Abstract: A flexible thermal control composite comprising a natural or synthetic polymer and an endotherm dispersed, distributed and suspended within said natural or synthetic polymer i.e. “P”olymer “C”ontaining an “E”ndothermic “A”gent (PCEA). The PCEA can be formed into thin and thick films. It can be drawn, molded, extruded and spun into fibers or all dimensions. It can be formed and chopped into PCEA mulch. Irrespective its final form, the PCEA can be used in insulating, thermoprotecting, heat absorbing applications on the one hand, and heat maintenance applications of all types on the other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a decolorized red phosphorus composition capable of inhibiting coloring in dark red peculiar to red phosphorus even when kneaded with a resin or the like, modified red phosphorus used for the decolorized red phosphorus composition and a production method therefor, and a flame-retardant polymer composition using the decolorized red phosphorus composition. The modified red phosphorus includes red phosphorus particles (A) whose surfaces are coated with a modified resin film (F) containing white particles (B) having a whiteness of 70 or more, color particles (C) having a hue H of 30 to 80 in the Munsell color-system hue circle, and a binder resin (D). The decolorized red phosphorus composition includes a mixed powder containing the modified red phosphorus and white particles (B) having a whiteness of 70 or more. The flame-retardant polymer composition contains the decolorized red phosphorus composition and a polymer compound (I).

Abstract: A synthetic route for producing nanostructure metal-oxide-based materials using sol-gel processing. This procedure employs the use of stable and inexpensive hydrated-metal inorganic salts and environmentally friendly solvents such as water and ethanol. The synthesis involves the dissolution of the metal salt in a solvent followed by the addition of a proton scavenger, which induces gel formation in a timely manner. Both critical point (supercritical extraction) and atmospheric (low temperature evaporation) drying may be employed to produce monolithic aerogels and xerogels, respectively. Using this method synthesis of metal-oxide nanostructured materials have been carried out using inorganic salts, such as of Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, Hf4+, Sn4+, Zr4+, Nb5+, W6+, Pr3+, Er3+, Nd3+, Ce3+, U3+ and Y3+.

Abstract: An adsorbent form consisting of a pressed blend of powdered adsorbent and powdered resin. A method of fabricating a pressed adsorbent form consisting of the steps of forming a blend of powdered adsorbent and powdered resin, and compressing said blend to form a self-sustaining form.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparation for polymers, particularly binders for powder coatings and powder coatings which are prepared as a solution in a supercritical fluid phase. Binders for powder coatings are prepared from at least two ethylenically unsaturated monomers capable of free-radical or ionic copolymerization, and conventional initiators and regulators in supercritical fluids, whereby polymerization is carried out in the homogeneous phase, and, after the reaction has ended, either the composition or the phase parameters of the mixture are altered so that at least two phases with supercritical fluid are obtained, and the phase containing predominantly polymer is separated and the polymer is separated as a powder from the sc fluid by depressurization or the polymer phase is further processed under supercritical phase conditions to the powder coating.

Abstract: Flame retardant polyolefin pre-expanded particles made of a resin composition comprising a polyolefin resin and a sterically hindered amine ether flame retardant, which can be molded with good moldability to give in-mold foamed articles which have an excellent flame resistance and do not generate harmful gas at the time of burning.

Abstract: A synthetic method for preparation of hybrid inorganic/organic energetic nanocomposites is disclosed herein. The method employs the use of stable metal in organic salts and organic solvents as well as an organic polymer with good solubility in the solvent system to produce novel nanocomposite energetic materials. In addition, fuel metal powders (particularly those that are oxophilic) can be incorporated into composition. This material has been characterized by thermal methods, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), N2 adsoprtion/desorption methods, and Fourier-Transform (FT-IR) spectroscopy. According to these characterization methods the organic polymer phase fills the nanopores of the material, providing superb mixing of the component phases in the energetic nanocomposite.

Abstract: A rubber composition for a tire sidewall which can prevent color change to brown and has sufficient ozone resistance and improved low heat build-up characteristics, and a pneumatic tire having a sidewall containing such a rubber composition. The rubber composition includes 5 to 150 parts by weight of carbon black having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of 70 to 300 m2/g and 5 to 100 parts by weight of calcium carbonate based on 100 parts by weight of a rubber component containing 20 to 70% by weight of a natural rubber and 30 to 80% by weight of a synthetic diene rubber.

