Abstract: The present disclosure describes structure and method of a fin field-effect transistor (finFET) device. The finFET device includes: a substrate, a fin over the substrate, and a gate structure over the fin. The gate structure includes a work-function metal (WFM) layer over an inner sidewall of the gate structure. A topmost surface of the WFM layer is lower than a top surface of the gate structure. The gate structure also includes a filler gate metal layer over the topmost surface of the WFM layer. A top surface of the filler gate metal layer is substantially co-planar with the top surface of the gate structure. The gate structure further includes a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) between the filler gate metal layer and the WFM layer.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices may include a substrate and a redistribution layer. The redistribution layer may include a dielectric material and electrically conductive material. Vias may extend through the dielectric material. A first region of the electrically conductive material may be connected to a first subset of vias in a row from a first lateral side of the row, the first region occupying more than half of a width of the row on the first lateral side. A second region of the electrically conductive material may be connected to a second subset of vias in the row from a second, opposite lateral side of the row, the second region occupying more than half of the width of the row on the second lateral side.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a dielectric fin, a gate, and a high-k dielectric layer. The dielectric fin is above the substrate and extending along a first direction. The gate is above the substrate and extends in a second direction that intersects the first direction. The high-k dielectric layer is vertically above the dielectric fin. The gate is over a sidewall and a bottom surface of the high-k dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method includes forming a first fin and a second fin protruding from a semiconductor substrate and defined by a fin height, forming a spacer layer over the first fin and the second fin, etching the spacer layer to form inner spacers and outer spacers along opposite sidewalls of each of the first fin and the second fin, where the inner spacers are formed between the first fin and the second fin and where etching the spacer layer results in the inner spacers to extend above the outer spacers, forming a source/drain (S/D) recess in each of the first fin and the second fin, and forming an epitaxial semiconductor layer in the S/D recesses, where forming the epitaxial semiconductor layer forms an air gap with the inner spacers.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided, which includes an active region, a first structure, a second gate structure, a first gate dielectric sidewall, a second gate dielectric sidewall, a first air gap region, a second air gap region and a contact structure. The active region is formed over a substrate. The first and second gate structures are formed over the active region and between the first gate structure and the second gate structure are the first gate dielectric sidewall, the first air gap region, the contact structure, the second air gap region and a second gate dielectric sidewall.

Abstract: An ESD protection device includes a substrate having an active fin extending in a first direction, a plurality of gate structures extending in a second direction at a given angle with respect to the first direction and partially covering the active fin, an epitaxial layer in a recess on a portion of the active fin between the gate structures, an impurity region under the epitaxial layer, and a contact plug contacting the epitaxial layer. A central portion of the impurity region is thicker than an edge portion of the impurity region, in the first direction. The contact plug lies over the central portion of the impurity region.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel array substrate, a sensing element substrate, and a display medium layer. The display medium layer is disposed between the pixel array substrate and the sensing element substrate. The sensing element substrate includes a substrate, a switch element, an insulation layer, an electrically conductive layer, a signal line, a sensing layer, and an electrode layer. The switch element is disposed on the substrate. The insulation layer covers the switch element. The electrically conductive layer is disposed on the insulation layer. The signal line is electrically connected to the electrically conductive layer. The sensing layer covers a top surface of the electrically conductive layer, a first side of the electrically conductive layer, and a second side of the electrically conductive layer. The electrode layer covers the sensing layer. The electrode layer is electrically connected to the switching element.

