Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a search unit configured to access an input vector including a number of bits, and to find a first and a second instance of a predetermined bit value such as a logic zero or a logic one, for example. The search unit may be further configured to generate an output that includes an indication of a bit position of the first instance of the predetermined bit value within the input vector, and an indication of a bit position of the second instance of the predetermined bit value within the input vector.

Abstract: A predictive adder produces the result of incrementing and/or decrementing a sum of A and B by a one-bit constant of the form of the form 2k, where k is a bit position at which the sum is to be incremented or decremented. The predictive adder predicts the ripple portion of bits in the potential sum of the first operand A and the second operand B that would be toggled by incrementing or decrementing the sum A+B by the one-bit constant to generate and indication of the ripple portion of bits in the potential sum. The predictive adder uses the indication of the ripple portion of bits in the potential sum and the carry output generated by evaluating A+B to produce the results of at least one of A+B+2k and A+B?2k.

Abstract: A method, system, and processor-readable storage medium are directed towards calculating approximate order statistics on a collection of real numbers. In one embodiment, the collection of real numbers is processed to create a digest comprising hierarchy of buckets. Each bucket is assigned a real number N having P digits of precision and ordinality O. The hierarchy is defined by grouping buckets into levels, where each level contains all buckets of a given ordinality. Each individual bucket in the hierarchy defines a range of numbers—all numbers that, after being truncated to that bucket's P digits of precision, are equal to that bucket's N. Each bucket additionally maintains a count of how many numbers have fallen within that bucket's range. Approximate order statistics may then be calculated by traversing the hierarchy and performing an operation on some or all of the ranges and counts associated with each bucket.

Abstract: A binary logic unit to apply any Boolean operation on two input signals (va, vb) is described, wherein any Boolean operation to be applied on the input signals (va, vb) is defined by a particular combination of well defined control signals (ctl0, ctl1, ctl2, ctl3), wherein the input signals (va, vb) are used to select a control signal (ctl0, ctl1, ctl2, ctl3) as an output signal (vo) of the binary logic unit representing the result of a particular Boolean operation applied on the two input signals (va, vb). Furthermore a method to operate such a binary logic unit is described.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for iteratively calculating standard deviation for streamed data. Embodiments of the invention include iteratively calculating standard deviation in a current computation window based on the standard deviation calculation for a previous computation window. Iteratively calculating standard deviation avoids visiting all previous input and performing redundant computations thereby increasing calculation efficiency. In general, streaming data is added to a buffer of size n until the buffer is filled up. Once the buffer is filled, a sum and standard deviation are calculated for the first n data points. As new data elements are received, a new sum is calculated by reusing the prior sum and a new standard deviation is calculated by reusing the prior standard deviation.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are described which determine at least one output value based on at least one input value. The input value is provided to a processing unit, wherein a combination of intermediate values is iteratively calculated. Each intermediate value is calculated during an iteration such that the intermediate value for each iteration is buffered, using a buffer storage. Based on the combination of the buffered intermediate values a storage is accessed, the storage storing a plurality of first output values, each first output value associated with a respective combination of the buffered intermediate values, so that the first output value is output.

Abstract: Digital signal processing (“DSP”) circuit blocks are provided that can more easily work together to perform larger (e.g., more complex and/or more arithmetically precise) DSP operations if desired. These DSP blocks may also include redundancy circuitry that facilitates stitching together multiple such blocks despite an inability to use some block (e.g., because of a circuit defect). Systolic registers may be included at various points in the DSP blocks to facilitate use of the blocks to implement systolic form, finite-impulse-response (“FIR”), digital filters.

Abstract: A positioning device includes a computer including a stored design file, such as a CAD file, for positioning a selected portion of the design on a workpiece. In a first embodiment, a base unit houses an extensible cable including a free end for placement by a user at a design point on the workpiece. A turn carriage freely rotates about a turn axis to follow cable movement. In output mode, the user is directed to move the cable free end toward the portion of the design and a cable tensioning motor adjusts the tension in the cable sufficiently to indicate when cable free end is at a distance to the portion of the design. Other embodiments include: a turn carriage servoed motor for rotating the turn carriage to follow the cable; and a pitch carriage and servoed motor for rotating the pitch carriage for following the cable.

