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for data processing. For example, data processing systems are disclosed that include: a data decoder circuit, a decoder log, a mis-correction detection circuit, and a controller circuit.

Abstract: A receiver of a wireless communication system and method thereof include antennas configured to receive data, wherein the data comprises a preamble, a header, and a payload. The receiver also includes a synchronizer configured to perform time synchronization of the data received through corresponding paths of each antenna using corresponding preambles of the data. The receiver includes a header detector configured to detect a header from the data of each of the paths. A surviving path selector in the receiver is configured to select a signal of a surviving path from among the paths based on the header or the preamble. The receiver also includes combiner configured to combine the signal existing in the surviving path to demodulate the payload.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for min-sum based decoding of non-binary LDPC codes. For example, a non-binary low density parity check data decoding system is discussed that includes a variable node processor and a check node processor. The variable node processor is operable to generate variable node to check node message vectors and to calculate perceived values based on check node to variable node message vectors. The check node processor is operable to generate the check node to variable node message vectors and to calculate checksums based on variable node to check node message vectors. The check node processor includes a minimum and subminimum finder circuit operable to process a plurality of sub-messages in each variable node to check node message vector. The check node processor also includes a select and combine circuit operable to combine an output of the minimum and subminimum finder circuit to generate the check node to variable node message vectors.

Abstract: Integrated circuits with memory elements may be provided. Integrated circuits may include memory error detection circuitry that is capable of correcting single-bit errors, correcting adjacent double-bit errors, and detecting adjacent triple-bit errors. The memory error detection circuitry may include encoding circuitry that generates parity check bits interleaved among memory data bits. The memory error detection circuitry may include decoding circuitry that is used to generate output data and error signals to indicate whether a correctable soft error or an uncorrectable soft error has been detected. The output data may be written back to the memory elements if a correctable soft error is detected. The memory error detection circuitry may be operable in a pipelined or a non-pipelined mode depending on the desired application.

Abstract: A data writing method for writing page data into a rewritable non-volatile memory module is provided, the rewritable non-volatile memory module has a plurality of physical blocks, and each of the physical blocks has a plurality of physical pages. The data writing method includes grouping the physical pages into a plurality of physical page groups according to write speed of each physical page. The data writing method also includes compressing the page data to generate compressed data and calculating a data compression ratio corresponding to the compressed data. The data writing method further includes writing the compressed data into one of the physical pages in a corresponding physical page group among the physical page groups according to the data compression ratio. Accordingly, the data writing method can effectively ensure the accuracy of data stored in the rewritable non-volatile memory module.

Abstract: A “Media Transmission Optimizer” provides a media transmission optimization framework for lossy or bursty networks such as the Internet. This optimization framework provides a novel form of dynamic Forward Error Correction (FEC) that focuses on the perceived quality of a recovered media signal rather than on the absolute accuracy of the recovered media signal. In general, the Media Transmission Optimizer provides an encoder that optimizes the transmission of redundant frames of electronic media information encoded at different bit rates, and provides optimized playback quality by providing a decoder that automatically selects an optimal path through one or more available representations of each frame as a function of overall rate/distortion criteria.

Abstract: A method of transmitting downlink data after re-establishment of a universal terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) acknowledged mode (AM) radio link control (RLC) entity includes receiving a plurality of RLC service data units (SDUs) from a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the UTRAN; dividing the received RLC SDUs into RLC protocol data units (PDUs) and transmitting the RLC PDUs to a user equipment (UE); receiving acknowledgments from the UE for received RLC PDUs; receiving a re-establishment request at a transmitting side of the AM RLC entity from upper layers of the UTRAN; discarding all RLC SDUs that have been fully transmitted to the UE before the re-establishment request is received; and discarding all RLC SDUs that have not been fully transmitted to the UE when the re-establishment request is received.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to extract data encoded in media content are disclosed. An example method includes sampling a media content signal to generate digital samples, determining a frequency domain representation of the digital samples, determining a first rank of a first frequency in the frequency domain representation, determining a second rank of a second frequency in the frequency domain representation, combining the first rank and the second rank with a set of ranks to create a combined set of ranks, comparing the combined set of ranks to a set of reference sequences, determining a data represented by the combined set of ranks based on the comparison, and storing the data in a memory device.

