Abstract: A method for the electrochemical application or removal of a coating of components (1) is made available, in which the component (1) serves as an electrode and in which, between the component (1) and the counterelectrode (3), an electrical field is built up which leads to the deposition of a coating material dissolved in an electrolyte or to the removal of a coating material (11) located on the component surface (2). During deposition or during removal, the component (1) is covered by structures (5) consisting of an electrically insulating material.

Abstract: Medical implants exhibiting optimized mechanical properties, and methods of making such implants, are disclosed. That is, the implants are fabricated of a porous metal substrate and include coating integrated over various areas so as to provide some added or desirable property or functionality to the implant. In one embodiment, the implant is an acetabular implant with a coating applied to an internal, concave wear surface which is sized and configured to receive a head of a femur. Typically, the coating is a ceramic incorporated onto the desired area of the implant via electrophoretic deposition.

Abstract: A method of producing a multilayer structure including a substrate, an adhesive layer and a metal layer, the method including: forming the adhesive layer on the substrate or a metal foil that forms the metal layer by applying a composition containing an acrylic resin having a repeating unit that is derived from an ethylenic unsaturated monomer having a divalent sulfur atom, and applying energy to the composition; and (if the adhesive layer is formed on the substrate) forming the metal layer on the adhesive layer by laminating a metal foil or forming a metal film by evaporation or sputtering, or (if the adhesive layer is formed on the metal foil) forming an organic resin layer that forms the substrate on the adhesive layer by a casting method.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to illumination devices, and particularly directed to illumination devices utilizing light transmissive layers and methods for making the same. An illumination device and method for making the device are disclosed. The device, in particular, includes a substrate and conductive region disposed on the substrate. One or more light sources, such as LEDs, are disposed on a surface of the substrate and electrically coupled to the electrically conductive region for supply of electric current. The device also includes one or more light transmissive layers disposed on the substrate and the at least one light source to encapsulate light sources and also to control characteristics of light delivery from the light sources as light passes through the light transmissive layers.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for use with an electrodeposition process. According to an exemplary embodiment, the electrode assembly includes an electrode for exchanging electrical current with a solution, a passageway for removing gas that becomes trapped between a workpiece and the solution, and a sleeve for electrically isolating the electrode from the workpiece.

Abstract: A method of preparing a solid oxide fuel cell is described herein, as well as the fuel cell itself. The method comprises forming a cathode layer comprising a strontium composition on a ceramic electrolyte layer; and forming a barrier layer between the cathode layer and an overlying interconnect structure comprising chromium, so as to substantially prevent the formation of strontium chromate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a top surface of a workpiece surface influencing device and a method of using the same. The top surface of the workpiece surface influencing device is adapted for use in an electrochemical mechanical processing apparatus in which a solution becomes disposed onto a conductive surface of a workpiece and electrochemical mechanical processing of the conductive surface is performed while relative movement and physical contact exists between the top surface and the conductive surface. The top surface comprises a ceramic material that presents a substantially planar contact area to the conductive surface, the ceramic material having a hardness greater than that of the conductive surface. A plurality of channels are formed through the top surface.

Abstract: Systems and methods include depositing one or more materials on a voltage switchable dielectric material. In certain aspects, a voltage switchable dielectric material is disposed on a conductive backplane. In some embodiments, a voltage switchable dielectric material includes regions having different characteristic voltages associated with deposition thereon. Some embodiments include masking, and may include the use of a removable contact mask. Certain embodiments include electrografting. Some embodiments include an intermediate layer disposed between two layers.

Abstract: An automotive substrate comprising an electrodepositable coating layer deposited over at least a portion of the automotive substrate and a barrier coating layer deposited over at least a portion of the electrodepositable coating layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for electroplating a layer of metal onto the surface of a wafer includes an ionically resistive ionically permeable element located in close proximity of the wafer and an auxiliary cathode located between the anode and the ionically resistive ionically permeable element. The ionically resistive ionically permeable element serves to modulate ionic current at the wafer surface. The auxiliary cathode is configured to shape the current distribution from the anode. The provided configuration effectively redistributes ionic current in the plating system allowing plating of uniform metal layers and mitigating the terminal effect.

