Abstract: A method for treating glycogen storage disease by administering an effective amount of a composition that includes ketogenic odd carbon fatty acids that ameliorate the symptoms of these diseases.

Abstract: Methods, processes, apparatus, equipment and systems are disclosed for converting carboxylic acids into esters by esterification with alcohol and a dual catalyst. The method combines a homogenous and heterogeneous catalyst in one or more reactors to increase the conversion of carboxylic acids compared to using a homogenous and/or heterogeneous catalyst independently. The invention converts free fatty acids into esters by esterification with alcohol and a dual catalyst such that the reaction mixture contains sufficiently low free fatty acids and the amount of free fatty acids in the product stream leaving the process remains stable over time.

Abstract: Analgesic compounds for treatment of pain or fever, comprising a bicyclopentane moiety linked to an amine, combinations of the compounds with opioid analgesic drugs, and methods for treating pain or fever by administering the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel dispersants based on reaction products of two and one moles respectively of the branched ester alcohol or alkokylated ester alcohol with maleic anhydride that has been subjected to a further sulfonation reaction. The compounds are useful as dispersing and wetting agents. The invention further relates to the use of the dispersants of the invention to produce stable aqueous dispersions of high performance thermoplastic polymers.

Abstract: A method for cleaning, benefiting, or deodorizing skin or hair utilizing a body wash, skin cleaner, soap, shampoo or deodorizer formulation containing a controlled release skin benefit or deodorizing salt, a hydrophilic moisturizing polymer and surfactants is described. The method imparts benefits or deodorizing agents to the skin or hair and maintains effective levels for an extended period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an association of active ingredients. More specifically: to an association of cyclobenzaprine and aceclofenac. Additionally, the present invention is also related to the use of aceclofenac and cyclobenzaprine, in association for the preparation of a medicine useful in the treatment of painful muscular diseases, as well as to a method of treatment of painful muscular diseases using an association of aceclofenac and cyclobenzaprine.

Abstract: Methods of preparing carbamate prodrugs of amine-containing drugs are provided. Carbonates useful in the synthesis of the carbamate prodrugs are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an application of organic framework porous solid acid.

Abstract: A method for increasing ozone concentration in a liquid can include: providing a gas having ozone; introducing the ozone-containing gas into a liquid, wherein the liquid and ozone combination has a temperature between about 0.8 and about 1.5 times the critical temperature of ozone; and increasing isothermally, the pressure of the ozone-containing gas above the liquid to about 0.3 to about 5 times the critical pressure of ozone so as to increase the ozone concentration in the liquid. The temperature is expressed in absolute units (Kelvin or Rankin). The method can be used for removing ozone from a gas or for purifying ozone. The liquid having a high ozone concentration can be used for ozonolysis of a substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a compound having a difluoromethylene group at an even lower cost and with excellent yield. The production method of the present invention is a method for producing an aromatic difluoroacetic acid ester, which comprises reacting an iodobenzene containing an electro attracting group and an ?-silyl difluoroacetic acid ester in the presence of a metal halide.

Abstract: A resist composition including a base component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid and an acid-generator component (B) which generates acid upon exposure, the base component (A) containing a polymeric compound (A1) having a structural unit (a5) represented by general formula (a5-0) shown below (R1 represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom; R2 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group; and Y represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a polycyclic group, provided that the aromatic hydrocarbon group or the aliphatic hydrocarbon may have a carbon atom or a hydrogen atom thereof substituted with a substituent.

Abstract: Store operated calcium channel modulating compounds, and methods for using the same, are provided. These compounds and methods find use in a variety of applications in which modulation of store operated calcium channels is desired.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the alkoxycarbonylation of carboxylic acid functionalized alkenes or esters thereof, said process comprising: (a) reacting (i) a carboxylic acid functionalized alkene or ester thereof; (ii) a catalyst system comprising a source of Pd and a ligand, (iii) a source of anions derived from an acid with a pKa<3, (iv) carbon monoxide, and (v) a hydroxylgroup comprising compound, under conditions wherein an ester carbonylation product is produced, whereby the process is carried out in the initial presence of an ester carbonylation product. The presence of the ester carbonylation product results in stabilization of the catalyst system and prevents the formation of Pd black.