Abstract: In a method, by a first circuit, a plurality of bits is converted in a first format to a second format. By a second circuit, the plurality of bits in the second format is used to program a plurality of memory cells corresponding to the plurality of bits. The first circuit and the second circuit are electrically coupled together in a first chip. The plurality of bits is selected from the group consisting of 1) address information, cell data information, and program information of a memory cell that has an error; and 2) word data information of a first word and error code and correction information corresponding to the word data information of the first word.

Abstract: A mark adding unit adds first information that is erroneously generated error detecting data of first data stored in a first storage area of a memory to the first data and adds second information that is erroneously generated error detecting information of second data stored in a second storage area to the second data. A mark removing unit removes the second information in the second data by rewriting the second information with the error detecting information of the second data without rewriting the first information in the first data when the second storage area out of the first storage area and the second storage area is configured to be usable. An error detecting unit performs an error detecting process of read-out data using information that is added to the read-out data in a case where the data stored in the memory is read out.

Abstract: A system and method for error tolerant content delivery is provided. A data file for transmission including metadata and data is received. The metadata includes mandatory portions and optional portions. The file is parsed into packets and transmitted as a data stream to a plurality of receiver devices, which may look for transmission errors in the control data of the data stream. Data streams comprising errors are discarded; otherwise, the receiver device converts the data stream into the native file format and stores it. The system may bifurcate each data file into the common encrypted content and the uniquely encrypted portion. The commonly encrypted portion of the file may be transmitted to a plurality of receiver devices using a multicast transmission medium, and the relatively small uniquely encrypted portions may be transmitted using a unicast method to each receiver individually. The receiver device may then reconstitute the DRM data file.

Abstract: This application relates to systems and methods for recovering data in multimedia file segments. A communication device may receive a multimedia file segment that includes damaged data. The communication device may replace the damaged data with dummy data to reconstruct the multimedia file segment. The communication device may then play the reconstructed multimedia file segment. Thus, by replacing the damaged data with dummy data, the communication device may play a multimedia file segment even when part of the segment may be damaged.

Abstract: A method includes accepting an input code word, which was produced by encoding data with an Error Correction Code (ECC), for decoding by a hardware-implemented ECC decoder. The input code word is pre-processed to produce a pre-processed code word, such that a first number of bit transitions that occur in the hardware-implemented ECC decoder while decoding the pre-processed code word is smaller than a second number of the bit transitions that would occur in the ECC decoder in decoding the input code word. The pre-processed code word is decoded using the ECC decoder, and the data is recovered from the decoded pre-processed code word.

Abstract: A method and correct apparatus for correction of at least one digital information item which is transmitted by at least one information source to at least one information sink is provided. The information source can be connected both to an information sink and also to a correction apparatus by means of a data transmission medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for interacting with an IVR system. In one aspect, a computing device receives a user request to connect to an IVR system to perform an action. A request for information (e.g., a request to select from a plurality of menu options) is obtained from the IVR system. In response to the request, the computing device automatically supplies an answer to the request for information to the IVR system. In one embodiment, the answer is a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signal. The obtaining and supplying steps are repeated until the action has been performed.

Abstract: A system for signal processing includes: a plurality of signal processing units associated with corresponding channels; a feedback channel for receiving a selected feedback signal through a selector of an output associated with each of the signal processing units; and a correlator connected to the feedback channel and having a receiving unit to receive the selected feedback signal, an error calculating unit to calculate an error based at least in part on the selected feedback signal, and a correction calculation unit to generate a correcting information based at least in part on the error. In some cases, the association between the signal processing units and the signal channels is configured based on a mode.