Abstract: An electrode surface coating and method for manufacturing the electrode surface coating comprising a conductive substrate; and one or more surface coatings comprising one or more of the following metals titanium, niobium, tantalum, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, or gold, or an alloy of two or more metals, or a combination of two or more alloys or metal layers thereof having an increase in the surface area of 5 times to 500 times of the corresponding surface area resulting from the basic geometric shape.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a chemical conversion coating agent containing no chromium and capable of applying good chemical conversion treatment which is equal to or more than chemical conversion treatment by zinc phosphate to all metals such as iron, zinc and aluminum. A chemical conversion coating agent comprising: at least one kind selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium and hafnium; fluorine; and a water-soluble epoxy compound containing an isocyanate group and/or a melamine group, wherein a content of the at least one kind selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium and hafnium in the chemical conversion coating agent is 20 to 10000 ppm in terms of metal, and a content of the water-soluble epoxy compound containing the isocyanate group and/or the melamine group in the chemical conversion coating agent is 5 to 5000 ppm as a concentration of solid matter.

Abstract: Systems and methods include depositing one or more materials on a voltage switchable dielectric material. In certain aspects, a voltage switchable dielectric material is disposed on a conductive backplane. In some embodiments, a voltage switchable dielectric material includes regions having different characteristic voltages associated with deposition thereon. Some embodiments include masking, and may include the use of a removable contact mask. Certain embodiments include electrografting. Some embodiments include an intermediate layer disposed between two layers.

Abstract: Fine-grained (average grain size 1 nm to 1,000 nm) metallic coatings optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein are disclosed. The fine-grained metallic materials are significantly harder and stronger than conventional coatings of the same chemical composition due to Hall-Petch strengthening and have low linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs). The invention provides means for matching the CTE of the fine-grained metallic coating to the one of the substrate by adjusting the composition of the alloy and/or by varying the chemistry and volume fraction of particulates embedded in the coating. The fine-grained metallic coatings are particularly suited for strong and lightweight articles, precision molds, sporting goods, automotive parts and components exposed to thermal cycling. The low CTEs and the ability to match the CTEs of the fine-grained metallic coatings with the CTEs of the substrate minimize dimensional changes during thermal cycling and prevent premature failure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to structures having a plurality of discrete insulated elongated electrical conductors projecting from a support surface which are useful as probes for testing of electrical interconnections to electronic devices, such as integrated circuit devices and other electronic components and particularly for testing of integrated circuit devices with rigid interconnection pads and multi-chip module packages with high density interconnection pads and the apparatus for use thereof and to methods of fabrication thereof. Coaxial probe structures are fabricated by the methods described providing a high density coaxial probe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the electrolytic coating of a structured or full-surface base layer (9) on a surface of a substrate (7), which comprises at least one electrolyte bath (3) having at least one rotatably mounted roller (2) connectable as a cathode, which contacts the base layer (9) during the electrolytic coating, the base layer (9) being covered by an electrolyte solution (5) contained in the electrolyte bath (3) and being moved relative to the at least one roller (2) during the coating. The at least one roller (2) connectable as a cathode is connected cathodically during the contact with the base layer (9) and is connected neutrally or anodically as soon as there is no contact with the base layer (9).

Abstract: Disclosed is an electroplating method for filling cavities, through holes, blind holes, or micro blind holes of a work piece with metals. According to said method, the work piece containing cavities, through holes, blind holes, or micro blind holes is brought in contact with a metal deposition electrolyte, and a voltage is applied between the work piece and at least one anode such that a current flow is fed to the work piece. The invention method is characterized in that the electrolyte encompasses a redox system.