Abstract: A method for determining the fatigue of the pump rotor of a gas turbopump comprises the following method steps: continuous determination of the rotational speed (n) of the pump rotor, determination of the local rotational speed maxima and minima of a temporal rotational speed profile under consideration, association of the rotational speed maxima and minima with each other to form pairs, determination of a pair fatigue value (L) for each of the rotational speed pairs, and accumulation of all pair fatigue values (L) to form a total fatigue value (Ltot). In this manner it is possible to determine the cyclic stress for the pump rotor of a vacuum pump and to include it in the calculation of a total fatigue value.

Abstract: A method for performing a decimal floating-point division, including: receiving, by a decimal floating-point divider, a decimal floating-point dividend and a decimal floating-point divisor; obtaining, by the decimal floating-point divider, a preliminary quotient having a first precision level, where the preliminary quotient is calculated from the decimal floating-point dividend and the decimal-floating point divisor; receiving, by the decimal floating-point divider, a rounding mode; selecting a rounding action based on the preliminary quotient and the rounding mode; and obtaining a rounded quotient having a second precision level by rounding the preliminary quotient according to the rounding action, where the first precision level is at least one digit greater than the second precision level.

Abstract: This invention is for how to define two self-weights for continuous random variable based on sampling, how to SAC-normalize a skewed sampling distribution of a continuous random variable without changing the structure of the original measurement scale of the continuous random variable, how to infer representativeness of mathematical mean, and how to take the advantage of the two self-weights to do t-tests in a two-population comparison.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for verifying a result of a floating point square root operation is provided. The method includes: receiving a result of a floating point square root operation for an operand; performing a comparison of a magnitude of a least significant bit (LSB) of the operand and a magnitude of a most significant bit (MSB) of a remainder; and determining whether the result is correct based on the comparison.

Abstract: A method, system, and processor-readable storage medium are directed towards calculating approximate order statistics on a collection of real numbers. In one embodiment, the collection of real numbers is processed to create a digest comprising hierarchy of buckets. Each bucket is assigned a real number N having P digits of precision and ordinality O. The hierarchy is defined by grouping buckets into levels, where each level contains all buckets of a given ordinality. Each individual bucket in the hierarchy defines a range of numbers—all numbers that, after being truncated to that bucket's P digits of precision, are equal to that bucket's N. Each bucket additionally maintains a count of how many numbers have fallen within that bucket's range. Approximate order statistics may then be calculated by traversing the hierarchy and performing an operation on some or all of the ranges and counts associated with each bucket.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus to create an arithmetic expression by combining one or more operators includes a detection unit to detect a permutation of plural operators existing in common to the plural created arithmetic expressions, and a registration unit to register the detected permutation of the operators as a new operator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementation of high order MASH by reuse of single stage MASH have been described.

Abstract: A frequency spectrum analyzing apparatus for performing a frequency spectrum analysis with respect to a detected value of an operating parameter of an internal combustion engine in synchronism with rotation of the engine, is provided. The operating parameter is sampled at predetermined time intervals, and a sampled value is converted to a digital value. Intensities of first and second elements are calculated with respect to a predetermined number of the sampled values. The first elements and second elements respectively correspond to a plurality of frequency components contained in the detected value, and a phase of the second element differs from a phase of the first element by 90 degrees. Frequency component intensities corresponding to the plurality of frequency components are calculated in synchronism with rotation of the engine, using the first element intensities and the second element intensities.

Abstract: A method of generating an interleaved symbol sequence location from a symbol location of a symbol sequence comprises determining the interleaved symbol location based on an interleaver sequence function which relates a linear symbol location to the interleaved symbol location. This is done by acquiring values of the interleaver sequence function in quotient and remainder form and then calculating the interleaved symbol location by performing operations of the interleaver sequence function in quotient and remainder form.