Abstract: A method of making a thin film transistor, the method includes: providing a semiconductor layer; arranging a first photoresist layer, a nanowire structure, a second photoresist layer on the semiconductor layer, wherein the nanowire structure includes a single nanowire; forming one opening in the first photoresist layer and the second photoresist layer to form an exposed surface, wherein a part of the nanowire is exposed and suspended in the opening; depositing a conductive film layer on the exposed surface using the nanowire structure as a mask, wherein the conductive film layer defines a nano-scaled channel, and the conductive film layer is divided into two regions, one region is used as a source electrode, and the other region is used as a drain electrode; forming an insulating layer on the semiconductor layer to cover the source electrode and the drain electrode, and locating a gate electrode on the insulating layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a crystalline high-k dielectric layer and controlling the crystalline phase and orientation of the crystal growth of the high-k dielectric layer during an anneal process. The crystalline phase and orientation of the crystal growth of the dielectric layer may be controlled using seeding sections of the dielectric layer serving as nucleation sites and using a capping layer mask during the anneal process. The location of the nucleation sites and the arrangement of the capping layer allow the orientation and phase of the crystal growth of the dielectric layer to be controlled during the anneal process. Based on the dopants and the process controls used the phase can be modified to increase the permittivity and/or the ferroelectric property of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, a dummy gate structure is formed over a channel region of a semiconductor layer, a source/drain epitaxial layer is formed on opposing sides of the dummy gate structure, a planarization operation is performed on the source/drain epitaxial layer, the planarized source/drain epitaxial layer is patterned, the dummy gate structure is removed to form a gate space, and a metal gate structure is formed in the gate space.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of semiconductor fins, a gate stack and an epitaxy structure. The semiconductor fins are present on the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor fins respectively include recesses therein. The gate stack is present on portions of the semiconductor fins that are adjacent to the recesses. The epitaxy structure is present across the recesses of the semiconductor fins. The epitaxy structure includes a plurality of corners and at least one groove present between the corners, and the groove has a curvature radius greater than that of at least one of the corners.

Abstract: A method of forming a fin field effect transistor (finFET) having fin(s) with reduced dimensional variations, including forming a dummy fin trench within a perimeter of a fin pattern region on a substrate, forming a dummy fin fill in the dummy fin trench, forming a plurality of vertical fins within the perimeter of the fin pattern region, including border fins at the perimeter of the fin pattern region and interior fins located within the perimeter and inside the bounds of the border fins, wherein the border fins are formed from the dummy fin fill, and removing the border fins, wherein the border fins are dummy fins and the interior fins are active vertical fins.

Abstract: A strip made of a semiconductor material is formed over a substrate. Longitudinal portions of the strip having a same length are covered with sacrificial gates made of an insulating material and spaced apart from each other. Non-covered portions of the strip are doped to form source/drain regions. An insulating layer followed by a layer of a temporary material is then deposited. Certain ones of the sacrificial gates are left in place. Certain other ones of the sacrificial gates are replaced by a metal gate structure. The temporary material is then replaced with a conductive material to form contacts to the source/drain regions.

Abstract: A device includes a substrate; semiconductor fins extending from the substrate; an isolation structure over the substrate and laterally between the semiconductor fins; a liner layer between sidewalls of the semiconductor fins and the isolation structure; and an etch stop layer between the substrate and the isolation structure and laterally between the semiconductor fins. The etch stop layer includes a material different than that of the isolation structure and the liner layer.

Abstract: A device includes a fin extending from a substrate, a gate stack over and along sidewalls of the fin, a gate spacer along a sidewall of the gate stack, and an epitaxial source/drain region in the fin and adjacent the gate spacer. The epitaxial source/drain region includes a first epitaxial layer on the fin, the first epitaxial layer including silicon, germanium, and arsenic, and a second epitaxial layer on the first epitaxial layer, the second epitaxial layer including silicon and phosphorus, the first epitaxial layer separating the second epitaxial layer from the fin. The epitaxial source/drain region further includes a third epitaxial layer on the second epitaxial layer, the third epitaxial layer including silicon, germanium, and phosphorus.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are quantum dot devices with gate interface materials, as well as related computing devices and methods. For example, a quantum dot device may include a quantum well stack, a gate interface material, and a high-k gate dielectric. The gate interface material may be disposed between the high-k gate dielectric and the quantum well stack.

Abstract: A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of: forming a gate structure on a substrate, forming a polymer block on a corner between the gate structure and the substrate, performing an oxidation process to form a first seal layer on sidewalls of the gate structure, and forming a source/drain region adjacent to two sides of the gate structure. Preferably, the polymer block includes fluorine, bromide, or silicon.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor device includes recessing a gate conductor in a gate structure to form a first divot, forming a gate cap in the first divot and recessing a dielectric fill that encapsulates the gate structures to a position below a top of the gate cap. An extension layer is deposited over the dielectric fill and the top of the gate cap and is planarized to the top of the gate cap. The extension layer is expanded to form a profile growth layer that is thicker than the extension layer and creates a second divot over the gate cap. A top cap is formed in the second divot to provide a cap with a thickness of the gate cap and the top cap.