Abstract: The invention provides foams of desired cell sizes formed from metal or ceramic materials that coat the surfaces of carbon foams which are subsequently removed. For example, metal is located over a sol-gel foam monolith. The metal is melted to produce a metal/sol-gel composition. The sol-gel foam monolith is removed, leaving a metal foam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a current collector including a base portion with a flat face, primary projections projecting from the flat face, and secondary projections projecting from the top of the primary projections. The present invention also relates to a current collector including a base portion with a flat face and primary projections projecting from the flat face, wherein the roughening rate of the top of the primary projections is 3 to 20. By using such a current collector, separation of the active material from the current collector can be inhibited when using an active material that has a high capacity but undergoes a large expansion at the time of lithium ion absorption.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a hybrid nano-filament composition for use in a lithium battery electrode. The process comprises: (a) providing a porous aggregate of electrically conductive nano-wires that are substantially interconnected, intersected, physically contacted, or chemically bonded to form a porous network of electrically conductive filaments, wherein the nano-wires have a diameter or thickness less than 500 nm; and (b) depositing an electro-active coating onto a surface of the nano-wires, wherein the electro-active coating is capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions and the coating has a thickness less than 10 ?m, preferably less than 1 ?m. This process is applicable to the production of both an anode and a cathode. The battery featuring an anode or cathode made with this process exhibits an exceptionally high specific capacity, an excellent reversible capacity, and a long cycle life.

Abstract: A multi-layered wafer support apparatus is provided for performing an electroplating process on a semiconductor wafer (“wafer”). The multi-layered wafer support apparatus includes a bottom film layer and a top film layer. The bottom film layer includes a wafer placement area and a sacrificial anode surrounding the wafer placement area. The top film layer is defined to be placed over the bottom film layer. The top film layer includes an open region to be positioned over a surface of the wafer to be processed, i.e., electroplated. The top film layer provides a liquid seal between the top film layer and the wafer, about a periphery of the open region. The top film layer further includes first and second electrical circuits that are each defined to electrically contact a peripheral top surface of the wafer at diametrically opposed locations about the wafer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of electroplating copper onto at least one surface of a substrate in which more uniform electrical double layers are formed adjacent to the at least one surface being electroplated (i.e., the cathode) and an anode of an electrochemical cell, respectively. In one embodiment, the electroplated copper may be substantially-free of dendrites, exhibit a high-degree of (111) crystallographic texture, and/or be electroplated at a high-deposition rate (e.g., about 6 ?m per minute or more) by electroplating the copper under conditions in which a ratio of a cathode current density at the at least one surface to an anode current density at an anode is at least about 20. In another embodiment, a porous anodic film may be formed on a consumable copper anode using a long conditioning process that promotes forming a more uniform electrical double layer adjacent to the anode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyimide film produced by heating a self-supporting film of a polyimide precursor solution onto which a solution containing an aluminum chelate compound and, optionally, a nonionic surfactant and/or an aluminum alcoholate compound having at least one alkoxy group is applied to effect imidization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to electroplate or electropolish a metal on a substrate wherein an ionic liquid selected from the group of N+R1R2R3R4X? or N+R5R6R7R8Y? is employed as electrolyte, and a metal salt added to the ionic liquid is employed as the metal source or a metal anode is used as the metal source, wherein any one of R1 to R8 independently represents a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group that may be substituted with a group selected from OH, Cl, Br, F, I, phenyl, NH2, CN, NO2, COOR9, CHO, COR9, or OR9, at least one of R5 to R8 is a fatty alkyl chain, and one or more of R5 to R8 can be a (poly)oxyalkylene group wherein the alkylene is a C1 to C4 alkylene and the total number of oxyalkylene units can be from 1 to 50 oxyalkylene units, and at least one of R1 to R8 is a C1 to C4 alkyl chain, R9 is an alkyl or cycloalkyl group, X- is an anion having an N-acyl sulphonylimide anion (—CO—N?—SO2—) functionality, Y? is an anion compatible with the N+R5R6R7R8 ammonium cation, s

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel cell, having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a membrane element, in which the membrane element is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. At least one of the electrodes has a flow field plate and at least one flow conduit, through which a reactant can be conducted, extends in at least one outer surface of the flow field plate. According to the invention, it is provided that the flow field plate has at least one microreaction chamber, and the microreaction chamber is disposed in the outer surface and on the flow conduit. A catalyst is disposed on at least a part of the microreaction chamber in such a way that the catalyst has contact simultaneously with the membrane element and the inflowing reactant.