Abstract: A method for efficient state transition matrix based LFSR computations are disclosed. A polynomial associated with a linear feedback shift register is defined. This polynomial is used to generate a single step state transition matrix. The single step state transition matrix is then modified into a more general k-step state transition matrix. The resultant combined matrix is reduced in size and can be multiplied by a state input vector, ultimately producing a plurality of next state-input vectors thereby providing improved efficiency in computing a LFSR.

Abstract: An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) including a first routing grid connected to multiple data lanes to drive first data to the data lanes. A second routing grid is connected to the data lanes to drive second data to the data lanes. Each of the data lanes include multiple, e.g. N, functional units with first inputs from the first routing grid and second inputs from the second routing grid. The functional units compute pairwise a function of the respective first data on the respective first inputs and the respective second data on the respective second inputs. Each of the data lanes include a reduction unit with inputs adapted to receive K? bits per word from the functional units. The reduction unit is configured to perform a reduction operation configured to output an output result having a reduced number J? bits per word, wherein J? is less than N multiplied by K?.

Abstract: The claimed invention discloses method, systems, and computer program products for providing nonparametric entropy estimation. The method comprises receiving a sample having a sample size of two or more symbols; calculating a number of distinct symbols in the sample, where the sample has one or more distinct symbols; calculating a relative frequency for each of the one or more distinct symbols; calculating, for a plurality of pairs having a first and second value, a set of numerical terms for each pair; calculating, based on the plurality of pairs and sets of numerical terms, one or more values for a first and second matrix; calculating, based on the first and second matrices, a plurality of vector components for a first, second, and third vector; and calculating an entropy estimation based at least partially on the one or more components in the third vector.

Abstract: A method for monitoring human activity using an inertial sensor includes continuously determining an orientation of the inertial sensor, assigning a dominant axis, updating the dominant axis as the orientation of the inertial sensor changes, and counting periodic human motions by monitoring accelerations relative to the dominant axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combining pressure information from pressure sensors, motion information from dead reckoning or other motion sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and geomagnetic sensors, and temperature information from temperature sensors, to separate a change in altitude from a change in environmental pressure or temperature. A change in measured pressure without any motion or change in temperature must be a weather-related barometric pressure change. If there is an associated temperature change, but no motion, and the rate of change is too fast for a normal weather change, the measured change represents a change in sensitivity of the pressure sensor with temperature, and the sensor calibration can be adjusted. A rapid change in pressure, associated with horizontal motion, but no measurable vertical motion represents a movement into a different pressure environment. Only changes in pressure that are associated with measurable vertical motion are true changes in altitude.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to techniques for decoding two or more signals that vary sinusoidally with respect to a parameter value to produce a decoded signal that varies linearly with respect to the parameter value. The techniques may include receiving a first signal and a second signal, the first signal varying with respect to a parameter value according to a first sinusoidal function having a period and a first phase, the second signal varying with respect to the parameter value according to a second sinusoidal function having the period and a second phase different from the first phase. The techniques may further include performing one or more arithmetic operations using the first signal, the second signal, and an offset value to generate a third signal that varies linearly with respect to the parameter value for at least one-half of the period of the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: Method of predicting capacity demands on a desired device used to support services for a number of subscribers within a market area having a number of devices. The method includes predicting the capacity demands as a function of historical capacity demands for the desired device and average subscriber capacity demands on the number of devices in the market area.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for estimating a time-varying parameter of a nonlinear system includes receiving input data for the nonlinear system, the input data including a desired state and a desired state derivative of the nonlinear system for a number of time points, generating for one of the plurality of time points an approximate time-varying parameter based on at least the desired state, the desired state derivative, an approximate state of the nonlinear system, and a Lyapunov function, and providing the approximate time-varying parameter for the one of the plurality of time points.

