Abstract: Polymer having a polymodal MWD ethylene copolymer are prepared by conducting the polymerization in a substantially mix free reactor using an essentially transfer agent free reaction mixture, the reaction being carried out in a manner such that the propagation of essentially all copolymer chains is initiated simultaneously. In carrying out the process of this invention, the catalyst components are premixed and aged prior to introduction into the reactor. The process is preferably carried out in a tubular reactor using VCl.sub.4 and aluminum sesquichloride as the catalyst system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to amides of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently hydrogen or methyl, m is 1 to 5 and n is 1 to 5 and R.sup.4 is --NH.sub.2 or is derived from a mono- to pentavalent amine.Intermediates of formula VIII ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and m are as defined above and X is a carboxylic acid or acid ester group, --COCl, --COBr, --CHO or --CN, are also described.The compounds of formula I can be polymerized thermally. They are suitable for the preparation of adhesives, matrix resins or electrical insulating materials.

Abstract: A process of preparing a vinyl chloride polymer in a polymerization vessel comprising the steps of:charging a polymerization initiator through a charging passage communicating with the inside of the polymerization vessel, andpolymerizing vinyl chloride or a vinyl monomer mixture containing vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium,wherein after said polymerization initiator has been charged into the polymerization vessel, said charging passage is externally heated. This process can prevent scale formation in the charging passage, and produce a vinyl chloride polymer of high quality.

Abstract: A radical polymerizable composition comprising(A) a compound having a pi-electron conjugated structure and(B) a radical polymerizable compound, which is useful for molding into an arbitrary shape, which can be rendered electrically conductive and which is, therefore, useful as a material for electrodes or circuits in the electrical and electronic industry.

Abstract: A method for preparing vinyl chloride polymers which comprises polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer or a vinylic monomer mixture mainly composed of vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymerization initiator, characterized by washing a piping and an opening of a polymerizer, for charging the polymerization initiator into the polymerizer, with water, steam or a washing liquid capable of lowering the half-life of the polymerization initiator to not more than 30 minutes after introducing the initiator into the polymerizer. The method makes it possible to eliminate the formation of polymer scales on the piping and the opening for charging the polymerization initiator into a polymerizer and, therefore, the yield of the vinyl chloride polymers can greatly improved and the production cost can be substantially saved. Moreover, the polymer product does not include any materials used for washing said portions and thus polymer product of high quality can be provided in a high yield.

Abstract: Reaction of a linear alternating copolymer of carbon monoxide and ethylene with a 1,2-dihydroxyalkane of up to 1 additional hydroxyl group produce polydioxolanes having dioxolane moieties attached to the polymer chain through a common carbon atom and furan moieties within the polymer chain.

Abstract: A polyalcohol homopolymer having the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is about 3 to about 10.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polymodal MWD ethylene-alpha olefin copolymer using at least two catalysts to initiate growth of polymer chains that attain different average molecular weights. The polymodal MWD ethylene copolymer comprises at least two different molecular weight modes each mode having a narrow MWD and at least one of two characteristics (1) an Mw/Mn of less than 2 and (2) Mz/Mw of less than 1.8.

Abstract: Polymodal MWD ethylene copolymer comprising at least two modes of differing molecular weights. Each mode has at least one of M.sub.w /M.sub.n of less than 2.0, and a M.sub.z /M.sub.w of less than 1.8. The polymodal character of the copolymer is achieved by either (1) withdrawing polymer modes from the reactor from at least one takeoff port, and blending such modes with the reactor effluent, or (2) utilizing at least two catalyst species in the reaction to produce modes of differing molecular weights.

Abstract: A polymerization process and reactor utilizes a high power shock producing device for introducing high energy pulses shock waves to a body of constituent monomer molecules for breaking and making bonds. The high energy pulsed shock waves are generated and introduced into a body of the constituent monomerics to break the molecular bonds and create new bonding by a hollow piezoelectric shock tube mounted in an autoclave. A stirrer is operated simultaneously to stir away the new bonding sites and make them available for linkage to another monomer contained in the reactor vessel.