Abstract: An easily handleable composition for metal surface treatment is provided which achieves foundation surface concealment, coating adhesion and corrosion resistance equal to or higher than those obtained by the conventional metal surface treatment compositions. This composition for metal surface treatment places no burden on the environment. A method for treating the surface of a metal material in which such a composition for metal surface treatment is used, and a metal material treated by such a metal surface treatment method, are also provided. Specifically disclosed is a metal surface treatment composition used for a treatment of a metal surface, which composition contains a zirconium compound and/or titanium compound substantially not containing fluorine, and an inorganic acid and/or a salt thereof. This metal surface treatment composition has a pH of not less than 1.5 but not more than 6.5.

Abstract: A plating processing method, which comprises continuously electroplating the surface of a film having a surface resistivity of from 1?/square to 1000?/square, wherein the transportation speed of the foregoing film is from 1 m/minute to 30 m/minute.

Abstract: A coating process using an aqueous coating or aqueous rinse includes a step in which at least a part of the aqueous coating, aqueous rinse, and/or an aqueous component added to the aqueous coating or aqueous rinse is pasteurized. The pasteurization may be carried out continuously in a circulation loop of a tank containing the material or in a line carrying the material to a sprayhead.

Abstract: A high frequency probe preparation method for making a high frequency probe for high frequency testing to assure signal integrity by means of making a sleeve assembly subject to the size of a predetermined bare needle and then sleeving bare needle by the sleeve assembly to form a high-frequency probe is disclosed to include the steps of: a) providing an insulated tube, and b) forming a conducting layer on the outer surface of the insulated tube which having a metal layer for grounding. The insulated tube and the conducting layer constitute the sleeve assembly. The metal layer is formed by means of physical deposition, chemical deposition, mixture of physical and chemical deposition or electrochemical deposition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for plating parts like lug nuts or other metal parts that have both an easily plated outside surface as well as a recessed cavity. The invention works in combination with a standard multi-station plating process. Also, a method and apparatus for preventing areas of electrode contact on a part from being non-plated. The present invention drains and plates a part containing a cavity by moving the part from a position where the cavity is facing around 45 degrees down to a position where the cavity is facing around 45 degrees up and then back down at various times during the process. The moving is generally initiated when the rack moving along a track above the fluid tanks encounters a roller. The roller causes a depression bar to activate a mechanical mechanism that shifts the position of the part. Other embodiments of the present invention can also rotate the part on an electrode finger as a roller on the track is encountered by the rack to avoid non-plated regions on the part.

Abstract: A method of making a filter material for producing potable water comprises providing activated carbon particles, depositing one or more nanofilament precursors at least partially onto the surface of the activated carbon particles, agitating the activated carbon particles and deposited nanofilament precursors in the presence of carbonaceous vapor, and heating the activated carbon particles and the deposited nanofilament precursors in the presence of carbonaceous vapor at a temperature and time sufficient to produce the filter material comprising activated carbon particles having carbon nanofilaments on the surface of the particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of multilayer microcomponents which comprise one or more films, each consisting of a material M selected from metals, metal alloys, glasses, ceramics and glass-ceramics. The method consists in depositing on a substrate one or more films of an ink P, and one or more films of an ink M, each film being deposited in a predefined pattern selected according to the structure of the microcomponent, each film of ink P and each film of ink M being at least partially consolidated before deposition of the next film; effecting a total consolidation of the films of ink M partially consolidated after their deposition, to convert them to films of material M; totally or partially removing the material of each of the films of ink P. An ink P consists of a thermoset resin containing a mineral filler or a mixture comprising a mineral filler and an organic binder. An ink M consists of a mineral material precursor of the material M and an organic binder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the electrolytic coating of at least one electrically conductive substrate or a structured or full-surface electrically conductive surface on a nonconductive substrate, which comprises at least one bath, one anode and one cathode, the bath containing an electrolyte solution containing at least one metal salt, from which metal ions are deposited on electrically conductive surfaces of the substrate to form a metal layer while the cathode is brought in contact with the substrate's surface to be coated and the substrate is transported through the bath, wherein the cathode comprises at least two disks (2, 4, 10) mounted on a respective shaft (1, 5, 14) so that they can rotate, the disks (2, 4, 10) engaging in one another. The invention furthermore relates to a method for the electrolytic coating of at least one substrate, which is carried out in a device according to the invention.