Abstract: In a memory testing method for testing a memory module of a computing device, an operating voltage of the memory module is adjusted to a first voltage or a second voltage. A predetermined data set is written into the memory module after the operating voltage of the memory module is adjusted, and the written data set is read out from the memory module, to accomplish a data writing and reading process of the memory module. A register value that presents how many memory errors have occurred during the data writing and reading process is acquired from an ECC register of the memory module, to determine whether the memory module is stable during the adjusting of the operating voltage according to the register value.

Abstract: Techniques generally related to a multi-copy transmission scheme are described. A first wireless communication device may transmit Xi copies of each ith packet in an N numbers of packets over a wireless communication link to a second wireless communication device. In response, the second wireless may transmit Y copies of an acknowledgement over the wireless communication link to the first wireless communication device. The first wireless communication device may retransmit the packets if it does not receive the acknowledgement within a predetermined time period. The second wireless communication device may retransmit the acknowledgment if it does not receive other packets within another predetermined time period. N, Xi, and Y may be optimized for one or more of throughput, latency, and energy consumption using calculations or simulations.

Abstract: A method and system to improve the performance and/or reliability of a solid-state drive (SSD). In one embodiment of the invention, the SSD has logic compress a block of data to be stored in the SSD. If it is not possible to compress the block of data below the threshold, the SSD stores the block of data without any compression. If it is possible to compress the block of data below the threshold, the SSD compresses the block of data and stores the compressed data in the SSD. In one embodiment of the invention, the SSD has logic to dynamically adjust or select the strength of the error correcting code of the data that is stored in the SSD. In another embodiment of the invention, the SSD has logic to provide intra-page XOR protection of the data in the page.

Abstract: A resource initialization method and system, and a network access server are provided. The resource initialization method includes: receiving a network access request transmitted from a User Equipment (UE), where the network access request includes: UE identity (ID) information; locally searching for, according to the UE ID information in the network access request, and find a preconfigured unicast and multicast resource threshold corresponding to the UE ID information; and transmitting the unicast and multicast resource threshold of the UE to a Resource Manager (RM), so that the RM assigns unicast resources and multicast resources according to the unicast and multicast resource threshold. Through the method, the process of obtaining the unicast and multicast resource threshold can be simplified, and thus the efficiency of resource initialization configuration is improved.

Abstract: An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission method includes generating a data symbol. A control information signal is generated. The control information signal relates to a modulation scheme and an error correction scheme of a data symbol in a frame. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal is formed. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal includes the data symbol and the control information signal. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal is formed by arranging the control information signal in a first symbol group that is formed with subcarriers in a time period, and in a second symbol group that is formed with subcarriers, located in the time period, and that has a frequency band distant from the first symbol group.

Abstract: The present invention is a configurable binary BCH encoder having a variable number of errors. The encoder may implement a universal multipole block which may be configured for receiving an error number input, which may include a maximum error number limit for the encoder, and for calculating a plurality of error coefficients based on the error number input. The encoder may be further configured for receiving a plurality of information bits of an information word. The encoder may be further configured for transmitting/outputting a first (ex.—unmodified) subset of the information bits as an encoder output. The encoder may be further configured for calculating a plurality of parity bits based on a second subset of the information bits and the error coefficients. The encoder may be further configured for transmitting/outputting the calculated parity bits as part of the encoder output.

Abstract: A data processing device can perform error detection and correction in two stages: in the first stage, error detection is performed for the load data using the in-line error detection information. If a first type of error is detected in the data segment, the error is corrected using the in-line error detection information. If a second type of error is detected error correction is performed using the residual sum.

Abstract: Example embodiments described herein may relate to memory devices, and may relate more particularly to error detection or correction of stored signals in memory devices.

Abstract: A transmitting and receiving system includes first and second transmitting and receiving apparatuses. The first transmitting and receiving apparatus includes a generating unit and a transmitting unit. The generating unit generates a packet for transmission by attaching packet identification information to transmission data to which an error detection code is attached, and uses, as the packet identification information, a code that is capable of detecting a 1-bit error caused by transmission of the packet for transmission. The transmitting unit converts the number of bits of the packet for transmission and transmits the converted packet. The second transmitting and receiving apparatus includes a receiving unit and a correcting unit. The receiving unit subjects the transmitted packet to inverse conversion of the number of bits. The correcting unit detects a 1-bit error in the packet identification information of the inverse-converted packet, and corrects the error.