Abstract: A method for forming a fluoropolymer comprises providing a reaction mixture comprising carbon dioxide, at least one fluoromonomer, and an initiator; and reacting the at least one fluoromonomer in the reaction mixture to form a fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer has a multimodal molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising four components (A, B. C, D), notably: a thermoplastic (A); a substantially non-cross-linked polyethylene (B); an at least partially vulcanized rubber (C); a softener (D); as well as standard blend ingredients (E). The above mixture contains between 5 and 20% by weight thermoplastic (A), in relation to the sum of the four components (A, B, C, D). The invention also relates to advantageous material parameters and process steps.

Abstract: A flexible thermal control composite comprising a natural or synthetic polymer and an endotherm dispersed, distributed and suspended within said natural or synthetic polymer i.e. “P”olymer “C”ontaining an “E”ndothermic “A”gent (PCEA). The PCEA can be formed into thin and thick films. It can be drawn, molded, extruded and spun into fibers or all dimensions. It can be formed and chopped into PCEA mulch. Irrespective its final form, the PCEA can be used in insulating, thermoprotecting, heat absorbing applications on the one hand, and heat maintenance applications of all types on the other.

Abstract: This invention discloses a resin which is particularly useful in making paraffinic solvent based paints, said resin being comprised of repeat units which are derived from (a) about 5 to about 60 weight percent tertiary-butyl cyclohexyl methacrylate, (b) 0 to about 40 weight percent vinyl aromatic monomers, (c) about 20 to about 80 weight percent alkyl methacrylate monomers, and (d) about 1 to about 30 weight percent alkyl acrylate monomers. These resins exhibit good hardness and excellent resistance to ultraviolet light. More importantly, coatings made with these resins are highly resistant to yellowing and discoloration on exposure to ultra-violet light over long periods of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a silica-filled, sulfur-vulcanizable rubber composition comprising an unsaturated rubber, 20 to 100 phr of a silica, 1.6 to 8 phr of a silica coupling agent, 0.05 to 5 phr of an antidegradant, 0.1 to 5 phr of a vulcanization accelerator, 0.1 to 10 phr of sulfur, and 0.5 to 5 phr of a quinone diimine, with the proviso that the antidegradant is not a quinone diimine. The invention also relates to a vulcanization process comprising mixing and heating said rubber composition and to rubber articles, such as pneumatic tires, comprising the rubber vulcanizate obtained by said process.

Abstract: An adhesive composition for bonding semiconductor chips to their chip mounting components comprising a curable polymer composition comprising from 1 to 900 weight-ppm spherical filler having an average particle size of from 10 to 100 &mgr;m and a major axis-to-minor axis ratio of from 1 to 1.5. Also, semiconductor devices in which a semiconductor chip therein is bonded to its chip mounting component by the aforesaid adhesive composition.

Abstract: An adhesive composition for bonding of semiconductor chips to their chip mounting components comprising a curable polymer composition that comprises a spherical filler having an average particle size from greater than 100 to 1,000 &mgr;m and an aspect ratio of 1 to 1.5. Semiconductor devices according to this invention are characterized in that a semiconductor chip therein is bonded to the mounting component for said chip by the aforementioned adhesive.

Abstract: A method for forming a fluoropolymer comprises providing a reaction mixture comprising carbon dioxide, at least one fluoromonomer, and an initiator; and reacting the at least one fluoromonomer in the reaction mixture to form a fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer has a multimodal molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: A synthetic method for preparation of hybrid inorganic/organic energetic nanocomposites is disclosed herein. The method employs the use of stable metal inorganic salts and organic solvents as well as an organic polymer with good solubility in the solvent system to produce novel nanocomposite energetic materials. In addition, fuel metal powders (particularly those that are oxophillic) can be incorporated into composition. This material has been characterized by thermal methods, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), N2 adsoprtion/desorption methods, and Fourier-Transform (FT-IR) spectroscopy. According to these characterization methods the organic polymer phase fills the nanopores of the composite material, providing superb mixing of the component phases in the energetic nanocomposite.