Abstract: To make a metal feature, a non-plateable layer is applied to a workpiece surface and then patterned to form a first plating region and a first non-plating region. Then, metal is deposited on the workpiece to form a raised field region in said first plating region and a recessed region in said first non-plating region. Then, an accelerator film is applied globally on the workpiece. A portion of the accelerator film is selectively removed from the field region, and another portion of the accelerator film remains in the recessed acceleration region. Then, metal is deposited onto the workpiece, and the metal deposits at an accelerated rate in the acceleration region, resulting in a greater thickness of metal in the acceleration region compared to metal in the non-activated field region. Then, metal is completely removed from the field region, thereby forming the metal feature.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a magnetic write head having a stepped trailing shield. The stepped trailing shield is formed by forming a non-magnetic bump over a write pole prior to electroplating a wrap-around magnetic shield. This bump is formed by constructing a mask having an opening configured to define the non-magnetic bump. A magnetic material is then sputter deposited. In order to decrease deposition of the magnetic material on the sides of the mask, a collimator is used to align the deposited material along a plane substantially parallel with an air bearing surface plane. This collimation of the deposited magnetic material greatly facilitates liftoff, and more importantly prevents the formation of fences which would otherwise have to be removed by a harsh, aggressive process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of phosphinic acids and/or phosphonic acids and salts thereof, preferably as surface-active compounds, in redox processes, in particular in electroplating technology, particularly preferably in electroplating baths, and to electroplating baths comprising these compounds.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of anodizing a component, preferably aluminum, is disclosed. The component is placed in an electrolyte solution. A number of pulses are applied to the solution and component. Each pulse is formed by a pattern including having three magnitudes. The third magnitude is less, preferably substantially less, than the first and second magnitudes, and all three magnitudes are of the same polarity. The pulse pattern may include alternations between the first and second magnitudes, and following the alternations, the third magnitude. Other patterns may be provided. The solution is in a reaction chamber, along with at least a portion of the component. The fluid enters the reaction chamber from a transport chamber through a plurality of inlets directed toward the component, preferably at an angle of between 60 and 70 degrees. The inlet is preferably the cathode, and the component is the anode, whereby current flows between the cathode and the anode in another embodiment.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a metal body, which leads in a simple and reliable way to formation of a defined surface topography, if desired also combined, in the range from 10 nm to 500 ?m on a metal base body or blank which is to have, in particular, nanoscale pores. For this purpose, a pulsating current is applied to a metal base body in an electrolysis bath, with the electrolysis bath comprising salt former ions matched to the material of the metal base body. Furthermore, the invention provides a dental implant having particularly advantageous surface properties, in which a nanostructure is superimposed on a surface microstructure and nitrogen atoms and/or nitrogen compounds are attached and/or included in the region of the surface.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrochemical multilayer test sensor that includes a base, a second layer and a reactive layer. The reactive area includes an enzyme. The test sensor is adapted to be used in a meter and assist in determining the concentration of an analyte. A plurality of electrodes and their respective conductive leads are partially defined on the base. After partially defining the plurality of electrodes and their respective conductive leads on the base, the base is attached to a second layer to define a reaction zone in which the plurality of electrodes are fully defined. After attaching the base to the second layer, the plurality of conductive leads on the base of the test sensor are fully defined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing capable of readily obtaining a surface metal film material that has excellent adhesiveness of a metal film, reduced variability of adhesion due to humidity changes and excellent heat resistance and flexibility, and a method of manufacturing capable of readily obtaining a patterned metal material excellent in insulation reliability of a region where a patterned metal is not formed, and excellent in heat resistance and flexibility.