Abstract: Thermosettable compositions comprising an alkenyl phenyl cyanate and at least one of an aromatic polycyanate, a polymaleimide or a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated aromatic monomer are disclosed.

Abstract: In a reactor for continuous polymerization in which an olefinic monomer is polymerized by contacting the olefinic monomer under suitable reaction conditions with an initiator, the formation of residue in the reactor is reduced by introducing the olefinic monomer and initiator into opposite sides of a turbulent zone produced by an agitator in the reactor. This improves mixing of the olefinic monomer and the initiator and prevents the initiator from contacting high concentrations of the olefinic monomer which results in reduced residue formation in the reactor.

Abstract: Thermosettable compositions comprising an alkenyl phenyl cyanate and at least one of an aromatic polycyanate, a polymaleimide or a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated aromatic monomer are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel copolymers of alpha-olefins comprised of intramolecularly heterogeneous and intermolecularly homogeneous copolymer chains.

Abstract: The copolymerization of water soluble monomers with water insoluble monomers can be effected by using a solution of a water soluble surfactant to solubilize the water insoluble monomer. The aqueous medium containing the surfactant and water insoluble monomer is therefore a homogeneous, isotropic, transparent dispersion, into which the water soluble monomer can be dissolved and, after addition of a suitable free radical initiator, can be copolymerized to give a reaction mixture which does not phase separate, or contain substantial amounts of particulates of insoluble monomer. The copolymers which may be isolated from the reaction mixture are good viscosifiers of water and brine.

Abstract: Provided is a method for vapor phase polymerization of olefins. An olefin gas is fed into a horizontal cylindrical vessel having a lower curved surface corresponding to 30 to 180 degrees of the circumference of the vessel and extending substantially the length of the vessel formed by a perforated plate having a multiplicity of holes spaced at intervals in the range of from 0.5 to 50 mm, through said plate from an olefin feed chamber mounted below and covering the plate. A polymer catalyst is fed into the horizontal cylindrical vessel through a polymerization catalyst inlet port located in a portion of the vessel other than the lower curved surface formed by the perforated plate. The olefin is reacted in the presence of a catalyst with agitation to form polymer. Unreacted olefin is removed through a discharge port located in a portion of the vessel other than the lower curved surface formed by the perforated plate.

Abstract: Copolymers of (a) one or more .alpha.-olefins having the formula (A) ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl group or a phenyl group; and (b) one or more substituted .alpha.-olefins having the formula (B) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, and Z is an --OH, --COOH, ##STR3## in which R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, and each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, said copolymers having from 1 to 50% by weight of the monomers of formula (B) incorporated therein in polymerized form and a melt flow index (MSI 230/5) of from 2 to 20 g/10 min. and a process for their manufacture.

Abstract: Linear addition polymer beads having repeating units of vinylbenzyl alcohol and at least one other structure different from vinylbenzyl alcohol, wherein the vinylbenzyl alcohol units comprise at least 0.5% by weight of the linear polymer, and thermally crosslinked derivatives thereof. The beads are thermally crosslinked by heating during formation thereof or thereafter in the presence of a free radical initiator, such that alpha-hydroxy benzylic methylene or benzyloxy crosslinks are formed between aromatic rings of the vinylbenzyl alcohol units, and between the vinylbenzyl alcohol units and other active sites in the polymer. The linear addition polymers may be formed directly from vinylbenzyl alcohol monomer and at least one other monomer, or indirectly by hydrolysis of vinylbenzyl chloride during linear polymer formation therefrom. The crosslinked products are useful as adsorbents, hydrogels and as intermediates in the preparation of other adsorbents, ion exchange resins, catalysts and slow release agents.