Abstract: The present technology provides a carbon fiber reinforced plastic that includes carbon fibers covalently bonded to an energetic polymer and a polymer matrix. Also described is a method for recycling carbon fibers from the carbon fiber reinforced plastic material using microwave energy to separate the carbon fibers from the polymer matrix.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of (R)-2-(3-diisopropylamino-1-phenylpropyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-phenol isobutyrate (Fesoterodine) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having low content in impurities.

Abstract: The use of ethyl gallate methyl gallate or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate for treatment of septic shock Said compounds may also prophylactically treat septic shock via administration to a subject before the development of a fall in blood pressure.

Abstract: A positive resist composition including a base component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in an alkali developing solution under the action of acid and an acid-generator component (B) which generates acid upon exposure, wherein the acid-generator component (B) includes an acid generator (B1) containing a compound represented by general formula (b1-1) shown below (wherein Z+ represents an organic cation).

Abstract: A leaving substituent-containing compound including a partial structure represented by the following General Formula (I): where a pair of X1 and X2 or a pair of Y1 and Y2 each represent a hydrogen atom; the other pair each represent a group selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a substituted or unsubstituted acyloxy group having one or more carbon atoms; a pair of the acyloxy groups represented by the pair of X1 and X2 or the pair of Y1 and Y2 may be identical or different, or may be bonded together to form a ring; R1 to R4 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; and Q1 and Q2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and may be bonded together to form a ring.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes to prepare monocarboxylic acid esters (mono- and/or diesters) of polytrimethylene ether glycol that are substantially free of residues from the catalyst used to produce the polytrimethylene ether glycol esters, as well as methods for their preparation and end uses thereof. The esters, such as the bis-2-ethylhexanoate esters, have uses as functional fluids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemically functionalized submicron graphitic fibril having a diameter or thickness less than 1 ?m, wherein the fibril is free of continuous thermal carbon overcoat, free of continuous hollow core, and free of catalyst. The fibril is obtained by splitting a micron-scaled carbon fiber or graphite fiber along the fiber axis direction. These functionalized graphitic fibrils exhibit exceptionally high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high elastic modulus, high strength and good interfacial bonding with a matrix resin in a composite. The present invention also provides several products that contain submicron graphitic fibrils: (a) paper, thin-film, mat, and web products; (b) rubber or tire products; (c) energy conversion or storage devices, such as fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors; (d) adhesives, inks, coatings, paints, lubricants, and grease products; (e) heavy metal ion scavenger; (f) absorbent (e.g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing mono-carboxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and esters and salts thereof, characterized in that a) a phosphinic acid source (I) is reacted with olefins (IV) to yield an alkylphosphonic acid, salt or ester (H) thereof in the presence of a catalyst A, b) the thus obtained alkylphosphonic acid, salt or ester (II) thereof is reacted with compounds of formula (V) to yield mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivatives (VI) in the presence of a catalyst B, and c) the thus obtained mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivatives (VI) are reacted to yield a mono-carboxyfunctionalized diakylphosphinic acid derivative (III) in the presence of a catalyst C, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 are the same or different and stand independently of each other, among other things, for H, C1-C18 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C6-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 alkylaryl and X and Y are the same or different and stand independently of each for H, C1-C18 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C6-C18 a

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production and the use of 1:1 adducts having a low monomer content from hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylates and diisocyanates.

Abstract: Suggested are biocide compositions, comprising (a) esters based on ketocarboxylic acids, (b) biocides, and optionally (c) oil components or co-solvents and/or (d) emulsifiers. The compositions exhibit an improved stability even if stored at temperatures between 5° and 40° C. over a longer period.

Abstract: This invention discloses and claims a series of polycyclic monomers and polymers useful in the production of optical waveguides. The polymers of the invention comprise one or more repeating units represented by the formula (IV): Wherein m, X, R1 and R2 are as defined herein. The films formed from the polymers of this invention exhibit significant changes in refractive index (greater than or equal to 0.5%) after exposure to suitable actinic or thermal energy thereby having superior optical transmission performance, which is of importance for modern optical applications such as wave guiding and optical data storage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyether ester polyols starting from fatty acid esters and starter compounds having Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms, and to their use in the production of solid or foamed polyurethane materials.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a drug substance consisting essentially of a pharmaceutically acceptable organic acid addition salt of an amine containing pharmaceutically active compound wherein the amine containing pharmaceutical active compound is selected from the group consisting of racemic or single isomer ritalinic acid or phenethylamine derivatives and the drug substance has a physical form selected from amorphous and polymorphic.