Abstract: A method performed by an I/O unit connected to another I/O unit in a network device. The method includes receiving a packet; segmenting the packet into a group of data blocks; storing the group of data blocks in a data memory; generating data protection information for a data block of the group of data blocks; creating a control block for the data block; storing, in a control memory, a group of data items for the control block, the group of data items including information associated with a location, of the data block, within the data memory and the data protection information for the data block; performing a data integrity check on the data block, using the data protection information, to determine whether the data block contains a data error; and outputting the data block when the data integrity check indicates that the data block does not contain a data error.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate signaling Physical Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Indicator Channel (PHICH) resource assignments in a wireless communication environment. At least a portion of a current PHICH resource assignment for a current Transmission Time Interval (TTI) and at least a portion of a subsequent PHICH resource assignment for a subsequent TTI can be encoded within a common encoded signal. Further, the common encoded signal can be sent to an access terminal during the current TTI. For instance, the common encoded signal can be transmitted via a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). Alternatively, the common encoded signal can be sent through dedicated Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling during handover. The access terminal can decode the common encoded signal received from the base station to identify the current PHICH resource assignment (or portion thereof) and the subsequent PHICH resource assignment (or portion thereof).

Abstract: A method of conveying transport block size (TBS) information includes determining TBS parameters for a wireless transmission of data between a first node and a second node based on a first number of transmission layers associated with the wireless transmission. The method also includes generating a control message indicating the TBS parameters and transmitting the control message to the second node. The method also includes transmitting a transport block to the second node in accordance with the TBS parameters indicated by the control message. The transport block is transmitted over a first number of transmission layers. The method also includes retransmitting the transport block to the second node in accordance with the TBS parameters indicated by the control message. The transport block is retransmitted over a second number of transmission layers that differs from the first number of transmission layers.

Abstract: A method for reducing uncorrectable errors of a memory device regarding Error Correction Code (ECC) includes: performing majority vote according to data read at different times at a same address in order to generate majority vote data corresponding to the address; and checking whether the majority vote data has any uncorrectable error in order to determine whether to output the majority vote data as data of the address. An associated memory device and the controller thereof are further provided.

Abstract: A transmitter cyclic pattern having a pattern length of N bits is generated and converted into an M-bit transmitter parallel data stream, where N?M. A bit-sequence altered transmitter parallel data stream is generated by performing a transmitter altering process, converted into a serial data and transmitted together with a clock signal. The serial data is received and converted into an M-bit receiver parallel data stream, and a bit-sequence restored parallel data stream is generated by performing a process opposite to the transmitter altering process. A receiver cyclic pattern is generated by using bits in the bit-sequence restored parallel data stream and converted into an M-bit reference parallel data stream, and a bit-sequence altered reference parallel data stream is generated by performing a process same as the transmitter altering process and compared with the received parallel data to test if the data is correctly received.

Abstract: A bill identification apparatus accurately identifying an authenticity with a folding line formed in a watermark. The bill identification apparatus includes: bill reading means; a converter which converts the watermarked image read by the bill reading means for each pixel containing color information having brightness; a image correction processing part which calculates an average density value for each pixel array in one direction, an average density value for each pixel array in the other direction, and an average density value of an entire watermarked image and corrects density values of respective pixels so as to approximate or match the average density value of the entire watermarked image; a reference data storage part which stores a reference watermarked image; an identification processing part which compares the corrected image by the image correction processing part with the reference watermarked image and identifies an authenticity.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for performing a quantum error correction. An error correction is performed on each of a plurality of qubit sets restore a desired basis state of the qubit set. Each qubit set corresponds to an associated logical qubit. A number of corrected qubits at each of the plurality of qubit sets are recorded. A first set of the plurality of logical qubits having a first state and a second set of the plurality of logical qubits having a second state are determined. One of the first set of logical qubits and the second set of logical qubits are corrected according to the recorded numbers of corrected qubits.