Abstract: Method for homogenizing a monomer mix for making latexes, such as polyvinyl chloride latexes, comprising pumping the mix to a shearing means, shearing said mix by means of the rotating shearing means having multiple shearing surfaces while conveying it into rotating channels in the shearing means where the mix is subjected to centrifigal forces, conveying the mix from the rotating channels into stationary channels, repeating the preceding steps at least once, conveying the mix into a chamber which completes the first stage of a homogenizer, conveying the mix from the first stage through at least one more stage, recirculating the mix through the first stage and the additional stage or stages 3 to 25 times, and then conveying the mix to the polymerization reactor where the latex of improved colloidal stability is obtained as determined by a drastic reduction in polymer build-up on reactor interior and coagulum in the latex.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising as a main component a polymeric resin obtained by solution polymerization of at least one of polymerizable amino acid compounds of either one of the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R.sub.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl optionally having --SO--, --COO-- or --O-- therein, R.sub.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene optionally substituted with --OH, --SH or --SR.sub.7 (R.sub.7 being C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl) and/or optionally substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or phenylene optionally substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and A is --COOH or --SO.sub.3 H, and ##STR2## wherein R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, R.sub.11 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl optionally having --SO--, --COO-- or --O-- therein, or a group of the formula: ##STR3## (R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 being each as defined above), R.sub.12 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compositions useful as multi-purpose lubricant and functional fluid additives and as thickeners and antisag additives for resins, paints and the like are prepared by free radical polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an oil-soluble dispersant. The carboxylic dispersants are preferred, especially esters of hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acids wherein the substituent contains at least about 30 carbon atoms and the reaction products of such acids or their derivatives with amines, usually polyalkylene polyamines.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing an amphoteric composite resin which process comprises first polymerizing a dispersion comprising two liquid phases wherein the first liquid phase comprises at least one monomer containing a basic group or a precursor or derivative thereof and a crosslinking agent, and the second liquid phase comprises at least one monomer containing an acidic group or a precursor or derivative thereof and a crosslinking agent, and wherein the monomers are not of opposite charge, the two liquid phases are substantially immiscible and partitioning of the monomers from one liquid phase to the other is minimal, to form a composite polymeric material; and second treating the composite polymeric material to convert any acidic group precursor or derivative and any basic group precursor or derivative to the free acid and free base respectively to form an amphoteric composite resin.

Abstract: A process for the production of a particulate ion exchange material which comprises heating an inorganic material to produce a porous inert inorganic substrate, adsorbing an organic monomer into the substrate and polymerizing the adsorbed monomer so that the resultant polymer is retained within the pores of the substrate, and, if necessary, introducing ion exchange functional groups into the polymer.

Abstract: This invention provides .alpha.-substituted-vinyl menthyl carbonate esters, and further provides menthol-release oligomeric and polymeric derivatives thereof corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN R is a member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals containing between 1 and about 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer varying between 2 and about 200.This invention further provides a smoking composition comprising an admixture of tobacco and a polymeric composition as described herein as a menthol-release agent.

Abstract: Allyl halides are polymerized by a catalyst, silicic or silicoformic acids, to produce poly(allyl halide) polymer and poly(allyl alcohol) polymer.

Abstract: Allyl halides are polymerized by alkali metal silicates and alkaline earth metal silicates to produce poly (allyl halide allyl alcohol) polymers.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of indene resins comprising the steps of continuously pre-heating an indene-containing hydrocarbon mixture, continuously adding a boron trifluoride-adduct catalyst and the pre-heated indene-containing mixture to a reaction tube, continuously isothermally reacting the indene-containing mixture with the catalyst at the temperature of the pre-heated mixture to form an indene-containing resin, continuously decomposing the catalyst, and continuously separating the indene-containing resin from the decomposed catalyst and unreacted substances.

Abstract: In the polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than vinyl chloride, deposition of polymer scale on the inner walls of a polymerization reactor and other surfaces coming into contact with the monomer is effectively prevented (regardless of the type of polymerization used, so long as it takes place in a heterogeneous phase) by coating the surfaces of the reactor with at least one compound selected from organic electron donor compounds and organic electron-acceptor compounds prior to polymerization; the compound or compounds having been or being brought into contact with an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, an acid or a base, or having been or being irradiated with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Allyl halides are polymerized by a catalyst, silicic or silicoformic acid, to produce poly(allyl halide) polymer and poly(allyl alcohol) polymer.