Abstract: A composite metal polybasic salt containing a trivalent metal and magnesium as metal components and having a novel crystal structure, and a method of preparing the same. The invention further deals with a composite metal polybasic salt which has anion-exchanging property, which by itself is useful as an anion-exchanger, capable of introducing anions suited for the use upon anion-exchange, and finds a wide range of applications, and a method of preparing the same. The composite metal polybasic salt has a particular chemical composition and X-ray diffraction peaks, and further has a degree of orientation (Io) of not smaller than 1.5.

Abstract: Synthetic roofing products such as simulated slate and clay tile shingles, and other products, such as flower pots, floor coverings, plastic pallets and the like are compression molded from a mixture of ultra low density polyethylene binder and a filler which may comprise recycled rubber products such as E.D.P.M (ethylene propylene diene monomer) and S.B.R. (styrene butadiene rubber). Colorants may be added to the mixture prior to final molding. Many of the products, especially synthetic shingles, are less expensive, easier to handle, and more durable than the slate or clay tile shingle product simulated.

Abstract: A humidity responsive control device consists of a package having at least one face that is a permeable to liquid and gases and water vapor and is formed by mixing together a) 5 to 50% by weight of a hygroscopic polyacrylate and/or PVA polymer, b) 10 to 60% of porous silica minerals such as vermiculite and perlite, c) 5 to 50% of an absorbent such as zeolite or activated carbon for small molecules such as ammonia and d) 5 to 60% by weight of an aqueous emulsion of a mixture of an active ingredient of one or more of a bacteriocidal, fungicidal or odor masking compounds. The device is effective at eliminating and masking odors under varying humidity conditions.

Abstract: A synthetic method for preparation of hybrid inorganic/organic energetic nanocomposites is disclosed herein. The method employs the use of stable metal inorganic salts and organic solvents as well as an organic polymer with good solubility in the solvent system to produce novel nanocomposite energetic materials. In addition, fuel metal powders (particularly those that are oxophillic) can be incorporated into composition. This material has been characterized by thermal methods, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), N2 adsoprtion/desorption methods, and Fourier-Transform (FT-IR) spectroscopy. According to these characterization methods the organic polymer phase fills the nanopores of the composite material, providing superb mixing of the component phases in the energetic nanocomposite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resin solution composition for paints or adhesives which comprises an acid-modified butene-1/&agr;-olefin copolymer obtained by modifying a butene-1/&agr;-olefin copolymer with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or an acid anhydride thereof. The butene-1/&agr;-olefin copolymer comprises, as polymerizable components, 65 to 85 mol % butene-1 component and 15 to 35 mol % &agr;-olefin component having 2 to 8 carbon atoms other than butene-1 component. The acid-modified butene-1/&agr;-olefin copolymer comprises the unsaturated carboxylic acid or the anhydride thereof in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight. In this resin solution composition, the acid-modified butene-1/&agr;-olefin copolymer is dissolved in an organic solvent, in a solid content of 10 to 30% by weight.

Abstract: An aqueous composition is provided containing a first polymer including at least one C12 to C40 alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid, as polymerized units; at least one wax, at least one pigment, and optionally, at least one second polymer, wherein the sum of the first polymer and the second polymer is at least 10 weight %, based on weight of the aqueous composition; wherein the weight ratio of the first polymer to the second polymer is at least 1:4; and wherein the first polymer and the second polymer have a combined glass transition temperature in the range of −5 to 20° C. As provided is a method of treating a wood surface with the aqueous composition. The aqueous composition provides wood with resistance to water wetting and penetration of water and is suitable as a semi-transparent stain for wood.

Abstract: The present invention are methods for and products having an elemental sulfur matrix. The matrix is formed by using an amount of shear force on molten elemental sulfur, where the molten sulfur is combined with a matrix forming material.

Abstract: Ethylene-based polymer blends having an MWD of at least about 2 are made in a single reactor using a mixed constrained geometry catalyst (CGC) system. The process comprises the steps of contacting under polymerization conditions and in a single reaction vessel (i) ethylene, (ii) at least one C3-C20 &agr;-olefin, (iii) optionally, at least one polyene, and (iv) a mixed CGC system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a dispersion of polymer particles in a dispersing medium. The polymer particles each contain an average of more than two living radicals that are not chemically protected. The present invention is also directed to a free radical precipitation process involving combining at least one monomer in at least one solvent; dispersing said monomer solvent mixture in a dispersing medium that is non-miscible with the first solvent, using a surfactant, stabilizer or mixture thereof; initiating polymerization with at least one free-radical generating agent and conversion, to produce polymer particles containing radicals trapped by precipitation by virtue of being above the lower critical solution temperature of the system; and removing the precipitating agent either during or after free-radical generation to form a dispersion polymer in the dispersing medium having living, trapped radicals.