Abstract: Provided is a gem-dinitro ester compound, represented by Formula 1 below: wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain or side-chain alkyl group of C2˜C12.

Abstract: Cleansing compositions include a mixture of alkyl ether carboxylic acids and/or salts thereof, each having a structure according to formula (1): R1—O—(CH2CH2O)n—CH2—COOM??(1) where R1 is an alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, n is a number of from 0 to 20, and M is a hydrogen atom, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or organic ammonium. The mixture includes alkyl ether carboxylic acids and/or salts having at least two different alkyl groups R1, an average carbon number of alkyl groups R1 of alkyl ether carboxylic acids and/or salts in the mixture is from 10.8 to 12.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of converting glycerol into organic reaction products. The method may include mixing glycerol with a monohydric alcohol. The mixture of glycerol and monohydric alcohol is then reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst, wherein the monohydric alcohol is present at subcritical/supercritical temperatures and pressures. This converts the glycerol into one or more reaction products, wherein the reaction products include an oxygenated organic reaction product. Ninety percent or greater of the glycerol is converted.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to less complex oxygenated compounds for use in downstream processes to produce biofuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to water-soluble materials, including lignocellulosic derivatives, cellulosic derivatives, hemicellulosic derivatives, carbohydrates, starches, polysaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, sugars, sugar alcohols, alditols, polyols, diols, alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, using hydrogen and a heterogeneous liquefaction catalyst.

Abstract: The current invention is drawn to a series of citrate esters having high melting domains and liquid domains at room temperature. This that results in an ability to alter hardness, melt point and skin feel, making outstanding waterproofing and emollient properties when applied to skin.

Abstract: A process for selective formation of ethanol and/or ethyl acetate from acetic acid by hydrogenating acetic acid in the presence of a Pt/Sn catalyst or a Re/Pd catalyst. The catalyst may further comprise a support modifier to improve selectivity for the desired product.

Abstract: A pentaerythritol tetraester which is a mixed ester of pentaerythritol and carboxylic acids is provided, wherein the carboxylic acids comprise isobutyric acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid and the molar ratio of isobutyric acid to 2-ethylhexanoic acid in the carboxylic acids is 36/64 to 83/17. The pentaerythritol tetraester may be used in a refrigerant oil or the like which exhibits excellent miscibility with a difluoromethane refrigerant among other properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of Fesoterodine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The present invention particularly relates to a process for the preparation of fesoterodine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which involves use and preparation of R(+)benzyl tolterodine and fumarate salt of R(+)-[4-benzyloxy-3-(3-diisopropylamino-1-phenylpropyl)-phenyl]-methanol.

Abstract: Disclosed is an energetic reactive plasticizer for a plastic bonded explosive (PBX), and specifically an energetic reactive plasticizer for PBX which has high performance and insensitiveness without a plasticizer migration by being bonded with a polymer binder for a plastic bonded explosive.

Abstract: A cooling sensation agent composition with a prolonged cool sensation effect is provided comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of aceia or ketal derivatives of 3-(1-menthoxy)propan-1,2-diol represented by Formula (1), single or mixed carbonic esters ol one or two kinds ol alcohols represented by Formula (2), and carboxylic esters represented by Formula (4). A sensory stimulation agoni composition, a flavor or fragrance composition, a beverage or food product, a perfume or cosmetic product, a toiletry product, a daily utensil product or grocery, a fiber, a fiber product, a cloth or a medicine comprising the cooling sensation agent composition; a production method thereof; a cooling processing method of a fiber, fiber product or a cloth, comprising compounding the cooling sensation agent; and new compounds are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the production of methyl acetate by reacting dimethyl ether with carbon monoxide into a carbonylation reactor containing a mordenite catalyst in the presence of added methyl acetate and/or acetic acid.

Abstract: Surface-modified zirconia nanoparticles include zirconia nanoparticles and surface-modifying ligands attached to the zirconia nanoparticles. The ligand includes a hydroxamate functionality, and either a reactive group or an oligomeric group. Reactive groups include chain transfer groups or photoinitiator groups. Oligomeric groups include poly(meth)acrylate or poly(meth)acrylamide groups. Articles can be prepared that include the surface-modified zirconia nanoparticles in an organic matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of N-protected ?-aminoaldehydes by deacetalization of the acetal functional group of corresponding N-protected ?-aminoacetals using formic acid.