Abstract: Butyl rubber is prepared by polymerizing isobutylene and a conjugated diolefin in a liquid reaction medium wherein the temperature is controlled by indirect heat-exchange with boiling ethylene admixed with a gas which is inert towards ethylene, the said boiling ethylene being subjected to a controlled pressure maintained at a value not lower than atmospheric.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising (I) an organoaluminum compound, (II) an organophosphine compound, and (III) a metal salt of a beta-diketone, is effective to homopolymerize an alkene oxide, homopolymerize an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid or certain other vinyl monomers, or to copolymerize an alkene oxide with an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid or certain other vinyl monomers. Suitable vinyl monomers include vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, or vinyl ketones.

Abstract: Vinyl esters of tetracarboxylic acids having the following general formula:(RO .sub.2 C').sub.2 .dbd.X.dbd.(C"O.sub.2 R').sub.2wherein .dbd.X.dbd. is selected from tetravalent 5 or 6 membered or double 6 membered ring systems and wherein C' and C" carbons are attached to separate pairs of vicinal carbons and one of each R and R' is selected from terminally ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic or aryl aliphatic radicals and the other of each R and R' is selected from --H and --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 O.sub.2 CCR".dbd.CH.sub.2,--CH[CH.sub.2 (OH)]CH.sub.2 O.sub.2 CCR".dbd.CH.sub.2 wherein R" is --H or --CH.sub.3, are useful in the preparations of high molecular weight polymers and copolymers which are improved in temperature stability and strength at high temperatures.

Abstract: Superior artificial teeth, dentures, other dental replacement parts and dental prosthetic articles and devices, which exhibit high abrasion resistance, stability to moisture and which do not undergo volume changes, are obtained by polymerization of a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R is H or -CH.sub.3, X is an alkylidene or the -SO.sub.2 -group, Y is an oxyalkylene group having between 2 and 5 carbon atoms, or an alkylidene group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms. In some instances, the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a filler.

Abstract: An improved process for chlorinating substantially linear, liquid C.sub.8 to C.sub.30 hydrocarbons by intimately mixing the hydrocarbons and water in a weight ratio of 0.09:1 to 10:1, feeding the mixture of hydrocarbon and water to a reactor, adding 2 to 20 moles of chlorine per mole of hydrocarbon to the mixture in countercurrent flow to the mixture at a rate of 20 to 600 grams per hour per kilogram of hydrocarbon at 50.degree. to 150.degree. C for .5 to 10 hours and recovering chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An unsaturated alicyclic carbinol or dicarbinol, e.g., 4-cyclohexene methanol or 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dimethanol, is obtained by subjecting a diolefin oxidation product, i.e., a polymeric peroxide, e.g., 1,3-butadiene polyperoxide, to Oxo reaction conditions, including an elevated temperature of the order of about 100.degree. to about 200.degree. C and carbon monoxide and hydrogen under elevated pressure in presence of a metal carbonyl catalyst, subjecting reaction mixture thus obtained to known hydrogenation or reducing conditions to convert carbonylic groups to hydroxyl groups employing a catalyst and hydrogen or a reducing agent, e.g., LiAlH.sub.4, the conditions being selective to preserve the unsaturated linkage desired in the product.

Abstract: Bis-amidoalkanesulfonic acids and their salts find use in applications where amides and sulfonic compounds are useful. Bis-acrylamides and the like are polymerizable monomers whose polymers are useful as gelling agents for aqueous systems, as well as for the preparation of fibers, plastics, resins, etc.

Abstract: Allyl halides are polymerized by a catalyst, silicic or silicoformic acids, to produce poly(allyl halide) polymer and poly(allyl alcohol) polymer.