Abstract: Embodiments of three-dimensional (3D) memory devices and methods for forming the same are disclosed. In an example, a 3D memory device includes a substrate, a memory stack, a channel structure, a first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer. The memory stack includes interleaved conductor layers and dielectric layers above the substrate. The memory stack includes a staircase structure at one edge of the memory stack. The channel structure extends vertically through the memory stack. The first dielectric layer is above the memory stack. A part of the first dielectric layer right above the staircase structure has a dished bottom surface. The second dielectric layer is on the part of the first dielectric layer right above the staircase structure and has a nominally flat top surface.

Abstract: A method includes etching a first semiconductor fin and a second semiconductor fin to form first recesses. The first and the second semiconductor fins have a first distance. A third semiconductor fin and a fourth semiconductor fin are etched to form second recesses. The third and the fourth semiconductor fins have a second distance equal to or smaller than the first distance. An epitaxy is performed to simultaneously grow first epitaxy semiconductor regions from the first recesses and second epitaxy semiconductor regions from the second recesses. The first epitaxy semiconductor regions are merged with each other, and the second epitaxy semiconductor regions are separated from each other.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to remove epitaxial defects in semiconductors are disclosed. A disclosed example multilayered die structure includes a fin having a first material, where the fin is epitaxially grown from a first substrate layer having a second material, and where a defect portion of the fin is etched or polished. The disclosed example multilayered die structure also includes a second substrate layer having an opening through which the fin extends.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods of forming the same include forming a dummy gate on a stack of alternating channel layers and sacrificial layers. A spacer layer is formed over the dummy gate and the stack. Portions of the spacer layer on horizontal surfaces of the stack are etched away to form vertical spacers. Exposed portions of the stack are etched away. Semiconductor material is grown from exposed sidewalls of remaining channel layers to form source and drain structures that are constrained in lateral dimensions by the vertical spacers.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to middle of line structures and methods of manufacture. The structure includes: a plurality of gate structures comprising source and/or drain metallization features; spacers on sidewalls of the gate structures and composed of a first material and a second material; and contacts in electrical contact with the source and/or drain metallization features, and separated from the gate structures by the spacers.

Abstract: A method is presented for fine-tuning a threshold voltage of a nanosheet structure. The method includes forming a nanosheet stack over a substrate including a plurality of sacrificial layers and a plurality of nanowires, forming a sacrificial gate structure over the nanosheet stack, and partially etching one or more sacrificial layers to form cavities, the partial etching resulting in remaining sections of sacrificial layers. The method includes removing the sacrificial gate structure, removing at least one of the remaining sections of sacrificial layers to expose a surface of each of the plurality of nanowires, forming an oxidation channel on the exposed surface on only either a top side or bottom side of each of the plurality of nanowires, removing the oxidation channels to form a recess on each of the plurality of nanowires, and depositing a high-k metal gate extending into the recess of each of the plurality of nanowires.

Abstract: A method includes forming a fin structure over a semiconductor substrate; forming a liner covering the fin structure; etching back the liner to expose an upper portion of the fin structure; forming a spacer covering the upper portion of the fin structure; etching the liner to expose a middle portion of the fin structure, wherein the remaining liner covers a lower portion of the fin structure; etching the middle portion of the fin structure; and forming a first source/drain structure surrounding the middle portion of the fin structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, and a first transistor. The first transistor has a first gate on the semiconductor substrate, and a first lightly doped source/drain region within the semiconductor substrate to determine a first channel region beneath the first gate. A doping ratio determined as a concentration of the first lightly doped source/drain region divided by a concentration of the first channel region ranges from 1.0×1013 to 1.0×1017.