Abstract: Language-integrated query (LINQ) operators can be extended to a set of vectors associated with a digital signal processing (DSP) environment. A language-integrated query (LINQ) operator can be created to execute a change of basis for a set of vectors. LINQ operators can be further be utilized with specifically generated parameters to perform a change of basis for the set of vectors. Additionally, the standard LINQ operators can be extended to enable querying with LINQ against the set of vectors.

Abstract: A method for determining a peak value of a histogram or a sequence of sampled data is disclosed. The method may include fitting a curve to the sequence of data, the curve being modeled based on an orthonormal expansion; obtaining a differential curve, the differential curve describing changes in slope of the curve fitted to the sequence of data; finding at least one root for the differential curve; for each of the at least one root for the differential curve, calculating a corresponding value on the curve fitted to the sequence of data; and determining the peak value of the sequence of data based on a maximum value among the corresponding value calculated for each of the at least one root.

Abstract: An input polynomial, in symbolic form, is received, classified, pre-processed, and factored. The input polynomial is classified as a constant, a univariate polynomial, or a multivariate polynomial. Various pre-processing is performed depending on the classification. After the input polynomial is pre-processed, the remaining polynomial is factored using a polynomial factoring algorithm. By pre-processing the input polynomial, the complexity of the polynomial to be factored is reduced, which reduces the computational expense of the polynomial factoring algorithm.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for determining the transmembrane pressure during an extracorporeal blood treatment in which blood flows at a defined blood flow rate through an arterial blood conduit of an extracorporeal blood circuit into the inlet of a first chamber of a dialyzer, which is divided by a semipermeable membrane into the first chamber and a second chamber, and flows through a venous blood conduit from the outlet of the first chamber of the dialyzer, while dialysis liquid flows through a dialysis liquid supply conduit into the inlet of the second chamber of the dialyzer and flows through a dialaysis liquid discharge conduit from the outlet of the second chamber of the dialyzer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a system and method to measure and represent the measured value of a limit in terms of another measurement, such as clock values or cycles of the system. The system can include, for example, a test and measurement instrument such as an oscilloscope. In another embodiment of the present invention, slew rate de-rated values may be automatically determined through the use of configurable lookup tables.

Abstract: Systems and/or methods that facilitate secure electronic communication of data are presented. A cryptographic component facilitates securing data associated with messages in accordance with a cryptographic protocol. The cryptographic component includes a randomized exponentiation component that facilitates decryption of data and generation of digital signatures by exponentiating exponents associated with messages. An exponent is divided into more than one subexponent at an exponent bit that corresponds to a random number. Exponentiation of the first subexponent can be performed based on a left-to-right-type of exponentiation algorithm, and exponentiation of the second subexponent can be performed based on a right-to-left square-and-multiply-type of exponentiation algorithm. The final value is based on the exponentiations of the subexponents and can be decrypted data or a digital signature, which can be provided as an output.

Abstract: A system and a method is provided for the detection and capture, and in particular for an ultra high speed detection and capture, of transients in input voltages by an intelligent electronic device. The system and method detects transients for input voltages in either phase to phase or phase to neutral measurements and permits a user to set threshold levels for detecting transients in input voltages. In an embodiment, the system and method further provides a field programmable gate array as a controller for managing transient detection. The field programmable gate array includes a state machine for determining the state of the sampled signal with respect to a threshold level at a specified waveform sample period.

Abstract: In various example embodiments, systems and methods for estimating the mean of a dataset having a fat tail. Data sets may be partitioned into components, a “torso” component and a “tail” component. For the “tail” component of the data set a more efficient estimator can be obtained (versus the traditionally calculated mean) by using the tail data to estimate parameters for a specific distribution and then deriving the mean from the estimated parameters. The estimated mean from the torso and the estimated mean from the tail may then be combined to obtain the estimated mean for the full data. This can be applied to gross merchandise bought (GMB) by various samples of visitors and apply the experience that was provided to the sample with the highest GMB to all visitors to increase gross revenue.