Abstract: Dispersions suitable for the manufacture of moulding compositions which can be cured with low shrinkage to give mouldings with excellent surfaces can be obtained by the addition of finely divided ethylene copolymers manufactured in aqueous emulsion to unsaturated polyester resins.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated material susceptible to free radical polymerization, e.g., vinyl chloride monomer, is polymerized, e.g., in an aqueous medium, with an initiator system comprising, in combination, dialkyl pyrocarbonate, hydrogen peroxide, and alkaline reagent, e.g., sodium bicarbonate. The initiator system is added to the polymerization medium in amounts sufficient to polymerize the ethylenically unsaturated material.

Abstract: An improved process for the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride homopolymers is accomplished by the addition of small amount of chain extending agent to the polymerization formula allowing the polymerization to be run at a higher temperature thus making better use of the reactor's heat removal capability. More efficient use of initiator is also accomplished while producing polyvinyl chloride having the desired molecular weight dependent physical properties. The process also allows a faster rate of polymerization.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method whereby a vinyl compound such as an .alpha., .beta.-carbonyl compound, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile is polymerized in a non-protonic organic medium in the presence of an alkali metal alcoholate as the polymerization catalyst. High polymers having different stereospecific structures contained at a desired ratio as well as low polymers having regulated stereochemical structures are manufactured from vinyl compounds such as above mentioned by selecting reaction conditions such as the kind of organic medium to be used and the amount of the catalyst in use based on that of the charged vinyl compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are epoxy-azido compounds of the formula ##EQU1## WHERE R is a polyvalent organic radical, R' is a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl radical, A is ##EQU2## and n and m are integers from 1 to 100. Also disclosed is the use of said epoxy-azido compounds in modifying polymers, cross-linking polymers, and adhering polymers to certain substrates, e.g. glass and other polymers.

Abstract: Alpha-methyl-p-bromo-styrene prepared by the manipulative steps of brominating poly(.alpha.-methyl-styrene) and subsequently depolymerizing the brominated polymer. The alpha-methyl-p-bromo-styrene has particular utility as a co-monomer for preparing copolymers exhibiting a flame retardancy.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing acrylonitrile monomer or copolymerizing a mixture of acrylonitrile monomer and further ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith, which comprises contacting the monomer or mixture of monomers in an aqueous medium at a temperature not exceeding 55.degree.C with a catalytic system comprising a watersoluble persulphate, a hydroxylamine mono- or disulfonate and a water-soluble salt of a variable valence metal, such as a ferrous salt.

Abstract: A process for preparing a thermoplastic resin containing polar groups and unsaturated bonds which comprises reacting (A) five-membered cyclic compounds containing unsaturated conjugate double bonds, (B) unsaturated carboxylic acids or the anhydrides thereof and (C) monohydric saturated or unsaturated alcohols in a specified molar ratio.

Abstract: The disclosure teaches the gelling and thickening of matrix forming resin systems by ion-dipole bonds. Suitable ions are introduced into the resin matrix as alkaline oxides or hydroxides. Thermoplastic polymers containing polar groups are used as additives for the thermosetting resins to offset shrink of the thermosetting resins during their crosslinking and curing in the molding operation. In the molded thermoset state of the resin materials, the polar groups provide sites for the improved bonding of paints, as for example, gel coats. The invention has particular advantages in polyester thermosetting resin systems and in the thermoplastic additives that are used therewith. Polar monomers copolymerized with styrene are the preferred thermoplastic additives.

Abstract: Polymer or copolymer of vinyl chloride having superior properties can be produced by suspension-polymerizing vinyl chloride or a mixture thereof with another vinyl monomer, at first, in the presence of an oil-soluble radical initiator, and thereafter, when the percentage of polymerization of the resulting polymer has reached about 15% to about 80%, subjecting the polymer to a further polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble radical initiator.The product thus obtained has both the merits resulting from suspension polymerization and emulsion one. It has an extremely high absorptivity of plasticizer, easy processability, and film made therefrom has substantially no fish eye.