Abstract: To suppress deterioration in image quality even if skew occurs during conveyance of a medium, an apparatus, which is configured to record on the medium conveyed in a direction that intersects an array direction of a plurality of recording elements using a recording head on which the recording elements are arranged, includes a table in which the recording elements are divided into a plurality of groups, and which includes correction information corresponding to the recording elements for each group, a first acquisition unit configured to acquire position information about the medium in the array direction, a second acquisition unit configured to acquire the correction information based on the position information and the table, and a correction unit configured to correct image data based on the correction information.

Abstract: Described herein are a method and apparatuses for providing customizable error correction for memory arrays. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a memory device having a memory array to store data and an analog to digital sense unit coupled to the memory array. The analog to digital sense unit senses analog signals associated with the memory array and converts the analog signals into distributions of digital values. An error-correcting code (ECC) unit receives the distributions of digital values from the analog to digital sense unit. A configurable non-volatile look-up table generates ECC parameters including error probability data and provides the ECC parameters to the ECC unit for error correction. The error probability data has error probability values that are associated with the distributions of digital values. The ECC unit executes an ECC algorithm to provide error correction using the error probability data.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus is provided, including a combination determination unit configured to determine combinations of data packets so that when a data packet in a first frame is missed in transmission, a recover packet (FEC packet) for recovering the missing data packet is generated based on data packets in the first frame and data packets in a second frame, and an error correction coding unit configured to generate a recover packet based on the determination made by the combination determination unit.

Abstract: A control unit extracts partial information containing embedded information from a partial area of a content, and controls decoding of the embedded information. A decoding unit performs a decoding process of decoding a plurality of code words contained in the embedded information from the partial information. When the decoding process is successfully performed, the decoding unit notifies the control unit of completion of the decoding process so that each of the control unit and the decoding unit perform a parallel processing in an asynchronous manner. The control unit repeatedly extracts the partial information and sends extracted partial information to the decoding unit until the decoding process is successfully performed.

Abstract: Techniques for performing duplicate detection and re-ordering for a HARQ transmission are described. For duplicate detection, a receiver determines whether a decoded packet x for an ARQ channel y is a duplicate packet based on packet x and a prior decoded packet for ARQ channel y. For re-ordering, the receiver determines whether an earlier packet is still pending on any other ARQ channel based on prior decoded packets for the ARQ channels and forwards packet x only if there are no pending earlier packets. There are no pending earlier packets on another ARQ channel z if (1) a decoded packet was received on ARQ channel z at a designated time or later or (2) a decoded packet was not received on ARQ channel z within a time window from current time.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of transmitting/receiving a multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) is disclosed. The present invention enables ARQ and HARQ to be applied to the MBMS transmission, thereby enabling more efficient data transmissions at a greater rate.

Abstract: A flash memory device includes a plurality of memory cells each configured to store k-bit data, where k is a natural number greater than one. The device is programmed by a method including reading (i?1)-th order data from a selected memory cell connected to a selected wordline before programming i-th order data in one or more adjacent memory cells connected to an adjacent wordline, wherein i is a natural number between two and k, storing as read data the (i?1)-th order data read from the selected memory cell, and programming i-th order data in the selected memory cell based on the stored read data.

Abstract: A read method in a flash memory system containing a flash memory and a memory controller includes updating a selected one of indexes of a selected one of blocks of the flash memory, in a wear-out table for indexing each of the blocks of the flash memory, and setting a start read level to start read retry on the selected block by referring to a read retry table corresponding to a wear-out degree included in the selected index when a current request of read retry on the selected block is received.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory system is provided. The nonvolatile memory device includes a multi-level memory array and a page buffer; and a memory controller configured to control first page data to be to read from the multi-level memory array and stored in the page buffer, a first error bit of the first page data to be detected, an error of the first page data stored in the page buffer to be to corrected using first corrected data having an error corrected in the first error bit, and a first refresh program operation of the error-corrected first page data to be performed on the multi-level memory array.