Abstract: Circuitry for adding together three long numbers may include the formation of redundant form sum bit signals and redundant form carry bit signals. These signals may be finally combined in a ripple carry adder chain that produces sum bit output signals and ripple carry bit signals. Both a ripple carry bit signal and a redundant form carry bit signal must be passed from the circuitry performing each place of the addition to the circuitry performing the next-more-significant place of the addition. Various techniques are disclosed for facilitating subdividing long chains of such circuitry, as well as possibly including (between such subdivisions) “pipeline” registers for both ripple and redundant form carry bit signals.

Abstract: A commonly recurring computational geometry problem in many diverse science and engineering disciplines is to determine if a point is inside an enclosed body. Usually this needs to be solved for a very large set of points. Many algorithms for different applications have been proposed. But fundamentally, they are all based on the same underlying strategy of focusing solely on the 2D body surface as the defining boundary. For a general solution, these traditional algorithms remain very complex and computationally costly. A new concept for a simple and efficient approach not specifically tied to any application is described here.

Abstract: A flexible aes instruction for a general purpose processor is provided that performs aes encryption or decryption using n rounds, where n includes the standard aes set of rounds {10, 12, 14}. A parameter is provided to allow the type of aes round to be selected, that is, whether it is a “last round”. In addition to standard aes, the flexible aes instruction allows an AES-like cipher with 20 rounds to be specified or a “one round” pass.

Abstract: A mantissa/exponent splitter splits an input value X=(1+X1/223)×(2^X2) into a mantissa X1 and an exponent X2. An interpolation processor references the mantissa/exponent splitter using the mantissa X1 and determines a power value (log2(1+X1/223)) through an interpolation process. A logarithmic calculator determines a logarithmic value Z=log2 XY=Y(X2+log2(1+X1/223)) from the exponent X2 and the power value from the interpolation processor. The integer/fraction splitter splits the logarithmic value Z into an integer Zint and a fraction Zamari. The interpolation processor references a power of fraction table storage unit in response to the fraction Zamari and determines a power value (2^Zamari) through the interpolation process. The power calculator determines XY=2^Z=(2^Zamari)×(2^Zint), thereby resulting in the input value X to the power of Y.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose a method and a system for determining securely the Manhattan distance between a first and a second signal. The system is mapping the first signal to a first binary signal; mapping the second signal to a second binary signal, such that the squared distance between the first signal and the second binary signals equals the Manhattan distance; reducing respectively dimensions of the first binary signal and the second binary signal to produce a first low dimensional signal and a second low dimensional signal, such that the squared distance between the first low dimensional signal and the second low dimensional signals approximates the squared distance between the first binary signal and the second binary signals; and determining securely the squared distance between the first low dimensional signal and the second low dimensional signals to securely determine the Manhattan distance between the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A method and system for scaled exponential smoothing are provided. Multiple exponentially smoothed values are maintained for items and events occur on one or more of the items. The method maintains a gradually inflated representation of the smoothed values of items, such that the representation at a given time for an item where no event has occurred is not altered. Using a scaling technique enables the smoothed values for the objects on which an event has not occurred to remain the same. This reduces the number of calculations required significantly, enabling the use of the smoothing technique in a wide range of applications.

Abstract: Digital signal processing (“DSP”) circuit blocks are provided that can more easily work together to perform larger (e.g., more complex and/or more arithmetically precise) DSP operations if desired. These DSP blocks may also include redundancy circuitry that facilitates stitching together multiple such blocks despite an inability to use some block (e.g., because of a circuit defect). Systolic registers may be included at various points in the DSP blocks to facilitate use of the blocks to implement systolic form, finite-impulse-response (“FIR”), digital filters.

Abstract: A reader is utilized to detect motion of a user's fingers when a user mimics a typing motion. The system can be used to define various key press states for particular finger positions and then monitor the motion of fingers to detect when a key state is entered. The system can then provide the detected key state as input to a system expecting the data input.

Abstract: We describe a method for using a classical computer to generate a sequence of elementary operations (SEO) that can be used to operate a quantum computer. A quantum computer operating under such a SEO can be used to evaluate certain quantum operator averages.