Abstract: This thermoplastic composition and process for making articles of the same includes a thermoplastic matrix that includes a resin and filler materials wherein the filler materials includes a combination of fibers, at least one lubricant, and thermally conductive material, for improving tribological performance of thermoplastic materials. In the alternative, a thermally conductive lubricant may be substituted for the combination of the lubricant and the thermally conductive material.

Abstract: This invention involves a series of articles, dispersions, compositions, methods, and kits. Several aspects of the invention involve dispersed particles made from polymers having a delocalized &pgr;-orbital backbone structure, as well as methods for making and using such particles. The delocalized &pgr;-orbital backbone allows the polymer to have a high degree of luminosity, useful in many embodiments of the invention. The polymers of this invention can also have bulky substituents to prevent intermolecular &pgr;-&pgr; interactions that can decrease luminosity. The polymer may also have charged side chains immobilized relative to the backbone, which can allow the polymer to be made into stably suspended micro- or nanoparticles dispersed in solution, sometimes with very narrow size distributions. In some embodiments, depending on the conditions used to synthesize and prepare the particles, the particles each consist of a single polymer molecule.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for the formation of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes by prescribed in-line compounding and extrusion of a polymeric binder and heat sensitive ion-exchange resin. The ion-exchange resin is incorporated, at a late process stage, into the melted matrix polymer at relatively low temperature and residence time prior to transfer to a die head for extrusion. In the presently preferred embodiment, the in-line compounding apparatus comprises a twin-screw compounding extruder, for effecting late stage kneading and mixing of ion-exchange resin and optional additives to the polymer melt, prior to compression to transfer the blended polymer melt to a die head for extrusion. Accordingly, the final properties of the resultant heterogeneous ion-exchange membrane are enhanced as the blended polymer melt material is not exposed to excessive heat and shear history.

Abstract: A substance capable of devitalizing hazardous biological agents and deactivating hazardous chemical agents comprising an activated anion exchange resin having a particle size substantially in the range of about 0.1-300 microns, which resin particles have been iodinated by exposure to a sufficient amount of an iodine-substance absorbable by the anion exchange resin such that the resin particles absorb the iodine-substance so as to convert the resin particles into activated resin particles. The iodine-substance may be selected from the group consisting of I2 (i.e., diatomic iodine), and polyiodide ions having a valence of −1. The activated resin particles may be placed into contact with the biological or chemical agent as a dry aerosol, by dust coating, or by admixing the particles with a carrier to form a coating.

Abstract: A ceramic-based hardwood floor finishing method resistant to panelization, exhibiting improved durability, and suitable for on-site use. The method is comprised of laying down successive layers of water-based primer, armor coat and top coat. The water-based primer utilizes a low resin content and a low co-solvent concentration to substantially reduce panelization of hardwood boards. The water-based armor coat is comprised of large particulate size ceramic additives which, in combination with a low resin content, allow the formation of a microscopic bead structure on the surface of the finish which provides enhanced durability.

Abstract: A composition for coloring concrete and methods for making the composition is provided, which includes a hydrophobic efflorescence control agent selected from the group consisting of calcium stearates, zinc stearates, sodium stearates, butyl stearate, stearic acid derivatives, stearic acid salts, and a mixture thereof, a particulated polymer selected from the group consisting of styrene-based polymers and copolymers, acrylic-based polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl acetates, polyepoxides, polyurethanes, butadiene rubbers, and a mixture thereof; and a colorant, wherein the composition improves the durability of the concrete while enhancing the durability and retention of said colorant.

Abstract: The invention comprises a composition comprising a combination of carbon black and at least one surface treating agent selected from the group consisting of quinone compounds, quinoneimine compounds and quinonediimine compounds, as well as methods of obtaining the composition and the use of the composition in dispersing carbon black in a natural or synthetic polymer. The composition achieves increased dispersibility and improved mixing characteristics of the carbon black and improved processability of the carbon black containing polymer.