Abstract: By using an organic base when a carboxylic acid bromodifluoroethyl ester is sulfinated by using a sulfinating agent, there is obtained 2-(alkylcarbonyloxy)-1,1-difluoroethanesulfinic acid ammonium salt. By oxidizing the 2-(alkylcarbonyloxy)-1,1-difluoroethanesulfinic acid ammonium salt, there is obtained 2-(alkylcarbonyloxy)-1,1-difluoroethanesulfonic acid ammonium salt. By using the 2-(alkylcarbonyloxy)-1,1-difluoroethanesulfonic acid ammonium salt as a raw material and exchanging it into an onium salt directly or through saponification/esterification, there can be obtained a 2-alkylcarbonyloxy-1,1-difluoroethanesulfonic acid onium salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general terms to a process for preparing alkyl methacrylates, comprising as steps: providing an acetone cyanohydrin by a process according to one of the preceding claims; contacting the acetone cyanohydrin with an inorganic acid to obtain a methacrylamide; contacting the methacrylamide with an alcohol in the presence of an inorganic acid in a reactor to obtain an alkyl methacrylate; continuously discharging at least a portion of the alkyl methacrylate from the reactor into a distillation column as a vapor stream; the discharge being effected by feeding a discharge stream comprising steam into the reactor, to an apparatus for preparing alkyl methacrylates, to a process for preparing polymers based at least partly on alkyl methacrylates, to the use of the alkyl methacrylates obtainable by the process according to the invention in chemical products, and to chemical products based on alkyl methacrylates obtainable by the process according to the invention.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating conditions associated with a chemosensory receptor, including diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions by administering a composition comprising a chemosensory receptor ligand. Also provided herein are chemosensory receptor ligand compositions and methods for the preparation thereof for use in the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates to methods of synthesizing acryloyl compounds, comprising the step of hydrosilylating a compound having the structure: with a compound having the structure A-H, wherein A comprises a siloxanyl group, to yield a compound having the structure: Compounds and compositions produced thereby can effectively attain a satisfactory balance between high oxygen permeability and hydrophilicity while achieving an acceptably low concentration of undesirable impurities. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium catalysts and related borohydride complexes, and the use of such catalysts, inter alia, for (1) hydrogenation of amides (including polyamides) to alcohols and amines; (2) preparing amides from alcohols with amines (including the preparation of polyamides (e.g., polypeptides) by reacting dialcohols and diamines and/or by polymerization of amino alcohols); (3) hydrogenation of esters to alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones) or polyesters); (4) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols and hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (5) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters; (6) hydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (7) amidation of esters (i.e.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams are prepared from polyester polyols obtained by reaction of diols with a mixture of diacids derived from a mixture of dinitrile compounds obtained as by-products in the manufacture of adiponitrile by hydrocyanation of butadiene.

Abstract: This present invention relates to an organosolv process for the extraction of materials from lignocellulosic biomass. This invention further relates to the chemicals and their derivatives extracted from biomass, uses, apparatus, methods, and the like. In an embodiment of the invention the material extracted from the lignocellulosic biomass is levulinic acid.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of vinyl ester by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with acetylene with a homogeneous catalyst is disclosed and claimed. In one aspect, esters of neoacids are provided.

Abstract: This invention concerns product and process to convert a hydroxyl group (bold in R3C—OH) in a tigliane-type compound to a hydrogen (bold in R3C—H) to obtain deoxytigliane-type compounds or structural or functional analogs thereof. The process has wide application particularly to produce specific biologically active compounds in quantity for use as pharmaceuticals. In particular the process can be used to convert phorbol to a 12-deoxytigliane (prostratin), which is a therapeutic lead for the treatment of AIDS. New compositions of matter are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues from lignin sources, including waste lignin. This method may allow for selectively producing biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues from lignin sources using certain processing methods. The methods for production of these biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues may be provided by chemical-induced processing, catalytic oxidative lignin depolymerisation processing, and catalytic hydroprocessing. Further, the catalytic hydroprocessing from processes including catalytic reduction processing, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation processing, and/or catalytic/dehydrogenation processing may also be used. The method described herein also provides a means in which waste from the process(es) may be reduced and/or recycled.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.