Abstract: Techniques related to forming selective gate spacers for semiconductor devices and transistor structures and devices formed using such techniques are discussed. Such techniques include forming a blocking material on a semiconductor fin, disposing a gate having a different surface chemistry than the blocking material on a portion of the blocking material, forming a selective conformal layer on the gate but not on a portion of the blocking material, and removing exposed portions of the blocking material.

Abstract: Methods for selective silicide formation are described herein. The methods are generally utilized in conjunction with contact structure integration schemes and provide for improved silicide formation characteristics. In one implementation, a silicide material is selectively formed on source/drain (S/D) regions at a temperature less than about 550° C. The resulting silicide is believed to exhibit desirable contact resistance and applicability in advanced contact integration schemes.

Abstract: A method of forming via openings that includes forming sidewall spacers on a plurality of mandrels that are overlying a hardmask layer that is present on an interlevel dielectric layer. Etching the hardmask layer using a portion of the sidewall spacers and the plurality of mandrels to form a first pillar of hardmask material. The interlevel dielectric layer is etched using the first pillar of hardmask material as a mask to define a first via opening. The plurality of mandrels are removed. The hardmask layer is etched using the spacers to define a second pillar of hardmask material. The interlevel dielectric layer is etched using the second pillar of hardmask material to provide a second via opening.

Abstract: Monolithic FETs including a fin of a first III-V semiconductor material offering high carrier mobility is clad with a second III-V semiconductor material having a wider bandgap. The wider bandgap cladding may advantageously reduce band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) leakage current while transistor is in an off-state while the lower bandgap core material may advantageously provide high current conduction while transistor is in an on-state. In some embodiments, a InGaAs cladding material richer in Ga is grown over an InGaAs core material richer in In. In some embodiments, the semiconductor cladding is a few nanometers thick layer epitaxially grown on surfaces of the semiconductor core. The cladded fin may be further integrated into a gate-last finFET fabrication process. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A method of forming via openings that includes forming sidewall spacers on a plurality of mandrels that are overlying a hardmask layer that is present on an interlevel dielectric layer. Etching the hardmask layer using a portion of the sidewall spacers and the plurality of mandrels to form a first pillar of hardmask material. The interlevel dielectric layer is etched using the first pillar of hardmask material as a mask to define a first via opening. The plurality of mandrels are removed. The hardmask layer is etched using the spacers to define a second pillar of hardmask material. The interlevel dielectric layer is etched using the second pillar of hardmask material to provide a second via opening.

Abstract: A method of forming a vertical fin field effect transistor (vertical finFET) with a strained channel, including forming one or more vertical fins on a substrate, forming a sacrificial stressor layer adjacent to the one or more vertical fins, wherein the sacrificial stressor layer imparts a strain in the adjacent vertical fins, forming a fin trench through one or more vertical fins and the sacrificial stressor layer to form a plurality of fin segments and a plurality of sacrificial stressor layer blocks, forming an anchor wall adjacent to and in contact with one or more fin segment endwalls, and removing at least one of the plurality of the sacrificial stressor layer blocks, wherein the anchor wall maintains the strain of the adjacent fin segments after removal of the sacrificial stressor layer blocks adjacent to the fin segment with the adjacent anchor wall.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device includes forming a channel layer on a substrate. A gate dielectric is deposited on the channel layer, and a mask is patterned on the gate dielectric. An exposed portion of the gate dielectric is removed to expose a first source/drain region and a second source/drain region of the channel layer. A first source/drain contact is formed on the first source/drain region and a second source/drain contact is formed on the second source/drain region. A cap layer is formed over the first source/drain contact and the second source/drain contact, and the mask is removed. Spacers are formed adjacent to sidewalls of the first source/drain contact and the second source/drain contact. An oxide region is formed in the cap layer and a carbon material is deposited on an exposed portion of the gate dielectric.

Abstract: A method includes forming a semiconductor fin, performing a first passivation step on a top surface of the semiconductor fin using a first passivation species, and performing a second passivation step on sidewalls of the semiconductor fin using a second passivation species different from the first passivation species. A gate stack is formed on a middle portion of the semiconductor fin. A source or a drain region is formed on a side of the gate stack, wherein the source or drain region and the gate stack form a Fin Field-Effect Transistor (FinFET).