Abstract: A composition comprising a high temperature partially aromatic polyamide, an impact modifier, a secondary aryl amine, and a copper stabilizer.

Abstract: Hyperbranched compounds having a tetrafunctional central group of the general formula I C[—Aq—X—]m[—Ar—X—]n[—As—X—]o[—At—X—]p  (I), in which the indices and variables have the following meanings: m+n+o+p=4; where m=an integer from 1 to 3 and n, o and p=0 or an integer from 1 to 3; q,r,s and t=an integer from 1 to 5, where q>r, s and t; X=—O—, —S— or —NH—; A=—CR2—; where R=—H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —NO2, C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 haloalkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy radical or,  if q, r, s and/or t=at least 2, a C2-C4 alkanediyl and/or C2-C4 oxaalkanediyl radical which bridges 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and/or an oxygen atom —O—, which bridges 3 to 5 carbon atoms, of the radical —A—.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for the formation of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes by prescribed in-line compounding and extrusion of a polymeric binder and heat sensitive ion-exchange resin. The ion-exchange resin is incorporated, at a late process stage, into the melted matrix polymer at relatively low temperature and residence time prior to transfer to a die head for extrusion. In the presently preferred embodiment, the in-line compounding apparatus comprises a twin-screw compounding extruder, for effecting late stage kneading and mixing of ion-exchange resin and optional additives to the polymer melt, prior to compression to transfer the blended polymer melt to a die head for extrusion. Accordingly, the final properties of the resultant heterogeneous ion-exchange membrane are enhanced as the blended polymer melt material is not exposed to excessive heat and shear history.

Abstract: A composition comprising at least one liquid fatty phase structured by at least one semi-crystalline polymer having a low melting point and an organic structure, wherein said polymer is solid at ambient temperature, has a melting temperature of less than 50° C., and comprises a) a polymer backbone and b) at least one crystallizable organic side chain and/or one crystallizable organic block that forms part of the polymer backbone of said polymer, wherein said polymer has a number-average molecular mass of greater than 2 000, and wherein the liquid fatty phase and the polymer form a physiologically acceptable medium. This composition is provided in the form of a stick, for example, which deposits, on keratinous substances such as the lips, a glossy, nonsticky and covering film.

Abstract: A coating that inhibits stain formation in floor covering. The coating includes a copper amine complex, preferably a copper morpholine complex, and is advantageously applied to an underlayment upon which a floor covering is adhered. Coated panels and floor assemblies that include the coating are also described.

Abstract: A UV-curable acrylate base adhesive composition for digital versatile discs and other substrates, a method for bonding verstile digital disc layers together with a UV-curable adhesive, and a digital versatile disc bonded by a UV-curable or a radiation curable adhesive. The adhesive comprises acrylate functional components, non-acrylate reactive diluents (e.g. having acrylamide, or N-vinyl functionality) and thiol compounds.

Abstract: A composite adhesive featuring a matrix phase that includes a cyanate ester and a filler or reinforcement phase that includes a plurality of bodies of at least one material comprising a high shear strength and/or high modulus material. Preferably, the filler also possesses at least one of high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Unlike certain commercially available cyanate esters, those of the instant invention substantially maintain or even increase in strength upon addition of the filler to the system. The instant composite adhesives may also display reduced coefficients of moisture expansion relative to the unfilled or “neat” resin. Such a composite adhesive is extremely useful for joining articles where high strength and minimal swelling in moist environments are required, such as in the precision equipment industry.

Abstract: To provide a resin composition as a non-halogenated flame retardant resin composition, having a high degree of flame retardant property, equipped with good electric characteristics by suppressing the generation of phosphoric acid, and improved in working environment and safety by using a flame retardant resin composition comprising (A) a thermoplastic aromatic polyester of 100 parts weight, (B) a coated red phosphorus powder consisting of an essentially spherical red phosphorus having a cured resin coating, directly obtained from a conversion treatment method of yellow phosphorus, not requiring a pulverization and without having crushed surfaces of 1 to 15 parts weight and (C) an aromatic polycarbonate of 5 to 150 parts weight.