Abstract: An the electrode for electrolysis of an electrolytic solution comprises an electrode core serving as a base and a plurality of prominences formed on a surface of the electrode core, the prominences have each a leaf-shaped form and rises from the electrode core surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board with an embedded thin-film capacitor, and a method of manufacturing the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to a printed circuit board with an embedded thin-film capacitor, comprising a lower electrode formed on an insulating substrate; an amorphous paraelectric film formed on the lower electrode; a metal seed layer formed on the paraelectric film; and an upper electrode formed on the metal seed layer and having a surface roughness (Ra) of more than 300 nm; and a method of manufacturing a printed circuit board with an embedded thin-film capacitor, comprising forming a lower electrode on an insulating substrate; forming an amorphous paraelectric film on the lower electrode, using a low-temperature film formation process; forming a metal seed layer on the paraelectric film; and forming an upper electrode having a surface roughness (Ra) of more than 300 nm on the metal seed layer, using an electroplating method.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to provide a process for manufacturing multilayer printed circuit boards which is capable of simultaneous via hole filling and formation of conductor circuit and via holes of good crystallinity and uniform deposition can be constructed on a substrate and high-density wiring and highly reliable conductor connections can be realized without annealing.

Abstract: An electrolytic processing method makes it possible to preferentially process a diffusion barrier layer while suppressing processing of an interconnect metal, thereby enabling omission of CMP or a lowering of processing pressure in CMP. The electrolytic processing method comprises: bringing a surface of a substrate (W) into contact with an electrolytic solution (48) comprising an organic solvent, such as propylene carbonate, and an electrolyte, such as lithium hexafluorophosphate, dissolved into the organic solvent, and optionally an inhibitor composed of a heterocyclic compound; and applying an electric potential, for example, a positive electric potential which is controlled at a value less than the decomposition voltage of the organic solvent, to the surface of the substrate (W) to carry out electrolytic processing of the substrate surface.

Abstract: A coated plastic sheet comprises a transparent plastic sheet having a top and bottom surface, and a first film on the top surface and covering less than all of the top surface, thereby creating at least one uncovered area. At least a portion of the first film has a first metallic luster on its exposed surface. The coated plastic sheet also comprises a second film on the bottom surface. At least a portion of the second film is visible through the uncovered area of the sheet, wherein the second film presents a second metallic luster through the uncovered area.

Abstract: An optical device that comprises an input waveguide, an output waveguide, a high-Q resonant or photonic structure that generate slow light connected to the input waveguide and the output waveguide, and an interface, surface or mode volume modified with at least one material formed from a single molecule, an ordered aggregate of molecules or nanostructures. The optical device may include more than one input waveguide, output waveguide, high-Q resonant or photonic structure and interface, surface or mode volume. The high-Q resonant or photonic structure may comprise at least one selected from the group of: microspherical cavities, microtoroidal cavities, microring-cavities, photonic crystal defect cavities, fabry-perot cavities, photonic crystal waveguides.

Abstract: Medical devices, particularly stents, suitable for drug delivery and including a porous structure and/or colors are disclosed.

Abstract: The fluid-confining apparatus includes at least a substrate holder, at least a confining fluid supplying tube, at least a confining fluid recovering tube, at least a process fluid supplying tube, and at least a process fluid recovering tube. The process fluid supplying tube supplies at least a process fluid, and makes the process fluid contact with at least a treatment region of a wafer. The confining fluid supplying tube continuity supplies at least a confining fluid. The confining fluid does not dissolve the process fluid. The flowing confining fluid can contact with at least a non-treatment region of the wafer, and confines the process fluid into a predetermined space.

Abstract: A process of forming an electronic device can include placing a seed layer into an electroplating solution within an electroplating tool. The electroplating tool can include a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to the seed layer. The process can also include depositing a first portion of a conductive layer using a first signal of a first type (e.g., direct current) between the first electrode and a second electrode, and depositing a second portion of the conductive layer over the first portion of the conductive layer, using a second signal of a second type (e.g., alternating current) between the first electrode and the second electrode of the electroplating tool.

Abstract: Provided are an electrode for a secondary battery employing an active material layer having improved thickness uniformity by printing low-viscosity ink on the active material layer, a manufacturing method of the electrode, and a secondary battery having improved electrode capacity due to the employing of the electrode. The electrode includes a current collector, and an active material layer formed by printing ink having a viscosity not exceeding 500 mPa·s on the current collector and drying the current collector, wherein the current collector has a surface roughness (Ra) in a range from about 0.025 to 1.0 ?m.