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the semiconductor device are provided, in which the method includes the steps of forming a gate structure on a substrate, forming a spacer on a sidewall of the gate structure, forming two recesses adjacent to two sides of the spacer, performing a cleaning process to trim the spacer for forming a void between the spacer and the substrate, and forming two portions of an epitaxial layer in the two recesses. The semiconductor device preferably includes a cap layer on the two portions of the epitaxial layer as the cap layer includes a planar top surface and an inclined sidewall.

Abstract: An embodiment of a semiconductor switch structure includes source contacts, drain contacts, gates and fins. The contacts and gates are elongated in a first direction and are spaced apart from each other in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The gates are interspersed between the contacts. The fins underlie both the contacts and the gates. The fins are elongated in the second direction and are spaced apart from each other in the first direction. A contact via extends through one of the contacts without contacting a gate or a fin. A gate via extends through one of the gates without contacting a contact or a fin. A contact-gate via is in contact with both a contact and a gate but not a fin.

Abstract: Parasitic transistor formation under a semiconductor containing nanosheet device is eliminated by forming an airgap between the source/drain regions of the semiconductor containing nanosheet device and the semiconductor substrate. The airgap is created by forming a sacrificial germanium-containing semiconductor material at the bottom of the source/drain regions prior to the epitaxial growth of the source/drain regions from physically exposed sidewalls of each semiconductor channel material nanosheet of a nanosheet material stack. After inner dielectric spacer formation, the sacrificial germanium-containing semiconductor material can be reflown to seal any possible openings to the semiconductor substrate. The source/drain regions are then epitaxially grown and thereafter, the sacrificial germanium-containing semiconductor material is removed from the structure creating the airgap between the source/drain regions of the semiconductor containing nanosheet device and the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a substrate; forming on the substrate a semiconductor fin; an isolation structure surrounding the semiconductor fin; and first and second dielectric fins above the isolation structure and sandwiching the semiconductor fin; depositing a spacer feature filling spaces between the semiconductor fin and the first and second dielectric fins; performing an etching process to recess the semiconductor fin, resulting in a trench between portions of the spacer feature; and epitaxially growing a semiconductor material in the trench.

Abstract: Single gate and dual gate FinFET devices suitable for use in an SRAM memory array have respective fins, source regions, and drain regions that are formed from portions of a single, contiguous layer on the semiconductor substrate, so that STI is unnecessary. Pairs of FinFETs can be configured as dependent-gate devices wherein adjacent channels are controlled by a common gate, or as independent-gate devices wherein one channel is controlled by two gates. Metal interconnects coupling a plurality of the FinFET devices are made of a same material as the gate electrodes. Such structural and material commonalities help to reduce costs of manufacturing high-density memory arrays.

Abstract: At least one method, apparatus and system disclosed herein involves forming local interconnect regions during semiconductor device manufacturing. A plurality of fins are formed on a semiconductor substrate. A gate region is over a portion of the fins. A trench silicide (TS) region is formed adjacent a portion of the gate region. The TS region comprises a first TS metal feature and a second TS metal feature. A bi-layer self-aligned contact (SAC) cap is formed over a first portion of the TS region and electrically coupled to a portion of the gate region. A portion of the bi-layer SAC cap is removed to form a first void. A first local interconnect feature is formed in the first void.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method, and more particularly to forming via rail and deep via structures to reduce parasitic capacitances in standard cell structures. Via rail structures are formed in a level different from the conductive lines. The via rail structure can reduce the number of conductive lines and provide larger separations between conductive lines that are on the same interconnect level and thus reduce parasitic capacitance between conductive lines.