Abstract: The problems of applying ink jet inks to various known coating surfaces so as to overcome smearing, poor resolution and attack by water etc., is overcome by the use of the new ink jet receptive media. The media comprises in combination: (1) a waterproof ink jet receptive coating, (2) a primer coating, (3) a non-porous substrate, (4) a pressure sensitive adhesive coating, (5) a silicone coating and (6) a backer layer. The receptive coating comprises the combination of: (1) binder, (2) charge control agent, (3) cross-linking agent, (4) adhesion enhancing agent and (5) dispersant. The absorption of the ink jet ink to the substrate is maximized, thus attracting and fixing the ink and providing a waterproofing effect.

Abstract: Acrylic polymer fine particles which comprise primary particles P of 250 nm or more in average particle diameter having a core shell structure and plastisols prepared using the same. In the fine particles, a core polymer C and a shell polymer S are copolymers of the following monomer mixtures Mc and Ms, respectively, and the weight ratio of Mc and Ms is 10/90-90/10: Mc: methyl methacrylate 20-85 mol % (meth)acrylic ester of C2-C8 aliphatic alcohol and/or aromatic alcohol 15-80 mol % other copolymerizable monomers not more than 30 mol %; when the total amount of these monomers is 100 mol %; Ms: methyl methacrylate 20-79.5 mol % (meth)acrylic ester of C2-C8 aliphatic alcohol and/or aromatic alcohol 5-40 mol % a monomer containing carboxyl group or sulfonic acid group 0.5-10 mol % other copolymerizable monomers not more than 30 mol %.

Abstract: An adhesive composition for bonding of semiconductor chips to their chip mounting component comprising a curable polymer composition that comprises a spherical filler having an average particle size from greater than 100 to 1,000 &mgr;m and an aspect ratio of 1 to 1.5. Semiconductor devices according to this invention are characterized in that a semiconductor chip therein is bonded to the mounting component for said chip by the aforementioned adhesive.

Abstract: An aqueous adhesive composition with good release properties comprising a water based adhesive and a metal activated dicarboxylic acid anhydride starch derivative as release agent. This adhesive composition is useful in forming coreless paper rolls.

Abstract: Two-phase gel compositions are provided. The two-phase gel compositions are obtained by mixing a gelled ester composition comprising a mixture of an ester compound and a polymer compound selected from the group consisting of triblock copolymers, star polymers, radial polymers, multi-block copolymers, and a combination thereof and a hydrophobic, non polar solvent. The gelled ester composition has a viscosity &eegr;1 and the solvent has a viscosity &eegr;2. The two-phase gel composition is substantially free of phosphate compounds and has a viscosity &eegr; which is greater than or equal to &eegr;1 and which is greater than or equal to &eegr;2. The two-phase gel compositions are also obtained by mixing a gelled ether composition, a gelled alcohol composition, a gelled naturally-occurring fat and oil composition or a combination thereof with a hydrophobic, non polar solvent. The two-phase gel compositions may be used to suspend various solids, liquids and/or gases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a blended thermoplastic resin composition that includes combining a ground crosslinked rubber with a thermoplastic material and a compatibilizer, and the products formed thereby. The ground crosslinked rubber has an average particle size of about 80 mesh or smaller. The thermoplastic material can be a polyolefinic resin or a polyolefinic elastomer or olefinic vulcanizate elastomer. The ground crosslinked rubber is included in amounts of up to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the blended thermoplastic composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming an azo colorant by reaction of a diazo compound and a coupler. The coupler has a leaving group at the coupling position thereof, such that a coupling reaction rate is faster than it would be if the coupler did not have the leaving group. The coupling reaction rate constant k is preferably 0.1 (s−1) or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to a removable coating and a method for preparing that removable coating. The method comprises applying to a surface of a substrate a removable coating composition including an aqueous dispersion of film forming polymer and amphoteric surfactant having isoelectric point at pH=3 to pH=8.

Abstract: Expandable reinforcing sheet material for vehicle outer panel, comprising nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) modified epoxy resin, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, potassium-zincs thermal stabilizer, calcium carbonate, polyvinyl chloride, carbon black, azodicarbonamides expanding agent, expanding accelerator, adhesion supplying agent, and dicyandiamide, provides excellent adhesion ability to the outer panel of the vehicle, good workability, vibration damping capacity can be suitable for applying to the outer panel of vehicle and thus the outer panel of vehicle on the backside of which the reinforcing material is attached can become lighter and thinner.