Abstract: The sampling rate of a digital signal is reduced by storing a series of partial sums of the digital signal instead of the signal itself, thus reducing the memory size required to perform the sampling-rate reduction.

Abstract: Advantageously, embodiments of the invention provide techniques for determining dependency relationships between matrix supernodes by storing a list of dependencies for each supernode in a data structure and augmenting this list as needed when a column is moved from one supernode to another while factorizing a series Ai of symmetric matrices. As iterating over all supernodes to determine which supernodes a given supernode depends on at the beginning of each factorization adds significant overhead to the computation, embodiments described above maintains a supernode dependency data structure used for each successive factorization, greatly reducing the overhead of the dependency determination.

Abstract: A method of coding a secret, a numerical value d, subdivided into a number N of secret elements [di]n1, a composition law () applied to the elements di giving the value d. The following are calculated: (A) a first image (TN) of the secret by iterative calculation and application of the law () between the first image Ti-1 of rank i?1 and of the product according to this law of the element (di) of next rank and of a random value (Ri) of a first set, (B) a first numerical value (S1) by application of the law () to the N random values (Ri), (C) a second numerical value (S2) by application of the law to the N?1 random values (Aj) of a second set, (D) a second image T? of the secret by application of the inverse law () to the first image (TN) and to the second numerical value (S2) so as to generate an intermediate image (Tx) and then application of the inverse law to the intermediate image (Tx) and to the second numerical value (S2).

Abstract: Techniques disclosed herein are generally related to methods and devices for determining spectral samples for a finite length sequence. Some example methods include, for each time-indexed sample in a data sample sequence comprising a plurality of samples, generating a sample-specific phase value set associated with a respective time index of the sample and a set of predetermined frequencies. Some examples further include, mapping each sample-specific phase value set to a corresponding sample-specific iso-phasor set and calculating an altered iso-phasor set. Some examples include generating a rotated sample value set by unmapping the altered iso-phasor set to obtain real and imaginary components of the sample rotated by the corresponding sample-specific phase value set. Some addition examples include summing selected rotated sample values from each of the sets of rotated sample values to create a spectral sample vector having a spectral sample of the sequence and outputting the spectral sample vector.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention may include systems and methods for evaluating pipeline using GIS data. According to an example embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for evaluating pipeline using geographical information system (GIS) data. The method can include receiving component information from a GIS database for one or more components in a pipeline; determining a modified maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOPm) for the one or more components; determining an uprating pressure (MAOPm*) that the one or more components can withstand; and outputting a upgrade recommendation or an uprate recommendation based at least in part on the MAOPm and the MAOPm*.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is an identification circuit installed on an integrated circuit for generating an identification bit, comprising a first circuit to generate a first output signal that is based on random parametric variations in said first circuit, a second circuit to generate a second output signal that is based on random parametric variations in said second circuit, a third circuit capable to be operated in an amplification mode and in a latch mode, wherein in said amplification mode the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal is amplified to an amplified value and, wherein in said latch mode said amplified value is converted into a digital signal.

Abstract: Method for detecting a change in mass with a quartz crystal impedance-scanning microbalance, which can be connected to an evaluation device, wherein the quartz crystal microbalance is designed to transmit the measurement points recorded at a predetermined data recording rate as raw data to the evaluation device, including at least the following steps: linearly fitting the measurement points of the raw data to a fractional rational function and determining at least one resonance frequency from the fitted measurement points of the raw data, wherein a change in the at least one resonance frequency corresponds to an effective change in mass.

Abstract: A method for improving bandwidth of an oscilloscope involves, in preferred embodiments, the use of frequency up-conversion and down-conversion techniques. In an illustrative embodiment the technique involves separating an input signal into a high frequency content and a low frequency content, down-converting the high frequency content in the analog domain so that it may be processed by the oscilloscope's analog front end, digitizing the low frequency content and the down-converted high frequency content, and forming a digital representation of the received analog signal from the digitized low frequency content and high frequency content.