Abstract: A fin-shaped structure includes a substrate having a first fin-shaped structure located in a first area and a second fin-shaped structure located in a second area, wherein the second fin-shaped structure includes a ladder-shaped cross-sectional profile part. The present invention also provides two methods of forming this fin-shaped structure. In one case, a substrate having a first fin-shaped structure and a second fin-shaped structure is provided. A treatment process is performed to modify an external surface of the top of the second fin-shaped structure, thereby forming a modified part. A removing process is performed to remove the modified part through a high removing selectivity to the first fin-shaped structure and the second fin-shaped structure, and the modified part, thereby the second fin-shaped structure having a ladder-shaped cross-sectional profile part is formed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a base substrate; a first dielectric layer on the base substrate; a target gate structure in the first dielectric layer and on the base substrate. The target gate structure includes a target structure body and a target spacer wall on sidewalls of the target gate structure body. The semiconductor device further includes a protective layer on a top surface of the target gate structure, in the first dielectric layer. The semiconductor device further includes conductive plugs in the first dielectric layer on sides of the target gate structure and the protective layer.

Abstract: A plasma processing method includes a gas supply step and a film forming step. In the gas supply step, a gaseous mixture containing a compound gas containing a silicon element and a halogen element, an oxygen-containing gas, and an additional gas containing the same halogen element as the halogen element contained in the compound gas and no silicon element is supplied into a chamber. In the film forming step, a protective film is formed on a surface of a member in the chamber by plasma of the gaseous mixture supplied into the chamber.

Abstract: A p-type oxide which is amorphous and is represented by the following compositional formula: xAO.yCu2O where x denotes a proportion by mole of AO and y denotes a proportion by mole of Cu2O and x and y satisfy the following expressions: 0?x<100 and x+y=100, and A is any one of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, or a mixture containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba.

Abstract: A power MOSFET having a substrate that has a substrate surface into which a trench structure is introduced, wherein first trenches and second trenches form the trench structure. The first trenches and second trenches are arranged in alternation. The first trenches are filled at least partially with a first material and the second trenches are filled with a second material. The first material has a first conductivity type and the second material has a second conductivity type, the first conductivity type and the second conductivity type being different from each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to semiconductors, and more particularly, to a structure and method of minimizing shorting between epitaxial regions in small pitch fin field effect transistors (FinFETs). In an embodiment, a dielectric region may be formed in a middle portion of a gate structure. The gate structure be formed using a gate replacement process, and may cover a middle portion of a first fin group, a middle portion of a second fin group and an intermediate region of the substrate between the first fin group and the second fin group. The dielectric region may be surrounded by the gate structure in the intermediate region. The gate structure and the dielectric region may physically separate epitaxial regions formed on the first fin group and the second fin group from one another.

Abstract: Implanting ions to form a cleave layer in a semiconductor device causes damage to sensitive materials such as high-K dielectrics. In a process for forming a cleave layer and repairing damage caused by ion implantation, ions are implanted through a circuit layer of a substrate to form a cleave plane. The substrate is exposed to a hydrogen gas mixture for a first time at a first temperature to repair damage caused by the implanted ions. A cleaving process may then be performed, and the cleaved substrate may be stacked in a 3DIC structure.

Abstract: Improving reliability of a semiconductor device including a transistor and resistance portion. Providing a semiconductor device including: a transistor including a gate portion and second conductivity type well layer, provided on a substrate having a first conductivity type drift region; a resistance portion provided close to a well layer of the transistor in the substrate; and two terminals connected to the resistance portion. The resistance portion is not of a second conductivity type region formed on the substrate. The semiconductor device further includes: an output transistor portion to switch whether or not the semiconductor device outputs current; a control transistor portion provided to a control protection circuit for controlling the output transistor portion; and a detection transistor portion to detect whether or not a power supply short-circuit is occurring to the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) switching circuit includes stacked phase-change material (PCM) RF switches. The stacked PCM RF switches can include a high shunt capacitance PCM RF switch having its heating element contacts near its PCM contacts, and a low shunt capacitance PCM RF switch having its heating element contacts far from its PCM contacts. An RF voltage is substantially uniformly distributed between the high shunt capacitance PCM RF switch and the low shunt capacitance PCM RF switch. The stacked PCM RF switches can also include a wide heating element PCM RF switch having a large PCM active segment, and a narrow heating element PCM RF switch having a small PCM active segment. The wide heating element PCM RF switch will have a higher breakdown voltage than the narrow heating element PCM RF switch.